第4講議論文議論文是高考完形填空較難的一種文體，一般由三個要素組成：論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、結(jié)論。論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)形成一體，相互印證。有時(shí)作者為了使文章脈絡(luò)清楚，行文流暢，會使用一些連接詞，如：onthecontrary，allinall，inshort，generallyspeaking，worsestill，ontheotherhand，inconclusion，asaconsequence等。做題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀首句制勝，論點(diǎn)明確議論文類完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出論點(diǎn)，然后在各段的首句提出分論點(diǎn)。不同的論點(diǎn)提出方式①開門見山地提出論點(diǎn)，然后再通過具體的論據(jù)去說明論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)有時(shí)候既有正面的論據(jù)，也有反面的論據(jù)，最后總結(jié)全文。②導(dǎo)入式提出論點(diǎn)。先通過敘述生活中的一件具體的事情或描述生活中的現(xiàn)象，然后根據(jù)事情或現(xiàn)象所反映的問題提出自己的論點(diǎn)，再用具體的論據(jù)去說明自己的論點(diǎn)。③最后提出論點(diǎn)。有些議論文作者一開始僅僅是列舉生活中的現(xiàn)象，不表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是通過對具體現(xiàn)象的分析，最后得出一種結(jié)論。關(guān)注尾段尾段通常照應(yīng)論點(diǎn)Moreandmoreelectronicdevicesandservicesinourdailylifemeanwehavetoomanypasswordsandnumberstoremember.Passwordshelpusprotectour1andprivacy；however，theyalsobringusalotof2.EverydayIneedtoremembermuch3information.EverymorningI4mycellphone—itneedsapassword.IgettoworkandIhavetohave5mycomputerwithapassword.LikemanypeopleinBritain，Ihavetwobank6.Oneneedsafive-digitnumberandapassword；7needsasix-digitnumberandamemorableplacename.Ihaveanonlinesavingsaccountthatneedsadifferentpassword8thepasswordformybankaccount.9youneveruseacomputer，youcanbe10bythepasswordoverload.Lookinyourwallet.Youprobably11fourorfivecreditcards.Inthesedaysofchipandpin(個人識別碼)，thesearevirtuallyuselessifyoudonothavethemagicfour-digitnumbers.Thebanks12younottohavethesamenumberforallyourcards.Givemeabreak.AmIgoingtocarryfivedifferentrandomfour-digitnumbersinmyhead？13，I’mnotmemorygenius.I’vetriedsystemstohelpme14—suchasusingthenamesoffavoritefilmsormembersofmyextendedfamily，butnoneseemsto15.Sowhatisthesolution?Ifyouareatechnicalexpert，youcandownloada“passwordsafe”．Theseareprogramsthat16allyourpasswordssotheycanbeusedforaccessingsites.Theproblemisthatyoucanonlyusethisonyourhomecomputer，andifthatgets17youareintrouble.Someofthebanksarestartingto18customersa“dongle(適配器)”，whichisaportablepassworddevicethatplugsintoyourcomputer.Thisisanelectronicversionofwritingthepassworddownonapieceofpaper.The19isthatdonglescostmoneyandiftheoneyourbankgivesyoudoesn’tletyoustoreotherwebsites’passwords，youcould20carryingadozendonglesinyourpocket.Well，puttingallyourcashinaboxunderthebedneverseemssoattractive.1．A.health B．lifeC．wealth D．quality2．A.fun B．convenienceC．a(chǎn)dvantages D．troubles3．A.useless B．practicalC．valuable D．meaningful4．A.turnoff B．turnonC．turndown D．pickup5．A.controlover B．a(chǎn)ccesstoC．wordswith D．pityon6．A.passwords B．a(chǎn)ssistantsC．cards D．a(chǎn)ccounts7．A.another B．a(chǎn)nyC．theother D．neither8．A.with B．inC．from D．a(chǎn)bove9．A.Aslongas B．AsifC．Incase D．Evenif10．A.hit B．thrownC．a(chǎn)ttracted D．hurt11．A.send B．carryC．bring D．take12．A.have B．tellC．a(chǎn)llow D．make13．A.Aboveall B．InallC．Afterall D．Allinall14．A.remember B．operateC．recognize D．study15．A.work B．doC．a(chǎn)ct D．serve16．A.process B．destroyC．store D．create17．A.changed B．separatedC．raised D．stolen18．A.promise B．offerC．teach D．buy19．A.fact B．opinionC．rule D．problem20．A.endup B．turnupC．giveup D．makeup文本整體感知中心思想本文論述了密碼給我們的生活帶來的影響，一方面它保護(hù)了我們的財(cái)產(chǎn)和隱私，另一方面過多的密碼也會讓我們有記憶方面的困擾。論點(diǎn)theadvantagesanddisadvantagesofpasswords論據(jù)troublesomedifferentpasswords(Paras.2and3)；differentsolutions(Paras.4,5and6)結(jié)論theconclusion(Para.7)寫作目的Totellreaderssometroublesmanypasswordshavecausedandsomepossiblesolutions.技法九巧排除，降難度在掌握文章大意和細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，考生可以通過試填試題中的選項(xiàng)選出最吻合語境、最銜接語義的選項(xiàng)，這種解題方法被稱為“排除錯項(xiàng)”。真題體驗(yàn)(2020·浙江)...thetractorheadingtowardsthe44.motorway.Irandesperatelybutfailedto45.Itcrashedthroughawoodenfenceanddisappeared.45．A.takeoff B．catchupC．holdback D．getout技法十由熟詞，知生義一詞多義和熟詞生義是近幾年高考不斷出現(xiàn)的詞匯活用現(xiàn)象。備考時(shí)應(yīng)注意單詞本義以及根據(jù)詞根推斷單詞生僻意義。本文第15題考查的便是熟詞生義，work熟義是“工作”，此處是生義“起作用”。真題體驗(yàn)1(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)So45.insteadoftyinghimup，Ijustkeptacloseeyeonhim.It46—hedidn’tendupinthecreek.Mythree-year-old，however，did.46．A.worked B．happenedC．mattered D．changed真題體驗(yàn)2(2022·浙江1月)MsBurdeyney53thatshewashopingtodomorefortheresearchproject.“Ijustwanttobring54.lightintopeople’seyesandthisisjustthe55.beginning.Thereisstillalongwaytogo.”53．A.commented B．learnedC．reminded D．a(chǎn)ddedDoyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist？Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull1ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn’tacceptideaswhicharenot2onobviousfacts，andtherefore3toacceptauthorityastheonlytruth.Healwayschecksideas4andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto5asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon，thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford，wholivedbetweentheyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgesto6thatweshouldlearnscience7observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus，andhehimself8manyimportanttruths.Galileo(1564－1642)，9，wholivedmorethan300yearslater，wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly，F(xiàn)rance，Germany，andEngland，whobegantoshowhowmanyimportant10couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo，learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodies11morerapidlytowardstheearththansmallones，12Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo，goingtothe13oftheLeaningTowerofPisa，letfalltwo14stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItisGalileo’s15ofgoingdirecttonature，andprovingour16andtheoriesbyexperiment，whichhas17allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What18thosepeoplegoodscientists？FromtheexampleofGalileo，weknowclearlythat19scientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave20betterresults.1．A.use B．senseC．speed D．trust2．A.relied B．basedC．insisted D．centered3．A.refuses B．desiresC．intends D．regrets4．A.casually B．carefullyC．quickly D．priv