（英語）高考英語閱讀理解(教育文化)各地方試卷集合匯編及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

TheUSDepartmentofLabourstatistics(統(tǒng)計)showthatthereisanoversupplyofcollege-trainedworkersandthatthisoversupplyisincreasing.Alreadytherehavebeenmorethanenoughteachers,engineers,physicists,aerospaceexperts,andotherspecialists.Yetcollegesandgraduateschoolscontinueeveryyeartoturnouthighlytrainedpeopletocompeteforjobsthataren'tthere.Theresultisthatgraduatescannotentertheprofessionsforwhichtheyweretrainedandmusttaketemporaryjobswhichdonotrequireacollegedegree.

Ontheotherhand,thereisagreatneedforskilledworkersofallsorts:carpenters,electricians,mechanics,plumbers,andTVrepairmen.

Thesepeoplehavemoreworkthantheycandealwith,andtheirannualincomesareoftenhigherthanthoseofcollegegraduates.Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.

Thereasonforthissituationisthetraditionalmyththatcollegedegreeisapassporttoaprosperousfuture.AlargepartofAmericansocietymatchessuccessinlifeequallywithacollegedegree.Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Underthispressurethekidsfallintoline.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.Andeveryyearcollegeenrollments(入學)goupandup,andmoreandmoregraduatesareovereducatedforthekindsofjobsavailabletothem.

Oneresultofthisemphasisonacollegeeducationisthatmanypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere.Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.（1）It'simpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat

.A.

manyothercountriesarefacingthesameproblemB.

white-collarworkersintheUSusedtomakemoremoneythanblue-collarworkersC.

fewerstudentswillprefertogotocollegeinthefutureD.

thelawofsupplyanddemandhasastrongeffectonAmericanhighereducation（2）WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonwhycollegeenrollmentsgoupeveryyear?A.

Manypeoplebelievethattheonlywaytosuccessisacollegeeducation.B.

Manyparentswanttheirchildrentogotocollege.C.

Highschoolteachersurgetheirstudentstogotocollege.D.

Everyyoungmanandwomanwantstogotocollege.（3）Bysaying"manypeoplegotocollegewhodonotbelongthere",theauthormeansthat

.A.manypeoplewhoarenotfitforcollegeeducationgotocollegeB.manypeoplewhodonothaveenoughmoneygotocollegeC.manypeoplewhogotocollegedropoutwithinthefirstyearD.manypeoplewhogotocollegehavetheirhopesdestroyed（4）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthorbelievesthat

.A.everyyoungmanandwomanshouldgotocollegeB.collegeeducationisabadthingC.peoplewithacollegeeducationshouldreceivehigherpayD.fewerpeopleshouldgotocollegewhilemoreshouldbetrainedforskilledjobs【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，通過調(diào)查告訴人們要改變傳統(tǒng)的觀念:應首先考慮選擇技術(shù)性的工作——因為它缺乏人才,待遇更高。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theoldgapthatwhite-collarworkersmakeabetterlivingthanblue-collarworkersnolongerholdstrue.Thelawofsupplyanddemandnowfavourstheskilledworkmen.”可推知白領工人以前比藍領工人賺的錢多,故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Parentsbeginindoctrinating(灌輸)theirchildrenwiththismythbeforetheyareoutofgradeschool.Highschoolteachersplaytheirpartbyactingasifhighschooleducationwereapreparationforcollegeratherthanforlife.Whethertheywanttogotocollegeornotdoesn'tmatter.Everybodyshouldgotocollege,soofcoursetheymustgo.”可知A,B,C三項正確,而D項不是大學入學人數(shù)增加的原因,故選D。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ofthesixtypercentofhighschoolgraduateswhoentercollege,halfofthemdonotgraduatewiththeirclass.Manyofthemdropoutwithinthefirstyear.Somestruggleonfortwoorthreeyearsandthengiveup.”可知作者列舉了三種情況,說明有些人不適合大學教育,故選A。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知,作者通過調(diào)查告訴人們大學教育的人才過多,而技術(shù)工人又非常缺乏,因而待遇反而更高;接著又分析了造成這種狀況的原因;最后還談到了很多學生上了大學卻因種種原因無法完成學業(yè)。所有這些都在暗示人們,上大學的人應該減少,而參加技術(shù)工作的人應該增多，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和句義猜測兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Idiomsareoneofthehardestpartsoflearningalanguage.Forthoseofyouwhodon'tknow,anidiomisaphrasewhichhasameaning,butthemeaningisnotclearfromthewordsthemselves.Ifyoutranslateanidiomwordforword,itsometimesmakesnosenseatall.Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfusedwhensomeoneusesaphrasethatthey'veneverheardof.Withthatinmind,herearefivecommonEnglishidiomsthatyoucanuseinavarietyofSituations.⒈Getyouracttogether(Meaning:youneedtoimproveyourbehaviour/work)

Thismightbesomethingyourteachersaystoyouifyouscorebadlyinanexamorifyoumisbehaveinclass.Youcanalsouseittotalkaboutpeopleingeneral.Forexample,ifyourfriendisbeingmeanornastyfornoreason,thenyoucantellthemthattheyneedtogettheiracttogether.⒉Pullyourselftogether(Meaning:calmdown)

Thisisasomewhatimpolitewayoftellingsomeonethattheyareoverreactingandthattheyneedtorelax.Onlyusethisifyouthinkthepersonyouarespeakingtoisgettingupsetoversomethinginsignificant.Ifyourfriendtellsyouthattheircloserelativehasdied,itisNOTthetimetotellthemtopullthemselvestogether.⒊I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:I'msick)

Yes,it'slongerandmoredifficulttosaythan'I'msick',butifyourEnglishteacherasksyouwhyyouhaven'tdoneyourhomework,heorsheismorelikelytoforgiveyouifyousaythatyouwerefeelingundertheweather.YoumaynothavedoneyourEnglishhomework,butyourteachermightbeimpressedthatyouknowhowtomakeeloquentexcusesinaforeignlanguage.⒋It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:it'seasy)

Idon'tknowwhythismeanswhatitdoes,butsometimesyoujusthavetoacceptthatEnglishpeopleuseweirdphrases.⒌Breakaleg(Meaning:goodluck!)

Thisisperhapsoneofthemostconfusingyetwell-knownEnglishidioms.Ifsomeonesaysthistoyou,donottakeoffenceorthinktheyarethreateningyou;theyarejustwishingyouluck.Itismostoftenusedforpeoplewishingsuccesstoactorsandactressesbeforetheyperformonthestage,butitcanbesaidinothersituations,too.

Allinall,learninganewlanguagecanbechallenging.It'sdefinitelynotapieceofcake,especiallywhentherearesomanyconfusingidioms.However,withenoughhardworkandinterest,youwillsucceedinnotime.Breakaleg!（1）Whichidiomisproperforyoutosaytoyourworriedclassmatewhoistotakepartinthe800-metreraceattheschoolsportsmeet?A.Getyouracttogether.B.Pullyourselftogether.C.Breakaleg.D.It'sapieceofcake.（2）Howshouldyourespondwhenyouhearyourdeskmatesay,"Iamfeelingundertheweather."A."What'swrongwithyou?"B."Don'tworry.Let'scall120."C."Getupandfinishyourhomework."D."Whydon'tyoutakeanumbrellawithyou?"（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutidioms?A.Theysometimesmakenosenseatall.B.Nativespeakershavetroubleunderstandingidiomssometimes.C.Idiomsarethehardestpartoflearningalanguage.D.Wecanguessthemeaningofanidiomfromthewordsinit.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，習語是學習語言最困難的部分之一，作者列舉了五個常見習語的用法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:it'seasy)意思是很容易，可知可以表達你對即將參加800米比賽的同學的擔憂，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:I'msick)可知，當你聽到你的同桌說“我感覺不舒服”時，你該怎樣回答。故選A。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfusedwhensomeoneusesaphrasethatthey'veneverheardof.”它們就像謎題一樣，當有人使用他們從未聽說過的短語時，甚至以英語為母語的人也會感到困惑?？芍xB?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Parentsdonotowe(欠)theirchildrenacollegeeducation.Iftheycanaffordit,theycancertainlysendthemtoagooduniversity.Buttheyneedn'tfeelguiltyiftheycan't.Whenchildrengrowupandwanttogetmarried,theirparentsdonotowethemanapartment.Theydonothavethedutytolookaftertheirgrandchildren,either.Iftheywanttodoit,itmustbeconsideredafavor,notanobligation.

Doparentsowetheirchildrenanything?Yes,theyowethemagreatdeal.Oneoftheirobligationsistogivetheirchildrenapersonalworth.Childrenwhoarealwaysmadetofeelstupidandunworthy,constantlycomparedwithbrighterbrothers,sisters,orcousinswillbecomesounsure,soafraidoffailingthattheywon'ttryatall.Ofcoursetheyshouldbeproperlycorrectedwhentheydowrong,butit'softenbettertoletchildrenlearntheirmistakesbythemselvesintime.Alltheirparentsshoulddoistotrustthem,respectthem,understandthemandgivethemchancestotryandfail.Theymustlearntostandfailure.Whencriticisms(批評)arereallyneeded,theyshouldbebalancedwithasmileandakiss.Thatisthewaychildrenlearn.

Parentsowetheirchildrenasetofsolidvaluesaroundwhichtobuildtheirlives.Thismeansteachingthemtorespecttherightsandopinionsofothers;itmeansbeingrespectfultoelders,toteachers,andtothelaw.Thebestwaytoteachsuchvaluesisbydeed.Achildwhoisliedtowilllie.Achildwhoseesnolaughterandnoloveinthehomewillhavedifficultylaughingandloving.Nochildaskstobeborn.Ifyoubringalifeintotheworld,youowethechildsomething.（1）Theauthorthinksparents________.A.shouldsendtheirchildrentocollegeB.shouldsupporttheirchildrenaftertheygetmarriedC.needtobuyanapartmentfortheirchildrenD.needn'tfeelguiltyiftheycan'tsendtheirchildrentouniversities（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obligation"inParagraph1mean?A.Right.B.Promise.C.Duty.D.Excuse.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldparentsdowhenchildrenmakemistakes?A.Understandthemandtellthemnottodothatagain.B.Letthemlearnthemistakesbythemselvesintime.C.Comparethemwithbrighterbrothersorsisters.D.Correcttheirmistakesimmediately.（4）Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?A.Thedutiesofparents.B.Thebestwaytoteachchildren.C.Thereasonwhychildrenfeelstupidandunworthy.D.Thereasonwhyparentsowetheirchildrensomething.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，就父母對子女真正的責任是什么進行論述，總結(jié)出父母真正要給予孩子的是個人價值和正確的價值觀，這才是父母真正的職責。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Parentsdonotowe（欠）theirchildrenacollegeeducation...Buttheyneedn'tfeelguiltyiftheycan't.”父母不欠子女大學教育......如果他們承擔不起大學教育，也不必感到內(nèi)疚，可知，作者認為，如果父母不能送子女上大學，也不必感到內(nèi)疚。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Iftheywanttodoit,itmustbeconsideredafavor,notanobligation.”如果他們想這樣做，就必須把它看作一種恩惠，而不是義務，這一句中的“favor”意為“恩惠、幫忙”相反意思應為“義務、責任”，所以可以判斷“obligation”應是“義務”之意，同時“obligation”和前一句“Theydonothavethedutytolookaftertheirgrandchildren,either.”他們也沒有義務照顧孫子孫女，這一句里的“duty”是近義詞，屬于詞義重現(xiàn)用法。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ofcoursetheyshouldbeproperlycorrectedwhentheydowrong,butit'softenbettertoletchildrenlearntheirmistakesbythemselvesintime.”當然，如果孩子做錯了，他們應該得到適當?shù)募m正，但是最好是讓孩子們自己及時地知道他們的錯誤，可知，當孩子犯錯時，父母應該讓孩子自己及時了解錯誤。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Parentsdonotowe（欠）theirchildrenacollegeeducation...”從父母送子女上大學，幫忙買房子或照看孫輩等瑣事引入主題，說明這些并不是父母真正的職責；以及第三段中的“Oneoftheirobligationsistogivetheirchildrenapersonalworth.”他們的義務之一是給孩子們個人的價值和最后一段中的“Parentsowetheirchildrenasetofsolidvaluesaroundwhichtobuildtheirlives.”父母有義務為孩子建立一套堅實的價值觀，并以此來構(gòu)建他們的生活?？芍?，父母真正要給予孩子的是個人價值和正確的價值觀，這才是父母真正的職責，所以文章主要講父母的職責。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Childrenshoulddohousework.That'sacontroversialidea,thoughnoteveryonewilladmitit.Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.

That'saproblem.Forstarters,houseworkisgoodforkids.Beingapartoftheroutineworkofrunningahouseholdhelpschildrendevelopanawarenessoftheneedsofothers,whileatthesametimecontributingtotheiremotionalwell-being.

Onesmallstudy,doneoveraperiodof25years,foundthatthebestpredictorforyoungadultssuccessintheirmid-20swaswhethertheyparticipatedinhouseholdtasksatage3or4.Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.

Butforallthattheirhelpmatters,fewkidsaredoingmucharoundthehouseatall.Inasurveyof1,000Americanadults,75percentsaidtheybelievedregularhouseworkmadekids"moreresponsible".Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.

Sportsandhomeworkarenotget-out-of-housework-freecards.Thegoal,afterall,istoraiseadultswhocanbalanceacaringroleintheirfamiliesandcommunitieswithwhateverlifetimeachievementgoalstheychoose.Houseworkteachesthatbalance.

Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?Acceptnoexcuses.Don'tworryifyoumustrepeatyourselfagainandagain.Ifyou'respendingmoretimegettingthechildtodothisjobthanitwouldtaketodoityourself,thenyou'redoingitright.Cananallowancehelp?Maybe.Butifyou'retryingtoteachkidstosharetheresponsibilityofahome,payingthemforroutinehouseworkisnottherightmessage.（1）Whatismostparents'problemwithchildrendoinghousework?A.

Theyareagainsttheidea.

B.

Theyfailtoputitintopractice.C.

Theydoubtthepossibilityofit.

D.

Theyarefindingexcusesfortheirchildren.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionthesmallstudy?A.

Tostatethereasonsforearlysuccess.B.

Togiveexamplesofsomesuccessfulpeople.C.

Toprovedoinghouseworkisbeneficial.D.

Tosuggestkidstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehavior.（3）AccordingtothesurveyofAmericanadults,howmanyofthemusedtodohouseworkaschildren?A.820.B.560.C.750.D.440.（4）Whydoestheauthorwritethelastparagraph?A.Tocriticizesomeirresponsibleparents.B.Todiscusstheimpactofagoodfamilyatmosphere.C.Toadviseparentstospendmoretimewiththeirkids.D.Toofferparentssomeadviceonassigningchildrenhousework.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者認為孩子應該分擔家務，這不僅有利于培養(yǎng)他們的責任心，而且能提升他們的幸福感。而且家務能夠讓孩子在家庭和社區(qū)中的關(guān)愛角色與他們選擇的任何終身成就目標之間取得平衡，文章最后說明一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務的建議。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Afewparentswilldeclarethattheirchildrenaretoobusyforhousework.Manymoreofusassignhousework,orsaywebelieveinthem,butthehouseworkjustdoesn'tgetdone.”一些父母會說他們的孩子太忙了，沒有時間做家務。我們中更多的人會分配家務，或說我們相信他們，但家務就是做不完?？芍贁?shù)家長覺得孩子學業(yè)太忙無暇做家務，但多數(shù)家長即便認為孩子該做家務，實際生活中也沒有很好地付諸實踐?？芍獙Υ蠖鄶?shù)父母來說讓孩子做家務存在的問題是他們沒有把它付諸實踐。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thoseearlysharedresponsibilitiesextendedtoasenseofresponsibilityinotherareasoftheirlives.”那些早期共同承擔的

責任擴展到了他們生活的其他領域?？芍恼略诘诙谓榻B了孩子做家務的好處，第三段用一項研究具體闡釋了第二段的內(nèi)容。該研究表明，孩子幼時做家務預示著成年后較早成功，因為做家務過程中培養(yǎng)出的責任感會遷移到生活的其他方面。可知作者提到研究是為了證明讓孩子做家務是有益的。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Yetwhile82percentreportedhavinghadregularhouseworkgrowingup,only56percentofthosewithchildrensaidtheyrequiredthemtodohousework.”然而，82%的人稱自己在成長過程中經(jīng)常做家務，而只有56%的有孩子的人稱自己需要孩子做家務。可知，參與調(diào)查的1000個人中，82%的人說自己成長過程中經(jīng)常做家務，即有820人小時候做過家務。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。最后一段中的“Whatshouldyoudowhengettingchildrentodohousework?”要讓孩子做家務時你應該做什么?，是本段的主題句，作者在本段就“如何讓孩子參與到家務事中”向家長提供了建議?？芍髡邔懙淖詈笠欢问墙o父母一些關(guān)于分配孩子做家務的建議。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Exercisehelpstokeepusingoodhealth.DoctorsattheAmericanHeartAssociationsuggestgettingatleast150minutesofproperphysicalactivityeveryweek.Manypeopleexerciseforafewminuteseverydayoreveryotherday.So,getting150minuteseveryweekiseasy.

Butwhataboutthosetimeswhenyouaresick?Ifyoudonotfeelwell,shouldyoukeepfollowingyourexercisehabit?Healthexpertsanswertheseandotherquestions.

EdwardR.LaskowskiisadoctorattheMayoClinic.Heandotherexpertshaveageneralruleofyesaboutexercisingwhenyouaresick.

Itisusuallyfinetoexercise,heexplains,ifyoursymptoms(癥狀)areall"abovetheneck".Thesesignsmayincludearunnynose,ablockednose,sneezingoraminorsorethroat.

GeralynCoopersmithisaphysicalfitnesstrainerwhohaswrittenseveralbooksonexerciseandnutrition.BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggesttakingabreakfromexercisingifsignsofyourillnessappear"belowtheneck".Payspecialattentiontosymptomssuchaschestcongestion,extremecoughorpaininthestomach.

Thereareothersymptomsthatcantellyoutoavoidexercise.Theyinclude:ahigherthannormalbodytemperature,asenseoffeelingextremelytired,andwidespreadmusclepain.

BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggestlisteningtoyourbody.Ifyoufeelreallybad,takeabreakandletyourbodyrest.Ifyoudon'tfeeltoobad,theseexpertsbothsuggestreducingtheamountofexercise.Forexample,ifyouusuallyrun,takeaquickwalkinstead.（1）Howlongshouldpeopledoexercisetokeephealthy?A.About150minutesperday.B.Around100minutesperday.C.Atleast150minutesperweek.D.Nomorethan100minutesperweek.（2）WhenwillEdwardR.Laskowskisaynotoexercise?A.Whenyourleftlegisbroken.B.Whenyouhavearunnynoses.C.Whenyouhaveablockednose.D.Whenyouhaveaminorsorethroat.（3）Whatisthemeaningof"listeningtoyourbody"inParagraph6?A.Becarefulwithyourcars.B.Learntotakeadviceofothers.C.Payattentiontobodysignals.D.Listentomusictokeephealthy.（4）Whatwillthewriterbelikelytoagreewith?A.Practicemakesperfect.B.Nothingseek,nothingfind.C.Putyourheartintoexercise.D.Actaccordingtoyourabilities.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，鍛煉有助于保持身體健康，但是在感覺不適的時候，要看具體情況：如果病癥出現(xiàn)在“頸部以上”的位置，通?？梢藻憻挘蝗绻“Y出現(xiàn)在“頸部以下”，請暫停鍛煉。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的"Exercisehelpstokeepusingoodhealth.DoctorsattheAmericanHeartAssociationsuggestgettingatleast150minutesofproperphysicalactivityeveryweek."可知，鍛煉有助于保持身體健康，美國心臟協(xié)會的醫(yī)生建議每周至少進行150分鐘的適當體育鍛煉，因此人們應該每周至少運動150分鐘才能保持健康。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggesttakingabreakfromexercisingifsignsofyourillnessappear"belowtheneck”可知，庫伯史密斯和拉斯科夫斯基博士都建議，如果你的疾病跡象出現(xiàn)在“頸部以下”，就應該暫停鍛煉。因此EdwardR.Laskowski不贊同在左腿骨折時運動。故選A。（3）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“Ifyoufeelreallybad,takeabreakandletyourbodyrest.Ifyoudon'tfeeltoobad,theseexpertsbothsuggestreducingtheamountofexercise.”可知，身體不適時應休息一下。如果不是非常不舒服，可以減少運動量。因此，"listeningtoyourbody”意為“聽從你的身體”，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“BothCoopersmithandDr.Laskowskisuggestlisteningtoyourbody.”可知，這兩個人都建議按照身體的舒適程度來決定運動與否以及運動量，作者并沒有提出反對和質(zhì)疑，即作者贊同二者的建議，故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，句義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Whyisitthatmanypeoplewhohavesufferedamajorshock,suchasdivorceordeathofafamilymember,seemtobeweakeragainstavarietyofmajorandminorillness?Onecommonideaamongpsychologistshasbeenthatpeoplecoulddealwithsufferingmoreeffectivelyiftheywereabletounderstandandacceptit.Indeed,manyexpertsstressthevalueofexpressingthoughtsandfeelingsconnectedwithupsettingevents.

Recently,ateamofmedicalresearchersstudiedthelinksbetweendescribingpsychologicallypainfuleventsandlong-termhealth.Inoneexperimenthealthycollegestudentswereaskedtowriteabouteitherpersonallydisturbingexperiencesorordinarytopicsoveraperiodoffourdays.Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.

Inanexperimentthatfollowed,anothergroupofhealthystudentsweregiventhefour-daywritingexercises.Somechosetowriteabouthighlypersonalandupsettingexperiences(includingloneliness,problemswithfamilyandfriends,andhealth).Whenquestionedimmediatelyafterwards,theysaidthattheydidnotfeelanybetter.However,theirbloodsamples(樣本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese"invaders".Thistrendcontinuedoverthefollowingsixweeks,whenanotherbloodsamplewastaken.Individualswhoshowedthebestresultswerethosewhowroteabouttopicsthattheyhadactivelykeptfromtellingothersabout.

Theresearcherssuggestedthatfailuretofaceuptopainfulexperiencecanbeaformofstressitself,andcanincreasethepossibilityofillness.Itfollows,then,thatactivelydealingwithamajorshockmakespossibleitsunderstandingandacceptance.Theanswerisnottosufferinsilence.Itmaynotalwaysbepossibletotalkaboutpersonalproblems,butwritingthemdownwillhelpthebodytofightdiseaseinthelongrun.（1）Inthefirstexperiment,thestudentswhowroteaboutpainfulevents________.A.startedtosufferpsychologicalproblemsB.enjoyedsharingtheirinnerthoughtandfeelingsC.werelesslikelytoseektreatmentforsicknessD.couldn'tdealwithsufferingeffectively（2）Peoplewhowroteaboutpersonalproblemsinthesecondexperiment________.A.hadmorebacteriaandvirusesintheirbloodB.haddecreasedfeelingsoflonelinessC.showedanimprovedwhitecellreactionD.didbetterintheirwritingtasks（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"invaders"referto?A.Thewhitecells.B.Bacteriaandviruses.C.Resistancetoillness.D.Thereactionandsensitivityofthecells.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.SufferingandHealthB.InnerThoughtsandFeelingsC.IllnessandHealthD.MentalIllnessandSocialAcceptance【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，心理學的研究表明，如果人們能夠理解并接受痛苦，人們就能更有效地應對它。許多專家認為將與令人不安的事件有關(guān)的思想和情感表達出來是十分重要的。不能面對痛苦的經(jīng)歷本身就可能是某種形式的壓力，也會增加患病的可能性。所以從長遠來看，不要默默忍受，說出來或者寫出來將有助于身體對抗疾病。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inthemonthsafterwards,studentswhohadchosentoshowtheirinnerthoughtsandfeelingsintheirwritingvisitedthehealthcenterforillnessmuchlessoftenthanthosewhohadwrittenabouteverydaytopics.”可知，在隨后的幾個月里，那些選擇在寫作中表達自己內(nèi)心想法和感受的學生，比那些寫過日常話題的人更少去看病。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,theirbloodsamples(樣本)takenbeforeandaftertheexperimentshowedevidenceofanimprovedresistancetoillness.Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruseshadincreasedtheirreactionandsensitivitytothese‘invaders’.”可知，在第二個實驗中寫下了個人問題的人顯示他們的白細胞對細菌和病毒的反應和敏感性增強了。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thewhitecellsthatfightoffbacteriaandviruses…”可知，白細胞是用來對抗細菌和病毒的，因此these"invaders"指的就是細菌和病毒這些“入侵者”。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。本文開頭提出觀點，如果人們能夠理解并接受痛苦，人們就能更有效地應對它。然后通過兩個實驗證明，將內(nèi)心的感受通過說或者寫的方式表達出來從長遠看會有助于身體對抗疾病。因此本文關(guān)注的話題是情感經(jīng)歷和健康的關(guān)系問題。選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Therearearound600,000vegans(素食者)intheUK.That'sjustover1%ofthepopulation—anamountexpectedtoincreaseto25%by2025.Andifthere'sonetypeoffoodthatBritslove,itisfastfood.PeopleintheUKloveitsomuchthattherewasa34%increaseinthenumberoffastfoodoutletsfrom2010to2018.It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.

Veganfastfoodhasbecomebigbusiness.AtJustEat,anonlinefooddeliverycompany,veganordersmorethandoubledin2018.Greggs,achainofhigh-streetbakeries,nameditsvegansausagerollthe"fastest-sellingproductinsixyears".AndbigfranchisessuchasMcDonald'sandKFChaveannouncedmeat-freechickennuggets(雞塊)tocomeinthefuture.

What's.drivingthispopularity?KatrinaFox,founderofVeganBusinessMedia,believesit'stheresultofthebreakingdownofstereotypes(成見)."Veganfoodisnolongerseenasabitoflettuceandlentils—youcaneatprettymuchanything".

It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.JohnMarulanda,ownerofMooshiesisaveganburgerbarinLondon—wantstoimplement"achangetoahealthyversionoffastfood.Something,heclaims,thatcomesasaresultoftheinherentnutritionalvalueoftheingredientstheyuse.

But,isveganfastfoodactuallyhealthy?AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays"nottoassume"thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem,buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.

Giventhecurrentgrowthinorders,thetrendforveganfastfoodisn'tlikelytodisappearanytimesoon,Health—wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany,thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.（1）What'sthemainideaofParagraph1?A.VegansintheUKareincreasing.B.Britishpeoplelovejunkfood.C.Eatingtoomuchfastfoodisbadforhealth.D.VeganfastfoodisbecomingpopularinBritain.（2）Whichmightbethereasonforthepopularityofveganfastfood?A.Itsuniqueflavors.B.Thechangeoflifepace.C.Itshealthbenefits.D.Itscolorfuldecorations.（3）WhatisAzminaGovindji'sopinionaboutveganfastfood?A.Itisnotsohealthy.B.Itismorevaried.C.Itismorenutritious.D.Itwillsoondisappear.（4）Whydomanypeopletendtoveganfastfoodaccordingtothelastsentence?A.Tokeepabalanceddiet.B.Forreligiousreasons.C.Outoftheloveforanimals.D.It'scheaperthanregularfood.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，素食快餐在英國越來越受歡迎，文章陳述了它受歡迎的潛在原因。于此同時，也有人認為素食快餐并沒有那么健康，可能人們選擇素食快餐是出于對動物的愛。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.”毫無以外，素食快餐也在增加，可知，本段主要講述隨著快餐在英國的增加，素食快餐也在增加，即素食快餐在英國變得越來越受歡迎。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.”它還聲稱對健康有益)可知，素食快餐流行的原因之一是對健康有好處。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays‘nottoassume’thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem.