Unit5Revealingnature(限時(shí):35分鐘)●Ⅰ閱讀理解A[2024·遼寧東北育才學(xué)校高考適應(yīng)性測試最后一卷]文體:說明文主題:人與自然詞數(shù):364“Redtide”isanaturalphenomenonthatfrequentlyoccursinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thephenomenonistheresultofextremegrowthoftinyalgae(海藻)calledK.Brevis,whichhasaredcolour,givingthewatersurfaceaverynoticeableredcolour.K.Breviswillgiveoffchemicalsthatcanattackthenervoussystemsofanimals,whichoftenleadstodeadlyresults.Floridacitizensarenostrangertoredtide,whichoccursalongthestate’sGulfCoastannually.However,themostrecentoutbreakofredtidehassofarlastedmuchlongerandspreadacrossnearly145milesofthecoastlineinsouth-westernFlorida.ThelongseasonhascausedthedeathoftonsoffishandotheranimalswhichwerewasheduponthebeachesallthewayfromTampatoNaples.Thesmellofthedeadanimalshaskeptawaythousandsoflocalsandtouriststhatfrequentthearea’slongbeaches.Inviewofthat,inAugust,FloridadeclaredastateofemergencyforthesevenplaceswhereK.Brevishasbeengrowingquickly,providing$3milliontohelpwithresearch,clean-ups,andwildliferescue.Recently,thesituationofredtideinFloridamaybeexacerbatedduetoanoutbreakofalgaeTrichodesmiumintheoffshorewatersofManateeCounty.Trichodesmiumfloatsonthewater’ssurfacesuckingnitrogen(氮)fromtheairwhileK.Brevislivesbelowthesurfaceobtainingnitrogenfromthewater.Ifthesetwomassesofalgaemix,thedyingTrichodesmiummayendupprovidingnitrogenforK.Brevis,lengtheningitsstayinthearea.ResearchersrecentlyareexploringtheideaofintroducingotheralgalspeciestoFlorida.Amongthepossibilitiesisthediatom.It’sakindofalgaethatcangrowquicklyinthewater.Itsgrowthwillconsumealargeamountofnitrogenfromthewater.SoitcompeteswithK.Brevisfornitrogen.Anotherpossibilityisalgaeknowntogiveoffchemicalsthatstopthegrowthofredtide.The10-month-longredtideoutbreakinFloridamaybetheresultofacombinationofheavyrainfall,warmeroceantemperatures,andpollution.Nowit’stimeforustodosomething.()1.WhatcanwelearnaboutK.Brevis?A.It’scausedbyredtide.B.Itcanharmoceanlife.C.It’sfacingdyingout.D.Itexistsmainlyonland.()2.What’sParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theresearchers’studyofalgae.B.ThetourismpotentialinFlorida.C.Thepossiblewaystodealwithredtide.D.TheconsequencesofredtideinFlorida.()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.Worsened. B.Studied.C.Handled. D.Ignored.()4.What’sthepossiblefunctionofthealgaediatom?A.TochangethecolourofK.Brevis.B.TohelpreduceK.Brevis’foodsupply.C.TodamageK.Brevisusingsomechemicals.D.Toincreasefishes’resistancetoK.Brevis’attack.B[2024·福建福州第三中學(xué)高三三模]文體:說明文主題:人與自然詞數(shù):372Morethan360millionyearsago,duringtheDevonian(泥盆紀(jì)的)period,lifewasflourishinginspectacularfashion.Asfishandinvertebrates(無脊椎動物)populatedtheseas,thefirsttreesemergedonland.ButbytheendoftheDevonian,morethanhalfofallEarth’sspecieshaddisappearedinaseriesofmassextinction.Newresearchshowshowtreeevolutioncouldhavecontributedtotheseextinctionevents.“Aslandplantsdiversified,theystartedtogrowmorecomplexrootsystemsthatwereabletoreachfartherdowntograbwater,”saysUSNavalAcademyoceanographerMathewSmart,leadauthorofthenewstudyintheGeologicalSocietyofAmericaBulletin.Deeptreerootsdrewcrucialmineralssuchasphosphorus(磷)outofthebedrockandtheneventuallydecayed,formingmineral-richsoil.Periodically,largequantitiesofthissoilwerewashedintotheseasandlakes—wherethesuddenphosphorusinflowcausedharmfulalgalblooms(藻華)thatpulledoxygenfromthewatersbelow.Thencameaseriesoflarge-scaleextinction.TheresearcherstrackedthisdeadlypatterninfiveprehistoriclakebedsinScotlandandGreenland.TheymeasuredagradualphosphorusdecreaseinsedimentlayersfromthemiddletolateDevonian,accompaniedbysuddenincreaseofthemineralwithevidenceofcorrespondingoxygendepletion(耗竭).“We’vebeenworkingontheDevonianforalongtime,andwehavebeenthinkingthatthesecycleshaveoccurred,butwecouldn’treallyexplainit,”saysAnne-ChristinedaSilva,asedimentologistattheUniversityofLiègeinBelgium.“Thispapercouldbringanexplanation.”UniversityofNewMexicoplanetaryscientistMayaElrick,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysthatwhiletheoxygendepletionincidentscoincidedwithextinction,itisunclearhowmuchofaroletreerootsplayed.Phosphoruslevelsdidgraduallydecreaseoverallastreesevolved,butshesaysthisreductionmayhavealreadybeenoccurring:“Ifit’satrendthatwashappeningbefore,youcan’tblameitontheplants.”Next,Smart’steamplanstotestitsresultsusingcomputermodelstoseewhetherplantsonlandcouldhavecausedocean-wideoxygendepletionandcorrespondingextinction—analysisthatcouldalsohelppredictmodernalgalblooms’impact.()5.What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Theevolutionoflandplants.B.Theeffectofphosphorusinflow.C.Thesourceofcrucialminerals.D.Theprocessofmassextinction.()6.What’sAnne-ChristinedaSilva’sattitudetowardstheresearchfinding?A.Disapproving. B.Favourable.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.()7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesMayaElrickagreewith?A.Oxygendepletionworsenedastreesevolved.B.Treeevolutioncan’tnecessarilyrevealextinction.C.Plantextinctionresultedfromthemineralincrease.D.Phosphorusreductionoccurredbeforetreeevolution.()8.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheriseandfallofthedevonianperiodB.Theroleofphosphorusintrees’evolutionC.AlgalbloomscontributetooxygendepletionD.Treerootsmayhavesetoffmassextinction●Ⅱ語法填空[2024·山西懷仁高三二模]文體:說明文主題:人與自然詞數(shù):233Spendingtimeinthegreatoutdoorsisafull-onsensoryexperiencewithendlessskies,beautifulforests,thesoundsofthewindandthewarmfeelingofsunrays1.(rest)onyourface.Inadditiontonature’s2.(enjoy)sights,soundsandsensations,thefamiliarsmellsofnaturecanbejustasappealing.Infact,arecentstudyfoundthatnaturedoesn’tjustsmellgood,butitsfragrancesmakepeoplefeelgoodaswell.

TheresearchersfromtheUniversityofKentintheUK3.(send)194participantstorelaxinthewoodlandsthroughoutthefourseasons.Theparticipantsreportedfeelingrelaxedwhentheysmelled4.theydescribedas“freshair”or“earthy”smells.Accordingtothestudy,thesesmellsbroughtbackfunmemoriesoftheirchildhoods.5.instance,pinetreesmadesomeparticipantsthinkaboutChristmas.

“Wefoundthatsmellsaffectedmultiplefieldsofwell-beingwithphysicalwell-beingdiscussedmost6.(frequent),particularlyinrelationtorelaxation,comfortandrejuvenation(恢復(fù)活力),”wrotetheresearchersinthestudy.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplefeelmoresettledinasmell-freezone,withthisresultpossibly7.(link)totheabsenceofbad-smellingurbansmells,likepollution.

DrJessicaFisher,thestudyco-author,pointedouttheseresultscould8.(apply)infuturepractice.Inheropinion,when9.comestoenjoyingahikeinthewoodsorapicnicundertheopenskies,itpays10.(keep)notonlyone’seyesandears,butalsoone’snose,open.

●Ⅲ完形填空[2024·福建寧德高三三模]文體:記敘文主題:人與自然詞數(shù):238Acoupleweeksago,IventureddowntoCharlotte,NC,tomeetColeRosenberger,whohadaseriouspassionforprotectingforests.Iwantedto1sharehisstorywithyou.

Cole2meinMarchaskinghowhecouldhelpprotectNorthCarolina’scoastalforests.Bythe3ofhise-mailIassumedhewasinhighschool,soIsenthimmaterialsthatIthoughtwouldbe4andtalkedwithhimaboutour5.

Afewweekslaterheinformedmethathehadreceivedthe6fromhisprincipaltogetpostcardssignedbythekidsathisschoolanddevelopeda(n)7plan.ItwasalsoatthistimethatI8a“secret”e-mailfromCole’smum,lettingmeknowthatheiseightyearsoldandreallyexcitedaboutthisproject.That9meaway!

ColeorganizedhiselementaryschooltosignpostcardstoaskMcDonald’stouse10packaging.Afewmonthslater,McDonald’sdecidedtouse100%recycledfibresintheirbags.Thiswin11Coletodomore,andhewasreadyto12KFC.Hepartneredwithsevenschools,gottheattentionofmedia,and13over6,000postcardstoKFC’sheadquarters.IttookseveralyearsbeforeKFC14tousemorerecycledpaperinitspackaging.

Ialmostcriedatthebeautyand15ofyouthtomakeapositiveimpactontheEarth.

()1.A.equally B.bravelyC.frequently D.briefly()2.A.disturbed B.contac