Unit2語法精講精練（解析版）學習目標掌握一般現(xiàn)在時的三種用法：描述常發(fā)生的動作、表述客觀真理、說明現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)。學會主語與動詞的搭配規(guī)則，尤其第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時動詞的“三單變形”。掌握一般現(xiàn)在時的一般疑問句、否定句和特殊疑問句的構(gòu)成及轉(zhuǎn)換。理解并正確使用頻度副詞及頻率短語，掌握其位置規(guī)則。能結(jié)合本單元詞匯，運用上述語法知識完成各類習題。辨析易混淆詞匯（如sometimes系列、join相關短語等）的用法。一、知識要點與即時練習（一）一般現(xiàn)在時的應用類型一般現(xiàn)在時主要用于以下幾種情況：描述經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作：表示動作有規(guī)律性、反復性，常和頻度副詞（如always、usually、often等）或表示頻率的短語（如everyday、onceaweek等）連用。例：Iattendschoolat7:30everymorning.（我每天早上7:30去上學。）例：Shefrequentlyplaysvolleyballafterschool.（她經(jīng)常放學后打排球。）表述客觀事實或普遍真理：不受時間限制，是客觀存在的情況。例：Themooncirclestheearth.（月亮繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。）例：Soundtravelsslowerthanlight.（聲音比光傳播得慢。）說明現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)：描述主語現(xiàn)在的特征、狀態(tài)等。例：HeisadiligentstudentinGrade7.（他是一名七年級的勤奮學生。）例：Thisnovelisquitefascinating.（這本小說相當吸引人。）即時練習判斷下列句子屬于一般現(xiàn)在時的哪種應用類型，將序號填在括號內(nèi)。（A：描述經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作；B：表述客觀事實或普遍真理；C：說明現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)）Theriverflowsintothesea.()Theyvisittheirgrandparentseverymonth.()Heistallandstrong.()Thesunsetsinthewest.()Weusuallytakeawalkafterdinner.()（二）主語與動詞的搭配規(guī)則一般現(xiàn)在時中，主語的人稱和數(shù)會影響動詞的形式。1.主語為第三人稱單數(shù)（he/she/it/單個的人或物/不可數(shù)名詞等）動詞要進行“三單變形”，常見變化規(guī)則如下：一般情況下，在動詞詞尾加s。例：Heobtainsupat6:30everymorning.（他每天早上6:30起床。）例：Shedevotesherselftostudyingatschool.（她在學校專心學習。）以s、x、ch、sh、o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加es。例：Hewatchesdocumentarieseveryevening.（他每天晚上看紀錄片。）例：Shedoesherprojectcarefully.（她認真做項目。）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加es。例：Hestudiesphysicseveryday.（他每天學習物理。）例：Theboycarrieshisinstrumenttoschool.（這個男孩背著樂器去上學。）即時練習用所給動詞的適當形式填空。a.m._____(reach)schoolat7:00a.m.everyday.She______(fix)putersonSundays.Thebird______(fly)awaywhenitseespeople.Mike______(study)chemistryveryhard.Thetrain______(leave)forthecitycentereveryhour.2.主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)（I/you/we/they/復數(shù)的人或物/復數(shù)名詞等）動詞用原形。例：WeexploreknowledgefromMondaytoFriday.（我們周一到周五探索知識。）例：Theyappreciatetheirschoollife.（他們欣賞自己的校園生活。）即時練習用所給動詞的適當形式填空。I______(enjoy)readingnovelsverymuch.You______(be)atalentedstudent.We______(play)badmintonafterschool.They______(have)ameetingat12:00.Theteachers______(prepare)lessonsintheoffice.3.一般現(xiàn)在時的疑問句與否定句一般疑問句：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，用Does開頭，動詞變回原形。例：—Doeshearriveearly?（他到得早嗎？）—Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時，用Do開頭，動詞用原形。例：—Dotheygotoschoolbysubway?（他們坐地鐵去上學嗎？）—Yes,theydo./No,theydon't.否定句：主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，用doesn't+動詞原形。例：Hedoesn'tarrivea.m.7:00a.m.（他不在早上7點到達。）主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時，用don't+動詞原形。例：Wedon'tlikewindydays.（我們不喜歡有風的日子。）特殊疑問句：結(jié)構(gòu)為“特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（do/does+主語+動詞原形+其他）”。例：Whatdoeshedoeverymorning?（他每天早上做什么？）例：Wheredotheystudy?（他們在哪里學習？）例：Howoftendoessheplaythepiano?（她多久彈一次鋼琴？）即時練習按要求改寫句子。p.m.eadsbooksat6:00p.m.（改為一般疑問句）p.m.?_he______booksat6:00p.m.?Theygotothemuseumbybus.（改為否定句）They____________tothemuseumbybus.Shelikespainting.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答）—______she______painting?—Yes,____________.Idrawpicturesintheevening.（改為否定句）I____________picturesintheevening.Wehaveapartyatschool.（改為一般疑問句并作否定回答）—______you______apartyatschool?—No,____________.Heplaysfootballonweekends.（對劃線部分提問）____________he______onweekends?Theystudyintheclassroom.（對劃線部分提問）____________they______?Shegoesshoppingtwiceaweek.（對劃線部分提問）____________doesshe______shopping?（三）頻度副詞頻度副詞用于說明動作發(fā)生的頻率高低，常見的有：always（總是，頻率接近100%）、usually（通常，頻率約80%）、often（經(jīng)常，頻率約60%）、sometimes（有時，頻率約40%）、seldom（很少，頻率約20%）、never（從不，頻率0%）。位置規(guī)則：頻度副詞一般放在實義動詞（表示具體動作的動詞，如attend、explore、play等）之前。例：Ioftenpracticebasketballafterschool.（我經(jīng)常放學后練習籃球。）例：Heusuallyhaslunchatthecanteen.（他通常在食堂吃午飯。）若句子里有情態(tài)動詞（如can、must等）、be動詞（am/is/are），頻度副詞要放在它們之后。例：Sheisalwayspunctualforclass.（她上課總是準時。）例：Wecansometimesvisitthelaboratoryduringbreaks.（我們有時可以在課間參觀實驗室。）表示頻率的短語（如everyday、onceaweek、twiceamonth等），常放在句末，有時也可放在句首，放句首時常用逗號與句子其他部分隔開。例：Theyplaychesseveryafternoon.（他們每天下午下象棋。）例：Onceaweek,sheattendsalecture.（她每周去聽一次講座。）即時練習用頻度副詞或頻率短語填空（可重復使用）。always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday,onceaweekHe______arrivesatschoolontime.We______gototheartgalleryonSundays.She______playstheviolinafterschool.They______eatdessertbecausetheywanttostayfit.Igotothebookstore______.二、綜合練習題I.語法選擇從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。Jack______(get)upat7:00a.m.everyday.A.get B.gets C.getting D.togetWe______(usuallygo)toschoolbybus.A.usuallygo B.gousually C.usuallygoes D.goesusually—______yoursister______(oftenread)booksinthelibrary?—Yes,shedoes.A.Do;oftenread B.Does;oftenread C.Do;readoften D.Does;readoftenThey______(seldomeat)outbecausetheylikecookingathome.A.seldomeat B.eatseldom C.seldomeats D.eatsseldomEveryday,Tom______(alwaysfinish)hishomeworkbeforedinner.A.alwaysfinish B.finishalways C.alwaysfinishes D.finishesalwaysII.閱讀理解閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確的答案。Tom'sSchoolRoutineTomisaseventhgraderatBrightFutureSecondarySchool（中學）.Healwayswakesuppromptly（迅速地）at6:45a.m.Afterbrushinghisteethandwashinghisface,heusuallyhasanutritious（有營養(yǎng)的）breakfastofboiledeggsandfreshmilk.Thenheheadsto（前往）school—heoftenchoosestowalk,ashishomeiswithinwalkingdistance（距離）ofthecampus（校園）,whichtakeshimabout15minutes.Schoolstartsat8:00a.m.sharp（準時地）.Eachweekday,Tomattends（參加）sixclasses,includingcoresubjects（核心課程）likemaths,geography,andEnglish.Amongallsubjects,hehasaparticularfondness（喜愛）forEnglish;healwaysfocusesintently（專注地）duringlessonsandactivelyparticipates（參與）ingroupdiscussions（討論）.Afterclassesend,Tomsometimesjoinshisclassmatesforagameofbasketballontheplayground—he’samemberoftheschoolteamandpracticestwiceaweek.Heseldomstaysoutlate,asheprefers（更喜歡）toreturnhomeearlytofinishhishomework.Heusuallypletes（完成）allhomeworkbefore8:00p.m.,afterwhichhespendssometimereadinghistorybooksorsciencemagazines（雜志）.Toensure（確保）hestaysenergetic（精力充沛的）thenextday,Tomnevergoestobedlaterthan9:30p.m.1.WhattimedoesTomalwaysgetup?A.At6:30a.m. B.At6:45a.m. C.At7:00a.m. D.At7:15a.m.2.HowdoesTomoftengotoschool?A.Bybus. B.Bybike. C.Onfoot. D.Bycar.3.WhichsubjectdoesTomlikebest?A.Maths. B.Geography. C.English. D.Science.4.WhendoesTomusuallyfinishhishomework?A.Before7:00p.m. B.Before8:00p.m. C.Before9:00p.m. D.Before10:00p.m.5.WhydoesTomnevergotobedlate?A.Tojointhebasketballteam. B.Tofinishhishomeworkontime.C.Tostayenergeticforschool. D.Toreadbooksatnight.III.語篇填詞根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示，填寫所缺單詞，使短文意思完整。第一篇Hello,I'mMike.IamastudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.I1.u______getupat6:30a.m.ThenIhavebreakfast.I2.o______havebreadandjuice.Afterthat,Igotoschool.I3.s______gotoschoolbybusbecausemyhomeisnotfarfromtheschool.I4.a______gettoschoolontime.Classes5.s______at8:00a.m.Ihaveagoodtimeatschool.第二篇Hello,I'mEmma.IstudyatGreenLeafSecondarySchool（中學）.Mydailyroutine（日常安排）isquiteregular.I1.u______wakeupat6:20a.m.andthendosomemorningexercisestostayfit（健康的）.At6:50,Ihavebreakfast—mymomoftenpreparesporridge（粥）andeggs,whicharenutritious（有營養(yǎng)的）.Afterbreakfast,I3.a______pack（整理）myschoolbagandheadtoschool.I4.s______takethebusbecausemyhomeiswithinwalkingdistance（距離）ofthecampus（校園）.Ittakesmeabout15minutestowalkthere.I5.n______arrivelateforschool;classesstartat8:00a.m.sharp（準時地）,andIalwaysgetthereby7:50.Inthemorning,wehavefourclasses,includingEnglishandgeography.Duringbreaks,Ioftenchatwithmyclassmatesorreadstorybooks.Lunchisat12:00p.m.inthecanteen（食堂）.Intheafternoon,wehavetwomoreclasses,andthenI6.s______jointhemusicclubtopracticethepiano.I7.usuallygohomeat5:30p.m.andfinishmyhomeworkbeforedinner.Ireallyenjoymyschoollife!第三篇用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空，使短文完整連貫。MynameisSusan.I1.______(be)astudentinGrade7.I2.______(usually/get)upat6:40a.m.I3.______(brush)myteethand4.______(wash)myface.ThenI5.______(have)breakfast.I6.______(often/eat)eggsandbread.I7.______(go)toschoolat7:30a.m.School8.______(start)at8:00a.m.I9.______(like)mathsand10.______(always/listen)carefullyinclass.Atnoon,I11.______(have)lunchwithmyclassmates.We12.______(talk)aboutourlessons.Intheafternoon,we13.______(have)threeclasses.Afterschool,I14.______(sometimes/play)tabletenniswithmyfriends.I15.______(go)homeat5:30p.m.I16.______(enjoy/do)myhomeworkintheevening.I17.______(seldom/watch)TV.I18.______(go)tobedat9:30p.m.IV.完成句子根據(jù)所給的中文意思，用英語完成下列句子（每空一詞）。我通常在學校吃午飯。I____________lunchatschool.她總是在放學后彈鋼琴。She____________thepianoafterschool.他們很少在周末看電視。They____________TVonweekends.我們每天早上7:30去上學。We____________schoolat7:30everymorning.他從不遲到。He____________late.做早操是保持健康的好方法。Doingmorningexercises________________________tokeephealthy.他們每周參加一次英語角。They__________________theEnglishcorner__________________.從周一到周五，我們都很忙碌。______Monday______Friday,we______alwaysbusy.V.書面表達將下列句子翻譯成英語。第一組：基礎版我通常在學校圖書館看書。他總是在早上7點做運動。我們經(jīng)常在放學后打掃教室。她有時和朋友一起去公園。他們從不遲到。第二組：進階版她通常在周末參加社區(qū)的志愿活動。?他總是在課前認真預習（preview）所有科目。?我們經(jīng)常在科學課上進行有趣的實驗（experiment）。?李明有時會利用（makeuseof）課余時間練習彈鋼琴。?這些學生從不忽視（ignore）任何一個細節(jié)（detail）。?VI.句型轉(zhuǎn)換按要求改寫下列句子，每空一詞。LucyoftenattendsthebiologyclassonFridaymorning.（改為一般疑問句）______Lucyoften______thebiologyclassonFridaymorning?Wedosomemorningexercisesat7:00a.m.everyday.（改為否定句）We____________anymorningexercisesat7:00a.m.everyday.Theyhaveabreakafterthesecondclass.（對劃線部分提問）____________they______abreak?Thegeographyclassstartsat9:10a.m.（對劃線部分提問.）__________________thegeographyclass______?Shealwaysfinishesherhomeworkbeforedinner.（改為否定句）She____________herhomeworkbeforedinner.Mikeoftentakespartinthefootballmatchonweekends.（改為一般疑問句）______Mikeoften__________________thefootballmatchonweekends?Theygotothelibrarytwiceaweek.（對劃線部分提問）__________________they______tothelibrary?Iusuallyhavelunchatschool.（改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答）—____________usually______lunchatschool?—Yes,____________.Thestudentscleanuptheclassroomeveryafternoon.（對劃線部分提問）____________thestudents______everyafternoon?Hesometimeswalkshisdogintheparkaftersupper.（對劃線部分提問）__________________he______hisdogintheparkaftersupper?VII.補全對話（運用一般現(xiàn)在時與頻度副詞）根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容，填入適當?shù)膯卧~或短語，使對話完整通順。A:Hi,Peter!Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybike?B:No,I1.______walktoschool.Myhomeisnearourschool.A:Whattimedoyou2.______getupeverymorning?B:Ialwaysgetupat6:30a.m.ThenI3.______breakfastwithmyfamily.A:Doyou4.______takepartinafterschoolactivities?B:Yes,I5.______jointhefootballclub.Wepracticetwiceaweek.A:That'sgreat!Whattimedoyouusuallygohome?B:I6.______gohomeat5:00p.m.ThenIdomyhomework.A:DoyouoftenwatchTVintheevening?B:No,I7.______watchTV.Ilikereadingbooks.VIII.詞匯辨析練習（易混淆詞匯專項）選擇合適的詞匯填空，每詞限用一次。sometimes,sometime,sometime,sometimesIwillvisitmyuncle______nextweek.HehasbeentoBeijing______.Weneed______tofinishthework.______Igotothelibraryafterschool.join,takepartin,attend5.Hewantsto______themusicclub.6.Wewill______theschoolsportsmeeting.7.Shealways______themorningmeetingontime.IX.話題寫作題目要求：根據(jù)提示，寫一篇關于“我的校園生活”的短文，要求運用一般現(xiàn)在時和頻度副詞，80詞左右。要點：1.每天的作息時間；2.喜歡的科目及原因；3.課后活動；4.對校園生活的感受。參考詞匯和短語：作息相關：sticktoaroutine 遵循常規(guī)wakeup 醒來headtoschool 前往學校onfoot 步行bybike 騎自行車schoolbegins/starts 開始上課）returnhome 回家科目相關：geography 地理biology 生物fascinate 使著迷explore 探索concentrateinclass 課堂上集中注意力participateindiscussions 參與討論