2025年考研英語（二）閱讀理解高頻詞匯實戰(zhàn)演練：沖刺押題卷考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartAdirections:Readeachofthefollowingpassagescarefullyandselectthebestanswer(A,B,C,orD)foreachquestion.MarkyouranswerontheAnswerSheetbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.Youshouldspendabout20minutesonPartA.Passage1Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedconsiderabledebateregardingitssocietalimplications.ProponentsarguethatAIwillbeapowerfulengineforeconomicgrowth,automatingmundanetasksandfreeinghumanpotentialformorecreativeandstrategicendeavors.TheyenvisionafuturewhereAI-drivensolutionsoptimizeeverythingfromsupplychainstohealthcare,leadingtounprecedentedefficiencyandimprovedqualityoflife.However,criticsraiseurgentconcernsaboutpotentialjobdisplacementonamassivescale.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapable,theymayrenderentireprofessionsobsolete,exacerbatingincomeinequalityandnecessitatingsignificantsocietaladjustments.Theethicaldimensionisequallycomplex.Issuessurroundingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andtheverydefinitionofhumanagencyinanincreasinglyautomatedworlddemandcarefulconsiderationandrobustregulatoryframeworks.NavigatingthisintricatelandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesAI'sbenefitswhilemitigatingitsrisks,ensuringthetechnologyserveshumanity'sbestinterests.1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?2.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,whatpotentialbenefitdotheyforesee?3.WhatprimaryconcerndocriticsofAIhighlight?4.Theword"exacerbating"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:5.WhataspectofAIdevelopmentrequirescarefulconsiderationaccordingtothepassage?6.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestisneededtomanagetheimpactofAI?Passage2Inrecentyears,theconceptofsustainabilityhasmovedbeyondenvironmentalismaloneandnowencompassessocialequityandeconomicviability.Businesses,governments,andindividualsareincreasinglyrecognizingthatlong-termsuccessisinextricablylinkedtoresponsiblepractices.Forcorporations,thistranslatesintoadoptingsustainablesupplychains,reducingcarbonfootprints,andensuringfairlaborpractices.Governmentsplayacrucialrolethroughlegislationthatpromotesrenewableenergy,setsemissionstandards,andinvestsingreeninfrastructure.Onapersonallevel,consumersarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheirpurchasingdecisions,favoringproductswithminimalenvironmentalimpactandethicalproductionprocesses.Thisholisticviewofsustainabilitychallengesthetraditionalnotionofgrowthatanycost,advocatinginsteadforamodelthatbalancesprofitwithplanetandpeople.Achievingthisbalancerequirescollectiveaction,innovativesolutions,andafundamentalshiftinmindsettowardsamoreintegratedandresponsiblefuture.7.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?8.Accordingtothepassage,whatchangesarebusinessesmakinginresponsetosustainabilityconcerns?9.Whatresponsibilitydogovernmentshaveregardingsustainability,asmentionedinthepassage?10.Thephrase"holisticview"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:11.Whatdoesthepassagesuggesthaschangedaboutconsumerbehaviorrelatedtosustainability?12.Whatisthepassageprimarilyadvocatingforregardingeconomicmodels?Passage3Thedigitalrevolutionhasprofoundlyreshapedhowweaccessandconsumeinformation,fundamentallyalteringpatternsoflearningandknowledgeacquisition.Searchengines,onlineencyclopedias,andeducationalplatformshavedemocratizedaccesstovastamountsofdata,enablingindividualstolearnalmostanything,anytime,anywhere.Thiseaseofaccess,however,presentsitsownsetofchallenges.Thephenomenonof"filterfailure,"wherethesheervolumeofinformationmakesitdifficulttodiscerncrediblesourcesfrommisinformation,posesasignificantthreattocriticalthinking.Furthermore,theattentioneconomy,dominatedbyshort-formcontentandconstantnotifications,canfostersuperficialengagementratherthandeepunderstanding.Whiledigitaltoolsofferunprecedentedopportunitiesforcollaborationandglobalconnectivity,theyalsoriskisolatingindividualsinechochambersandpotentiallydevaluingtraditionalformsofeducationandexpertise.Navigatingthiscomplexdigitallandscapenecessitatesthedevelopmentofnewskills,suchasinformationliteracy,mediadiscernment,andthecapacityforsustainedfocus,toensurethattechnologyservesasatrueenableroflearningratherthanahindrance.13.Accordingtothepassage,howhasthedigitalrevolutionchangedinformationaccess?14.Whatchallengedoesthe"sheervolumeofinformation"present,asmentionedinthepassage?15.Theterm"filterfailure"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatriskdoesthe"attentioneconomy"pose?17.Whatnewskillsdoesthepassagesuggestarenecessaryinthedigitalage?18.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernregardingtheimpactofdigitaltoolsoneducation?PartBdirections:Youaregoingtoreadfourpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbysomequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youshouldspendabout15minutesonPartB.Passage4Intheheartofabustlingmetropolis,anoldlibrarystoodasaquiettestamenttoabygoneera.Itstoweringshelvescrammedwithvolumes,itshighceilingsadornedwithintricatemoldings,anditsfaintscentofagingpapercreatedanatmosphereofprofoundstillness.Fordecades,ithadbeenasanctuaryforscholars,students,andbooklovers,offeringarespitefromthechaosoutside.However,asthecitymodernized,thelibraryfacedanuncertainfuture.Attendancedwindled,fundingwascut,andthebuildingitselfrequiredextensiverepairs.Communityactivists,awareofthelibrary'sculturalsignificance,launchedacampaigntosaveit.Theyorganizedevents,collectedsignatures,andgarneredsupportfromlocalbusinessesandpoliticians.Theireffortsculminatedinasuccessfulfundraisingdrive,securingthenecessaryresourcestorestorethelibraryandadaptitsservicesforthe21stcentury,ensuringitremainedavitalhubforknowledgeandcommunityengagement.19.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?20.Whatproblemwastheoldlibraryfacing?21.Whatactionsdidthecommunitytaketohelpthelibrary?22.Whatisthelikelyoutcomementionedattheendofthepassage?Passage5Dr.AnyaSharmahadalwaysbeenpassionateaboutmarinebiology,butherresearchwashamperedbyalackofaccesstodeep-seaenvironments.Traditionalsubmersibleswereexpensiveandhadlimitedoperationaltime.Inspiredbytheuniqueswimmingabilitiesofcertainfish,Dr.Sharmabeganresearchingbio-inspiredengineering.Sheandherteamstudiedthefluiddynamicsoffishfinsanddevelopedanewtypeofunderwatervehiclewithadjustable,fin-likeappendages.This"finbot"waslighter,moremaneuverable,andcapableofsustaineddeep-seaexplorationthanconventionalequipment.Equippedwithadvancedsensorsandcameras,thefinbotallowedDr.Sharmaandhercolleaguestoobservepreviouslyinaccessibleecosystems,collectsamples,andgatherdatathatrevolutionizedtheirunderstandingofdeep-seabiodiversityanditsvulnerabilitytohumanactivities.Thefinbotrepresentedasignificantbreakthrough,openingnewfrontiersinoceanicresearch.23.WhatinitiallylimitedDr.Sharma'sresearch?24.WhatinspiredDr.Sharmatodevelopthenewunderwatervehicle?25.Whatadvantagedidthefinbothaveovertraditionalsubmersibles?26.WhatimpactdidthefinbothaveonDr.Sharma'sresearch?Passage6Thelocalfarmer,Mr.Henderson,hadalwayspridedhimselfonthequalityofhisapples.Forgenerations,hisfamilyhadfarmedthesameland,usingmethodsthatseemedalmostancientcomparedtotheindustrialpracticesofneighboringorchards.Hebelievedthatthekeytohisapples'superiortastelayinthefertilesoil,thegentleclimate,andthehardworkofhisfamily.However,asuddeninfestationofpeststhreatenedtodevastatehiscrops.Afterconventionalchemicaltreatmentsfailedtoprovideasolution,Mr.Hendersonsoughtadvicefromanoldfriend,auniversityresearcherspecializinginorganicfarming.Theresearchersuggestedintegratedpestmanagementtechniques,combiningnaturalpredators,croprotation,andtargetedorganicsprays.Reluctantlyatfirst,Mr.Hendersonimplementedthenewmethods.Tohissurprise,theywereeffective.Notonlydidthepestproblemdiminish,buthisapplesalsotastedevenbetter,reflectingthehealthoftheecosystemhehadhelpedtorestore.Hissuccessconvincedhimtosharehisrenewedcommitmenttosustainablefarmingwithotherlocalgrowers.27.WhatwasMr.Hendersonknownforbeforethepestinfestation?28.WhatproblemdidMr.Hendersonfacewithhiscrops?29.WhatadvicedidtheuniversityresearchergiveMr.Henderson?30.WhatpositiveoutcomeresultedfromMr.Hendersonadoptingthenewfarmingmethods?---試卷答案PartA1.B*解析思路：文章首段提出關(guān)于AI的爭議，第二段分別闡述了支持者和批評者的觀點(diǎn)。整篇文章圍繞AI的社會影響展開討論，B項“人工智能對社會的多種影響”最能概括主旨。A項“AI的技術(shù)發(fā)展”僅涉及一方面；C項“AI帶來的就業(yè)問題”是批評者的觀點(diǎn)之一；D項“AI的倫理問題”也是其中之一，但不夠全面。2.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“ProponentsarguethatAIwillbeapowerfulengineforeconomicgrowth,automatingmundanetasksandfreeinghumanpotentialformorecreativeandstrategicendeavors.”支持者認(rèn)為AI將是經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的強(qiáng)大引擎，自動化繁瑣任務(wù)，釋放人類潛力用于更有創(chuàng)造性和戰(zhàn)略性的工作。A項“推動經(jīng)濟(jì)增長”是對此的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。3.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“However,criticsraiseurgentconcernsaboutpotentialjobdisplacementonamassivescale.”批評者提出的緊急擔(dān)憂是大規(guī)模的潛在失業(yè)。C項“潛在的失業(yè)問題”與原文意思一致。4.D*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“exacerbatingincomeinequality”意為加劇收入不平等。A項“減輕”與文意相反；B項“增加”程度不夠；C項“隱藏”與文意無關(guān)；D項“加劇”符合語境。5.D*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“Issuessurroundingdataprivacy,algorithmicbias,andtheverydefinitionofhumanagencyinanincreasinglyautomatedworlddemandcarefulconsiderationandrobustregulatoryframeworks.”文中提到數(shù)據(jù)隱私、算法偏見以及在日益自動化的世界中人類代理權(quán)的定義等問題需要仔細(xì)考慮。D項“自動化世界中對人類代理權(quán)的定義”最能體現(xiàn)原文意思。6.A*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“NavigatingthisintricatelandscaperequiresabalancedapproachthatharnessesAI'sbenefitswhilemitigatingitsrisks,ensuringthetechnologyserveshumanity'sbestinterests.”文中建議采取平衡的方法，利用AI的好處，同時減輕其風(fēng)險，確保技術(shù)服務(wù)于人類的最大利益。A項“采取平衡的方法利用其好處并減少其風(fēng)險”是對此的概括。7.A*解析思路：文章首段提出可持續(xù)性現(xiàn)在包含環(huán)境、社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)三個維度。第二段分別闡述了企業(yè)、政府和個人的責(zé)任。第三段總結(jié)認(rèn)為這是一種更全面的方法。A項“可持續(xù)性概念的演變及其多方面含義”最能概括主旨。8.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“Forcorporations,thistranslatesintoadoptingsustainablesupplychains,reducingcarbonfootprints,andensuringfairlaborpractices.”企業(yè)將這意味著采用可持續(xù)的供應(yīng)鏈、減少碳足跡并確保公平的勞動實踐。A項“采用可持續(xù)的供應(yīng)鏈”是其中一項具體做法。9.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“Governmentsplayacrucialrolethroughlegislationthatpromotesrenewableenergy,setsemissionstandards,andinvestsingreeninfrastructure.”政府通過立法發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，該立法促進(jìn)可再生能源、設(shè)定排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并投資綠色基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。C項“通過立法促進(jìn)可持續(xù)能源發(fā)展”概括了政府的主要責(zé)任。10.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thisholisticviewofsustainabilitychallengesthetraditionalnotionofgrowthatanycost,advocatinginsteadforamodelthatbalancesprofitwithplanetandpeople.”這種可持續(xù)性的整體觀挑戰(zhàn)了不計代價的增長的傳統(tǒng)觀念，提倡一種平衡利潤與地球和人民的模式。B項“整體的、全面的看法”與原文“holisticview”意思相近。11.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第二句“Onapersonallevel,consumersarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheirpurchasingdecisions,favoringproductswithminimalenvironmentalimpactandethicalproductionprocesses.”在個人層面，消費(fèi)者對其購買決策越來越有意識，傾向于選擇對環(huán)境影響最小且生產(chǎn)過程符合道德的產(chǎn)品。B項“對購買決策更加有意識”是對此的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。12.D*解析思路：文章第三段明確指出要“advocatinginsteadforamodelthatbalancesprofitwithplanetandpeople.”提倡一種平衡利潤、地球和人民的模式。D項“平衡經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會和環(huán)境效益的模型”最能體現(xiàn)作者的主張。13.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段第一句“Thedigitalrevolutionhasprofoundlyreshapedhowweaccessandconsumeinformation,fundamentallyalteringpatternsoflearningandknowledgeacquisition.”數(shù)字革命深刻改變了我們獲取和消費(fèi)信息的方式，根本性地改變了學(xué)習(xí)和知識獲取的模式。A項“從根本上改變了我們獲取信息的方式”是對此的概括。14.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“Thephenomenonof"filterfailure,"wherethesheervolumeofinformationmakesitdifficulttodiscerncrediblesourcesfrommisinformation,posesasignificantthreattocriticalthinking.”“過濾失敗”的現(xiàn)象，即信息量巨大使得人們難以辨別可靠來源和虛假信息，這對批判性思維構(gòu)成重大威脅。B項“難以辨別信息真?zhèn)巍笔切畔⒘烤薮蟮囊粋€主要挑戰(zhàn)。15.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“filterfailure,wherethesheervolumeofinformationmakesitdifficulttodiscerncrediblesourcesfrommisinformation.”過濾失敗是指信息量巨大使得人們難以辨別可靠信息來源和虛假信息。B項“無法有效篩選和辨別大量信息”是對原文“filterfailure”的解釋。16.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第三句“Furthermore,theattentioneconomy,dominatedbyshort-formcontentandconstantnotifications,canfostersuperficialengagementratherthandeepunderstanding.”注意力經(jīng)濟(jì)，由短內(nèi)容形式和持續(xù)的通知主導(dǎo)，可以培養(yǎng)膚淺的參與而不是深入的理解。A項“導(dǎo)致對信息表面的淺層參與”是對此意思的概括。17.A*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Navigatingthiscomplexdigitallandscapenecessitatesthedevelopmentofnewskills,suchasinformationliteracy,mediadiscernment,andthecapacityforsustainedfocus,toensurethattechnologyservesasatrueenableroflearningratherthanahindrance.”在這個復(fù)雜的數(shù)字環(huán)境中導(dǎo)航需要培養(yǎng)新的技能，如信息素養(yǎng)、媒體辨別能力和持續(xù)專注的能力。A項“信息素養(yǎng)、媒體辨別能力和持續(xù)專注的能力”是文中提到的必要新技能。18.C*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段最后一句，作者擔(dān)心技術(shù)可能成為學(xué)習(xí)的阻礙而不是促進(jìn)者。C項“可能阻礙深度學(xué)習(xí)”最能體現(xiàn)作者的主要擔(dān)憂。19.A*解析思路：文章主要講述了市立圖書館面臨關(guān)閉的危機(jī)，以及社區(qū)如何通過努力使其得以保存并繼續(xù)服務(wù)。A項“關(guān)于一個老圖書館面臨關(guān)閉危機(jī)以及社區(qū)努力保存它的故事”最能概括主旨。20.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“However,asthecitymodernized,thelibraryfacedanuncertainfuture.Attendancedwindled,fundingwascut,andthebuildingitselfrequiredextensiverepairs.”隨著城市現(xiàn)代化，圖書館面臨不確定的未來。訪客減少，資金被削減，建筑物本身也需要大修。B項“訪客減少、資金被削減和建筑需要維修”是它面臨的問題。21.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Communityactivists,awareofthelibrary'sculturalsignificance,launchedacampaigntosaveit.Theyorganizedevents,collectedsignatures,andgarneredsupportfromlocalbusinessesandpoliticians.”社區(qū)活動家組織了活動、收集簽名，并從當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)和政治家那里獲得了支持。C項“組織活動、收集簽名并爭取支持”是社區(qū)采取的行動。22.D*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“securingthenecessaryresourcestorestorethelibraryandadaptitsservicesforthe21stcentury,ensuringitremainedavitalhubforknowledgeandcommunityengagement.”爭取到必要的資源來修復(fù)圖書館并調(diào)整其服務(wù)以適應(yīng)21世紀(jì)，確保它仍然是知識和社區(qū)參與的重要中心。D項“在21世紀(jì)繼續(xù)作為知識中心和社區(qū)參與的重要樞紐”是結(jié)尾提到的可能結(jié)果。23.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段第一句“Dr.AnyaSharmahadalwaysbeenpassionateaboutmarinebiology,butherresearchwashamperedbyalackofaccesstodeep-seaenvironments.”Dr.AnyaSharma一直對海洋生物學(xué)充滿熱情，但她的研究受到無法進(jìn)入深海環(huán)境的阻礙。A項“無法進(jìn)入深海環(huán)境”是限制她研究的原因。24.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第二句“Inspiredbytheuniqueswimmingabilitiesofcertainfish,Dr.Sharmabeganresearchingbio-inspiredengineering.”Sharma博士受到某些魚獨(dú)特游泳能力的啟發(fā)，開始研究仿生工程。B項“受魚類游泳能力的啟發(fā)”是她的靈感來源。25.D*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第三句“This"finbot"waslighter,moremaneuverable,andcapableofsustaineddeep-seaexplorationthanconventionalequipment.”這種“魚鰭機(jī)器人”比傳統(tǒng)設(shè)備更輕、更靈活，并且能夠進(jìn)行持續(xù)的深海探索。D項“能夠進(jìn)行更長時間、更靈活的深海探索”是它比傳統(tǒng)設(shè)備的優(yōu)勢。26.C*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“Equippedwithadvancedsensorsandcameras,thefinbotallowedDr.Sharmaandhercolleaguestoobservepreviouslyinaccessibleecosystems,collectsamples,andgatherdatathatrevolutionizedtheirunderstandingofdeep-seabiodiversityanditsvulnerabilitytohumanactivities.”配備了先進(jìn)的傳感器和相機(jī)，魚鰭機(jī)器人讓Sharma博士和她同事能夠觀察以前無法進(jìn)入的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，收集樣本并收集數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)徹底改變了他們對深海生物多樣性和其易受人類活動影響的理解。C項“極大地加深了對深海生物多樣性的理解”是魚鰭機(jī)器人對其研究產(chǎn)生的影響。27.A*解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“Thelocalfarmer,Mr.Henderson,hadalwayspridedhimselfonthequalityofhisapples.”當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)民Henderson先生一直以他的蘋果質(zhì)量為榮。A項“以蘋果質(zhì)量高而聞名”是他之前的情況。28.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段第一句“However,asuddeninfestationofpeststhreatenedtodevastatehiscrops.”然而，突然的害蟲infestation（侵害）威脅要摧毀他的莊稼。B項“害蟲侵害威脅要摧毀他的莊稼”是他面臨的問題。29.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theresearchersuggestedintegratedpestmanagementtechniques,combiningnaturalpredators,croprotation,andtargetedorganicsprays.”研究人員建議綜合蟲害管理技術(shù)，結(jié)合天然捕食者、作物輪作和有針對性的有機(jī)噴霧。C項“采用綜合蟲害管理技術(shù)，如天然捕食者、作物輪作和有機(jī)噴霧”是研究人員給出的建議。30.D*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“Notonlydidthepestproblemdiminish,buthisapplesalsotastedevenbetter,reflectingthehealthoftheecosystemhehadhelpedtorestore.”害蟲問題不僅減少了，他的蘋果嘗起來甚至更好，反映了他所幫助恢復(fù)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康。D項“害蟲問題減少，蘋果品質(zhì)提高”是采用新方法后的積極結(jié)果。PartBPassage419.A*解析思路：文章主要講述了市立圖書館面臨關(guān)閉的危機(jī)，以及社區(qū)如何通過努力使其得以保存并繼續(xù)服務(wù)。A項“關(guān)于一個老圖書館面臨關(guān)閉危機(jī)以及社區(qū)努力保存它的故事”最能概括主旨。20.B*解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“However,asthecitymodernized,thelibraryfacedanuncertainfuture.Attendancedwindled,fundingwascut,andthebuildingitselfrequiredextensiverepairs.”隨著城市現(xiàn)代化，圖書館面臨不確定的未來。訪客減少，資金被削減，建筑物本身也需要大修。B項“訪客減少、資金被削減和建筑需要維修”是它面臨的問題。21.C*解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“Communityactivists,awareofthelibrary'sculturalsignificance,launchedacampaigntosaveit.Theyorganizedevents,collectedsignatures,andgarneredsupportfromlocalbusinessesandpoliticians.”社區(qū)活動家組織了活動、收集簽名，并從當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)和政治家那里獲得了支持。C項“組織活動、收集簽名并爭取支持”是社區(qū)采取的行動。22.D*解析思路：根據(jù)最后一段“securingthenecessaryresourcestorestorethelibraryandadaptitsservicesforthe21stcentury,ensuringitremainedavitalhubforknowledgeandcommunityengagement.”爭取到必要的資源來修復(fù)圖書館并調(diào)整其服務(wù)以適應(yīng)21世紀(jì)，確保它仍然是知識和社區(qū)參與的重要中心。D項“在21世紀(jì)繼續(xù)作為知識中心和社區(qū)參與的重要樞紐”是結(jié)尾提到的可能結(jié)果。Passage