2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解沖刺押題：詞匯與閱讀理解實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Inthefollowingpassage,eachparagraphisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.TextTheadventoftheinternetanddigitaltechnologieshasfundamentallytransformedhowweaccess,consume,andshareinformation,bringingaboutunprecedentedconvenienceandconnectivity.However,thisdigitalrevolutionisnotwithoutitsshadows.Theeasewithwhichmisinformation—rangingfromfalsenewsarticlesandconspiracytheoriestodeliberatelycrafteddeepfakes—cannowspreadhasraisedseriousconcernsaboutitssocietalimpact.Whiletraditionalmediaoutletsonceservedasrelativelyreliablesourcesofinformation,thedemocratizationofcontentcreationhasblurredthelinesbetweenjournalism,opinion,andpurefabrication,complicatingthepublic'sabilitytodiscerncredibleinformation.Oneoftheprimarymechanismsthroughwhichmisinformationexertsitsinfluenceisbyexploitingcognitivebiases.Humansareinherentlysusceptibletomentalshortcuts,orheuristics,thathelpusmakesenseofacomplexworldquickly.Forinstance,theavailabilityheuristicleadsustooverestimatetheimportanceofinformationthatisreadilyavailableinourminds,oftenduetorecentexposureinmedia.Misinformationcampaignsfrequentlyleveragethisbysaturatingonlineplatformswithsensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,makingfalsenarrativesseemmoreprevalentandsignificantthantheyare.Similarly,confirmationbias—thetendencytoseekoutandfavorinformationthatconfirmsourpre-existingbeliefs—makesindividualsmorelikelytoacceptandsharemisleadingcontentthatalignswiththeirworldview,furtherentrenchingsocietaldivisions.Theeconomicincentivessurroundingdigitalcontentcreationanddistributionalsocontributetotheproliferationofmisinformation.Thealgorithmsthatpowersocialmediaandsearchenginesprioritizecontentthatgenerateshighuserengagement,suchaslikes,shares,andcomments.Thisoftenmeansthatsensationalist,controversial,oremotionallyprovocativecontent,includingmisinformation,tendstogoviralmuchmoreeasilythanfactualbutpotentiallylessengagingarticles.Furthermore,theriseofclickbaitjournalismandthebusinessmodelsofmanyonlineplatformsrelyonmaximizinguserattention,sometimesattheexpenseofaccuracy.Journalistsorcontentcreatorsmayresorttosensationalizingstoriesorfabricatingfactstoattractclicksand廣告revenue,understandingthattruthisoftenlessprofitablethanprovocation.Addressingthechallengeofmisinformationrequiresamultifacetedapproachinvolvingindividuals,platforms,andregulatorybodies.Onanindividuallevel,developingmedialiteracy—theabilitytocriticallyevaluateinformationsourcesandidentifypotentialbiases—isparamount.Thisinvolvesquestioningtheoriginofcontent,checkingformultiplecrediblesources,andbeingawareofone'sowncognitivebiases.Educationsystemscanplayacrucialroleinfosteringthesecriticalthinkingskillsfromanearlyage.Platforms,fortheirpart,musttakegreaterresponsibilityforcurbingthespreadoffalseinformation.Thiscouldinvolveimplementingbettercontentmoderationpolicies,improvingalgorithmictransparency,andusingtechnologytoflagpotentiallymisleadingcontent.However,thequestionofhowtostrikeabalancebetweenfreespeechandthepreventionofharmremainscomplexandhighlydebated.Technologicalsolutions,suchasfact-checkinginitiativesandthedevelopmentofalgorithmsdesignedtodetectandreducethereachofmisinformation,haveshownpromisebutalsofacelimitations.Automatedfact-checkingtoolscanquicklyverifyordebunkspecificclaims,yettheyoftenstrugglewithnuancedcontextandmaybeeasilycircumventedbyslightlyalteringfalsestatements.Detectionalgorithmscanidentifypatternsassociatedwithfakenews,butsophisticatedmisinformationcampaignscanadaptandevadesuchsystems.Moreover,thesetechnologicalapproachesdonotaddresstheunderlyingsocietalandeconomicfactorsthatfuelthespreadoffalseinformation.Ultimately,counteringmisinformationeffectivelyrequiresasustainedeffortthatcombinestechnologicalinnovationwitheducation,ethicalresponsibility,andpotentiallythoughtfulregulation.Questions:1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplesusceptibletomisinformation?3.Whateconomicfactorcontributestothespreadofmisinformationonline?4.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasanindividual'sroleindealingwithmisinformation?5.Whatarethelimitationsmentionedinthepassageregardingtechnologicalsolutionstomisinformation?6.Theword"democratization"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:7.Thephrase"entrenchingsocietaldivisions"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheroleofplatformsinaddressingmisinformation?9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacharacteristicofmisinformation?10.Thepassagesuggeststhatsolvingtheproblemofmisinformationis:PassageTwoTheconceptof"glocalization,"ablendof"globalization"and"localization,"referstotheadaptationofglobalproducts,services,ormessagestosuitlocalcultures,tastes,andpreferences.Whileglobalizationhasledtothewidespreadadoptionofstandardizedinternationalbrandsandpracticesacrosstheglobe,thesuccessofmultinationalcorporationsoftenhingesontheirabilitytoglocalizeeffectively.Thisinvolvesmorethanjusttranslatinglanguageorpackaging;itrequiresadeepunderstandingoflocalcustoms,consumerbehavior,andmarketdynamics.Thefailuretoadequatelyglocalizecanleadtocostlymisstepsandmissedopportunities,asseeninnumeroushigh-profilecaseswhereproductsormarketingcampaignsthatsucceededgloballyfailedlocally.Thefoodindustryprovidesacompellingexampleofglocalizationinaction.Internationalfast-foodchainsmustcarefullyadapttheirmenustocatertodiversepalates.WhileahamburgerandfriesmightbestandardintheUnitedStates,offeringonlyspicycurrywurstandd?nerkebabwouldbecommerciallyunviableinGermany.Similarly,Starbucks,theglobalcoffeegiant,modifiesitsmenutoincludelocalfavoriteslikematchalattesinJapanoreggbunsinTaiwan.Theseadaptationsdemonstratehowcompaniescanleveragetheirglobalbrandidentitywhilestillmeetingthespecificneedsandexpectationsoflocalconsumers.Glocalizationinfoodalsoextendstomarketing,withadvertisementsoftenfeaturinglocalcelebritiesorincorporatingculturalreferencesthatresonatewiththetargetaudience.Beyondconsumerproducts,glocalizationisalsoevidentintherealmoftechnologyandsoftware.Softwarecompaniesmustconsiderthelinguistic,cultural,andtechnicalrequirementsofdifferentmarketswhenlaunchingtheirproductsglobally.Forinstance,Microsoft'sdecisiontoincludefeatureslikethe"Faciemoji"keyboardinitsmobileappsformarketsinSoutheastAsiareflectstheregion'spreferenceforlocallydesignedemojis.Additionally,technologycompaniesoftenneedtonavigatevaryingregulatoryenvironmentsanddataprivacylaws.Google,forexample,hashadtoadaptitssearchalgorithmsandservicestocomplywithlocalregulationsindifferentcountries,suchasimplementingstrictercontentfilteringinChina.Theseeffortshighlighttheimportanceofunderstandingandrespectinglocallawsandnormswhenexpandingglobally.Thechallengesofglocalizationaresignificantandrequirecarefulstrategicplanning.Gatheringaccurateandnuancedmarketintelligenceiscrucialbutcanbedifficult,especiallyinrapidlychangingorpoliticallyunstableregions.Companiesmustalsodecidetheappropriatedegreeoflocalization—whethertomaintainalargelystandardizedglobalofferingortoadopthighlylocalizedstrategies.Thisdecisionofteninvolvestrade-offsbetweenmaintainingbrandconsistencyandachievingmarketrelevance.Furthermore,glocalizationrequiresaskilledworkforcethatpossessesbothinternationalexpertiseandlocalculturalknowledge.Buildingsuchteamsandfosteringacorporateculturethatvaluesbothglobalandlocalperspectivesareessentialforsuccessfulglocalizationefforts.Despitethechallenges,thebenefitsofglocalizationareundeniable.Bytailoringtheirofferingstolocalmarkets,companiescanenhancecustomersatisfaction,buildstrongerbrandloyalty,andultimatelyincreasemarketshare.Glocalizationalsofosterscross-culturalunderstandingandexchange,ascompanieslearnfromandadapttodifferentwaysoflife.Inanincreasinglyinterconnectedworld,theabilitytobalanceglobalstandardizationwithlocaladaptationwillbeakeydeterminantofsuccessforbusinessesoperatingacrossborders.Asthesayinggoes,"Thinkglobally,actlocally"—aphilosophythatencapsulatestheessenceofglocalization.Questions:11.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeycharacteristicofsuccessfulglocalization?13.Howdoesthepassagedescribetheroleofmarketinginglocalization?14.Whatchallengedoesthepassageidentifyregardingthecollectionofmarketintelligenceforglocalization?15.Theword"hinges"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:16.Thephrase"costlymissteps"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:17.Accordingtothepassage,whydidStarbucksmodifyitsmenuforJapan?18.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenglocalizationandregulatorycompliance?19.Theword"evident"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:20.Thepassagesuggeststhatasuccessfulglocalizationstrategyrequires:PassageThreeTheconceptof"darktourism,"alsoknownasgrieftourismormorbidtourism,referstothepracticeofvisitingsitesassociatedwithdeath,disaster,suffering,orhumantragedy.Whiletourismhaslongbeendrivenbythedesiretoexperiencenewcultures,landscapes,andhistoricallandmarks,darktourismoffersadistinctformofengagementthatconfrontsthedarkeraspectsofhumanexistence.Thisphenomenonhasgainedincreasingattentioninrecentyears,fueledbymediacoverageofglobalcrises,disasters,andhistoricalatrocities.Sitessuchaswarmemorials,concentrationcamps,executionsites,andlocationsofnaturaldisastersattracttouristswhoaredrawnbyamixofmorbidcuriosity,educationalinterest,andsometimesevenasenseofadventure.Themotivationsbehinddarktourismarecomplexandmultifaceted.Forsome,visitingthesesitesprovidesawaytoconfrontandprocesshistoricaltraumaorpersonalgrief.TheHolocaustMemorialinBerlin,forinstance,servesnotonlyasasiteforremembrancebutalsoasaplacewherevisitorscanreflectonthehorrorsofgenocideandtheimportanceofpreventingsuchatrocitiesfromrecurring.Othersaremotivatedbyadesireforeducationandunderstanding.ByvisitingsitesliketheChernobylExclusionZoneorthe9/11Memorial,touristscangainfirsthandinsightintotheconsequencesofnuclearaccidentsorterroristattacks,fosteringadeeperappreciationforthefragilityofhumanlifeandtheneedforglobalcooperation.Additionally,darktourismcanbedrivenbysocialandculturalfactors,suchasthedesiretoshareuniqueandunconventionaltravelexperienceswithfriendsandfamily.However,darktourismalsoraisessignificantethicalandpracticalconcerns.Criticsarguethatprofitingfromsitesassociatedwithhumansufferingismorallyproblematic,suggestingthatitcantrivializetragedyanddesecratesacredspaces.Thepotentialforcommercializationraisesquestionsabouthowtobalancetheneedforrevenuegenerationwiththerespectowedtovictimsandtheirfamilies.Forexample,thedevelopmentoftouristinfrastructurenearsiteslikeGroundZeroortheKillingFieldsofCambodiacancreateconflictsbetweenpreservingthesite'ssolemnityandaccommodatingvisitornumbers.Moreover,theinfluxoftouristscanplaceastrainonlocalresourcesandinfrastructure,potentiallyharmingtheverycommunitiesthathavebeenaffectedbytheeventsbeingcommemorated.Despitetheseconcerns,darktourismcanalsoserveconstructivepurposeswhenmanagedresponsibly.Itcancontributetohistoricaleducationandawareness,fosteringasenseofremembranceandsocialresponsibilityamongvisitors.Revenuegeneratedfromdarktourismcansometimesbereinvestedintoconservationefforts,preservationprojects,oreducationalprogramsrelatedtothesite'shistory.Forinstance,theproceedsfromtoursoftheTitanicwreckhavehelpedfundmaritimesafetyresearchandhistoricaldocumentation.Furthermore,darktourismcanprovideasourceofincomeforlocalcommunities,offeringemploymentopportunitiesandeconomicdevelopmentinareasthatmightotherwisestrugglewithtourism.Thekeyliesindevelopingsustainableandethicalpracticesthathonorthesignificanceofthesesiteswhileprovidingmeaningfuleducationalandemotionalexperiencesforvisitors.Theriseofdigitaltechnologyhasalsoinfluenceddarktourism,creatingnewopportunitiesandchallenges.Virtualrealitytoursandonlineplatformsallowpeopletoexperiencedarktourismsitesfromafar,potentiallyreachingaudiencesthatmightnotbeabletotravelinperson.However,thisdigitalengagementalsoraisesquestionsabouttheimpactofvirtualexposureonvisitors'understandingandemotionalresponsetotragedy.Whilevirtualtourscanprovideeducationalvalue,theymaylacktheprofoundemotionalimpactofexperiencingasitefirsthand.Astheworldcontinuestograpplewithglobalcrisesandhistoricaltragedies,darktourismwilllikelyremainacomplexandevolvingphenomenon,requiringongoingdialogueandcarefulmanagementtoensureitservesitspotentialeducationalandcommemorativepurposeswithoutexploitingortrivializinghumansuffering.Questions:21.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?22.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomemotivationsforpeopletoengageindarktourism?23.Whatethicalconcerndoesthepassageraiseregardingdarktourism?24.Howdoesthepassagedescribethepotentialpositiveimpactofdarktourismonlocalcommunities?25.Theword"multifaceted"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:26.Thephrase"confrontandprocesshistoricaltrauma"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialbenefitofvirtualrealitytoursinthecontextofdarktourism?28.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweendarktourismandhistoricaleducation?29.Theword"grapple"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:30.Thepassagesuggeststhatmanagingdarktourismeffectivelyrequires:---試卷答案PartA1.D解析思路：文章首段提出互聯(lián)網(wǎng)帶來(lái)的便利，第二段轉(zhuǎn)折指出其負(fù)面影響——虛假信息的傳播。第三、四段分別從機(jī)制和經(jīng)濟(jì)角度闡述虛假信息傳播的原因及應(yīng)對(duì)方法。第五段討論技術(shù)解決方案及其局限性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)綜合應(yīng)對(duì)。文章整體圍繞虛假信息問題展開，分析了其成因、影響及應(yīng)對(duì)策略，故主旨是虛假信息（或：misinformation）的挑戰(zhàn)及其應(yīng)對(duì)。A選項(xiàng)“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的便利”僅涉及第一段，不夠全面。B選項(xiàng)“虛假信息的傳播”是問題的一部分，不是文章的整體主旨。C選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)知偏差的影響”是原因之一，也不夠全面。2.B解析思路：文章第二段明確指出“Misinformationcampaignsfrequentlyleveragethisbysaturatingonlineplatformswithsensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,makingfalsenarrativesseemmoreprevalentandsignificantthantheyare.”（虛假信息運(yùn)動(dòng)常常利用這一點(diǎn)，通過(guò)在在線平臺(tái)上充斥煽情或情緒化的內(nèi)容，使虛假敘事顯得比實(shí)際更普遍、更重要。）這表明利用了“人們傾向于高估readilyavailableinformation（readilyavailableinformation指的就是easilyaccessibleinformation）”的認(rèn)知偏差，即可用性啟發(fā)式（availabilityheuristic）。同時(shí)，該段也提到了“confirmationbias（證實(shí)偏差）”，即人們傾向于尋找和偏愛符合自己既有信念的信息，這使得人們更容易接受和分享與自身世界觀一致的誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容。因此，認(rèn)知偏差（包括可用性啟發(fā)式和證實(shí)偏差）是人們?nèi)菀资艿教摷傩畔⒂绊懙脑颉?.A解析思路：文章第三段提到“Theeasewithwhichmisinformationcannowspreadhasraisedseriousconcernsaboutitssocietalimpact.However,thisdigitalrevolutionisnotwithoutitsshadows.Theeconomicincentivessurroundingdigitalcontentcreationanddistributionalsocontributetotheproliferationofmisinformation.”（虛假信息現(xiàn)在傳播得如此容易，引發(fā)了人們對(duì)其社會(huì)影響的嚴(yán)重關(guān)切。然而，這場(chǎng)數(shù)字革命并非沒有陰影。圍繞數(shù)字內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作和分發(fā)也存在經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)，這些激勵(lì)也助長(zhǎng)了虛假信息的泛濫。）緊接著解釋了經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)是如何工作的：“Thealgorithmsthatpowersocialmediaandsearchenginesprioritizecontentthatgenerateshighuserengagement,suchaslikes,shares,andcomments.Thisoftenmeansthatsensationalist,controversial,oremotionallyprovocativecontent,includingmisinformation,tendstogoviralmuchmoreeasilythanfactualbutpotentiallylessengagingarticles.Furthermore,theriseofclickbaitjournalismandthebusinessmodelsofmanyonlineplatformsrelyonmaximizinguserattention,sometimesattheexpenseofaccuracy.Journalistsorcontentcreatorsmayresorttosensationalizingstoriesorfabricatingfactstoattractclicksandrevenue,understandingthattruthisoftenlessprofitablethanprovocation.”（驅(qū)動(dòng)社交媒體和搜索引擎的算法優(yōu)先考慮能產(chǎn)生高用戶參與度的內(nèi)容，如點(diǎn)贊、分享和評(píng)論。這意味著，包括虛假信息在內(nèi)的煽情性、爭(zhēng)議性或情緒化內(nèi)容，比真實(shí)但可能不那么吸引人的文章更容易病毒式傳播。此外，點(diǎn)擊誘餌新聞的興起以及許多在線平臺(tái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式都依賴于最大化用戶注意力，有時(shí)以犧牲準(zhǔn)確性為代價(jià)。記者或內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作者可能會(huì)為了吸引點(diǎn)擊和廣告收入而夸大故事或編造事實(shí)，他們知道真相往往不如煽動(dòng)性內(nèi)容盈利。）由此可見，經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在于社交媒體和搜索引擎算法優(yōu)先考慮能產(chǎn)生高用戶參與度的內(nèi)容，這導(dǎo)致煽情、有爭(zhēng)議或情緒化的內(nèi)容（包括虛假信息）更容易傳播。這與A選項(xiàng)“在線平臺(tái)為了吸引用戶注意力而優(yōu)先傳播能產(chǎn)生高用戶參與度的內(nèi)容”相符。B選項(xiàng)“算法的設(shè)計(jì)缺陷”文中未直接提及。C選項(xiàng)“廣告收入的誘惑”是部分原因，但核心在于算法對(duì)“高用戶參與度”內(nèi)容的偏好。D選項(xiàng)“公眾辨別能力不足”是易受影響的原因，不是內(nèi)容傳播的經(jīng)濟(jì)驅(qū)動(dòng)因素。4.A解析思路：文章第四段明確指出“Onanindividuallevel,developingmedialiteracy—theabilitytocriticallyevaluateinformationsourcesandidentifypotentialbiases—isparamount.”（在個(gè)人層面，培養(yǎng)媒介素養(yǎng)——即批判性評(píng)估信息來(lái)源和識(shí)別潛在偏見的能力——至關(guān)重要。）并且建議“Educationsystemscanplayacrucialroleinfosteringthesecriticalthinkingskillsfromanearlyage.”（教育體系可以在幼兒時(shí)期就發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用，培養(yǎng)這些批判性思維能力。）這表明個(gè)人應(yīng)具備批判性思維能力，能夠評(píng)估信息來(lái)源和識(shí)別偏見。選項(xiàng)A“培養(yǎng)批判性思維和評(píng)估信息來(lái)源的能力”與原文意思一致。B選項(xiàng)“為平臺(tái)提供反饋”文中未提及。C選項(xiàng)“參與公共討論”雖然重要，但不是個(gè)人在應(yīng)對(duì)虛假信息時(shí)的首要角色。D選項(xiàng)“避免接觸網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息”與文章主旨相悖。5.C解析思路：文章第五段提到“Technologicalsolutions,suchasfact-checkinginitiativesandthedevelopmentofalgorithmsdesignedtodetectandreducethereachofmisinformation,haveshownpromisebutalsofacelimitations.”（技術(shù)解決方案，如事實(shí)核查倡議和旨在檢測(cè)和減少虛假信息傳播范圍的開發(fā)算法，顯示出前景，但也面臨局限性。）然后具體說(shuō)明了這些局限性：“Automatedfact-checkingtoolscanquicklyverifyordebunkspecificclaims,yettheyoftenstrugglewithnuancedcontextandmaybeeasilycircumventedbyslightlyalteringfalsestatements.”（自動(dòng)化事實(shí)核查工具可以快速核實(shí)或駁斥具體聲明，但它們通常難以處理細(xì)微的語(yǔ)境，并且虛假聲明可以通過(guò)稍作修改而輕易規(guī)避。）“Detectionalgorithmscanidentifypatternsassociatedwithfakenews,butsophisticatedmisinformationcampaignscanadaptandevadesuchsystems.”（檢測(cè)算法可以識(shí)別與假新聞相關(guān)的模式，但復(fù)雜的虛假信息運(yùn)動(dòng)可以適應(yīng)并規(guī)避此類系統(tǒng)。）“Moreover,thesetechnologicalapproachesdonotaddresstheunderlyingsocietalandeconomicfactorsthatfuelthespreadoffalseinformation.”（此外，這些技術(shù)方法并未解決助長(zhǎng)虛假信息傳播的潛在社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素。）因此，技術(shù)解決方案的局限性在于它們往往難以處理細(xì)微語(yǔ)境、容易被規(guī)避、無(wú)法應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜的虛假信息運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且未能解決根本的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素。C選項(xiàng)“無(wú)法解決根本的社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素”準(zhǔn)確概括了原文提到的關(guān)鍵局限性。A選項(xiàng)“自動(dòng)化工具效率低下”過(guò)于片面。B選項(xiàng)“算法容易被操縱”是其中一個(gè)局限，但不是全部。D選項(xiàng)“無(wú)法檢測(cè)所有虛假信息”是事實(shí)，但不是原文強(qiáng)調(diào)的核心局限性，原文更側(cè)重于其未能解決深層問題。6.B解析思路：文章第一段提到“Theadventoftheinternetanddigitaltechnologieshasfundamentallytransformedhowweaccess,consume,andshareinformation,bringingaboutunprecedentedconvenienceandconnectivity.However,thisdigitalrevolutionisnotwithoutitsshadows.Theeasewithwhichmisinformation—rangingfromfalsenewsarticlesandconspiracytheoriestodeliberatelycrafteddeepfakes—cannowspreadhasraisedseriousconcernsaboutitssocietalimpact.”（互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和數(shù)字技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)已經(jīng)從根本上改變了我們獲取、消費(fèi)和共享信息的方式，帶來(lái)了前所未有的便利和連接性。然而，這場(chǎng)數(shù)字革命并非沒有陰影。虛假信息——從虛假新聞文章和陰謀論到精心制作的深度偽造——現(xiàn)在傳播起來(lái)如此容易，引發(fā)了人們對(duì)其社會(huì)影響的嚴(yán)重關(guān)切。）這里的“democratizationofcontentcreation”指的是“信息創(chuàng)造民主化”，即數(shù)字技術(shù)使得每個(gè)人都可以輕易地創(chuàng)建和發(fā)布內(nèi)容，不再像過(guò)去那樣受到傳統(tǒng)媒體機(jī)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)格控制。B選項(xiàng)“普及化”能夠表達(dá)這種讓更多人有機(jī)會(huì)參與信息創(chuàng)造的意思。A選項(xiàng)“分散化”也有一定道理，但“普及化”更側(cè)重于機(jī)會(huì)的增多。C選項(xiàng)“商業(yè)化”和D選項(xiàng)“全球化”在文中沒有直接關(guān)聯(lián)。7.D解析思路：文章第二段提到“Misinformationcampaignsfrequentlyleveragethisbysaturatingonlineplatformswithsensationaloremotionallychargedcontent,makingfalsenarrativesseemmoreprevalentandsignificantthantheyare.Similarly,confirmationbias—thetendencytoseekoutandfavorinformationthatconfirmsourpre-existingbeliefs—makesindividualsmorelikelytoacceptandsharemisleadingcontentthatalignswiththeirworldview,furtherentrenchingsocietaldivisions.”（虛假信息運(yùn)動(dòng)常常利用這一點(diǎn)，通過(guò)在在線平臺(tái)上充斥煽情或情緒化的內(nèi)容，使虛假敘事顯得比實(shí)際更普遍、更重要。同樣，證實(shí)偏差——即人們傾向于尋找和偏愛證實(shí)其既有信念的信息——使得個(gè)人更有可能接受和分享與其世界觀一致的誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容，從而加劇社會(huì)分裂。）這里的“entrenchingsocietaldivisions”指的是“加深社會(huì)分裂”。D選項(xiàng)“加劇社會(huì)隔閡”準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這種含義。A選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)化社會(huì)共識(shí)”與文意相反。B選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)文化交流”與文意不符。C選項(xiàng)“導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)差距”文中未提及。8.C解析思路：文章第四段分析了應(yīng)對(duì)虛假信息的措施，包括個(gè)人媒體素養(yǎng)、教育體系、平臺(tái)責(zé)任和監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)作用。其中提到“Platforms,fortheirpart,musttakegreaterresponsibilityforcurbingthespreadoffalseinformation.”（平臺(tái)方面，必須承擔(dān)更大的責(zé)任來(lái)遏制虛假信息的傳播。）并且舉例說(shuō)明了平臺(tái)可以采取的措施：“Thiscouldinvolveimplementingbettercontentmoderationpolicies,improvingalgorithmictransparency,andusingtechnologytoflagpotentiallymisleadingcontent.”（這可能涉及實(shí)施更好的內(nèi)容審核政策、提高算法透明度，并使用技術(shù)標(biāo)記可能具有誤導(dǎo)性的內(nèi)容。）最后一段也提到平臺(tái)需要平衡freespeech（言論自由）和thepreventionofharm（防止傷害）。第五段提到平臺(tái)需要“implementingbettercontentmoderationpolicies”（實(shí)施更好的內(nèi)容審核政策）。這些信息表明，作者認(rèn)為平臺(tái)有責(zé)任采取措施限制虛假信息傳播，并且需要在使用算法和內(nèi)容審核方面更加負(fù)責(zé)任，同時(shí)要考慮言論自由的平衡。C選項(xiàng)“有責(zé)任采取措施限制虛假信息傳播，并在使用算法和內(nèi)容審核方面更加負(fù)責(zé)任”最符合原文作者的態(tài)度，即平臺(tái)需要承擔(dān)起重要的責(zé)任。9.E解析思路：文章在分析虛假信息的傳播機(jī)制時(shí)，提到了可用性啟發(fā)式（人們傾向于高估容易想到的信息）、證實(shí)偏差（人們傾向于尋找證實(shí)自己信念的信息）、算法對(duì)高參與度內(nèi)容的偏好（導(dǎo)致煽情內(nèi)容易傳播）、經(jīng)濟(jì)激勵(lì)（點(diǎn)擊率和廣告收入）、以及技術(shù)解決方案的局限性（無(wú)法解決根本的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)因素）。但沒有提到“情緒化反應(yīng)”（emotionalresponse）是虛假信息傳播的一個(gè)重要原因。A選項(xiàng)“認(rèn)知偏差”是文中明確提到的原因。B選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)利益”是文中第三段明確提到的原因。C選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)發(fā)展”是文中第五段討論技術(shù)解決方案時(shí)提到的背景。D選項(xiàng)“平臺(tái)算法”是文中第三段和第五段明確提到的因素。因此，E選項(xiàng)“情緒化反應(yīng)”是文中未提及的作為虛假信息傳播原因的選項(xiàng)。10.D解析思路：文章最后一段提到“Ultimately,counteringmisinformationeffectivelyrequiresasustainedeffortthatcombinestechnologicalinnovationwitheducation,ethicalresponsibility,andpotentiallythoughtfulregulation.”（最終，有效應(yīng)對(duì)虛假信息需要持續(xù)的努力，將技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、教育、倫理責(zé)任以及可能的審慎監(jiān)管結(jié)合起來(lái)。）這表明解決虛假信息問題是一個(gè)復(fù)雜且需要多方面合作的長(zhǎng)期任務(wù)。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)復(fù)雜且需要長(zhǎng)期努力的多方面任務(wù)”最能概括這種含義。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的技術(shù)解決方案”與文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的多方面努力和技術(shù)局限不符。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)由政府主導(dǎo)的任務(wù)”文中未提及。C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)主要由教育解決的問題”忽略了技術(shù)、平臺(tái)和監(jiān)管等其他因素。E選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)無(wú)法解決的根本問題”過(guò)于悲觀，與文中提出的應(yīng)對(duì)方法相悖。PassageTwo11.D解析思路：文章首段定義了“glocalization”是“globalization”和“l(fā)ocalization”的結(jié)合，即調(diào)整全球產(chǎn)品以適應(yīng)地方文化。第二段指出“Whileglobalizationhasledtothewidespreadadoptionofstandardizedinternationalbrands...thesuccessofmultinationalcorporationsoftenhingesontheirabilitytoglocalizeeffectively.”（全球化帶來(lái)了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化國(guó)際品牌的廣泛采用……跨國(guó)公司的成功往往取決于其有效實(shí)施本地化的能力。）第三段以食品行業(yè)為例說(shuō)明glocalization的實(shí)踐。第四段進(jìn)一步討論了glocalization的挑戰(zhàn)和好處。第五段總結(jié)glocalization在日益互聯(lián)的世界中的重要性。文章整體圍繞glocalization的概念展開，解釋了它的定義、重要性、實(shí)踐方式以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，故主旨是glocalization（或：全球化與本地化結(jié)合）在跨國(guó)經(jīng)營(yíng)中的重要性及其實(shí)踐。A選項(xiàng)“全球品牌的成功因素”只涉及部分內(nèi)容。B選項(xiàng)“本地文化對(duì)全球企業(yè)的影響”不夠全面。C選項(xiàng)“全球化面臨的挑戰(zhàn)”與文章主旨相反。12.B解析思路：文章第二段明確指出“Thesuccessofmultinationalcorporationsoftenhingesontheirabilitytoglocalizeeffectively.”（跨國(guó)公司的成功往往取決于其有效實(shí)施本地化的能力。）這表明有效的glocalization是跨國(guó)公司成功的關(guān)鍵。B選項(xiàng)“有效地適應(yīng)地方文化和市場(chǎng)”準(zhǔn)確地反映了原文的意思，即成功的關(guān)鍵在于glocalize（適應(yīng)本地化）做得好。A選項(xiàng)“全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化策略”與glocalization的含義相反。C選項(xiàng)“提供全球統(tǒng)一的產(chǎn)品”也不符合glocalization的定義。D選項(xiàng)“最大化全球市場(chǎng)份額”是企業(yè)的目標(biāo)，但不是glocalization本身。13.C解析思路：文章第三段提到“Softwarecompaniesmustconsiderthelinguistic,cultural,andtechnicalrequirementsofdifferentmarketswhenlaunchingtheirproductsglobally.”（軟件公司在全球推出產(chǎn)品時(shí)，必須考慮不同市場(chǎng)的語(yǔ)言、文化和技術(shù)要求。）并以Microsoft的“Faciemoji”鍵盤為例，說(shuō)明如何根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕M(jìn)行產(chǎn)品調(diào)整。接著提到“Additionally,technologycompaniesoftenneedtonavigatevaryingregulatoryenvironmentsanddataprivacylaws.”（此外，科技公司通常需要應(yīng)對(duì)不同的監(jiān)管環(huán)境和數(shù)據(jù)隱私法律。）這表明營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)需要融入當(dāng)?shù)匚幕兀ㄈ绠?dāng)?shù)孛?、文化參考）?lái)吸引目標(biāo)受眾。C選項(xiàng)“融入當(dāng)?shù)匚幕匾晕繕?biāo)受眾”概括了原文的意思，即營(yíng)銷需要考慮當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?。A選項(xiàng)“使用當(dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言”只是營(yíng)銷的一部分。B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)全球品牌形象”可能不是本地化營(yíng)銷的主要目的。D選項(xiàng)“提供折扣促銷”文中未提及。14.A解析思路：文章第四段提到了glocalization面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，其中提到“Gatheringaccurateandnuancedmarketintelligenceiscrucialbutcanbedifficult,especiallyinrapidlychangingorpoliticallyunstableregions.”（收集準(zhǔn)確而細(xì)致的市場(chǎng)信息至關(guān)重要，但在快速變化或政治不穩(wěn)定的地區(qū)尤其困難。）這說(shuō)明收集市場(chǎng)信息的困難在于信息需要既準(zhǔn)確又細(xì)致，并且這在一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)或動(dòng)蕩的環(huán)境中很難做到。A選項(xiàng)“難以獲取準(zhǔn)確且細(xì)致的市場(chǎng)信息”準(zhǔn)確概括了原文提到的挑戰(zhàn)。B選項(xiàng)“市場(chǎng)變化太快”是困難的部分原因，但不是核心。C選項(xiàng)“文化差異太大”也是困難的部分原因，但核心在于信息的“準(zhǔn)確性和細(xì)致性”。D選項(xiàng)“缺乏本地人才”文中未提及。15.D解析思路：文章第二段提到“Thesuccessofmultinationalcorporationsoftenhingesontheirabilitytoglocalizeeffectively.”（跨國(guó)公司的成功往往取決于其有效實(shí)施本地化的能力。）這里的“hingeson”意思是“取決于”、“系于”。D選項(xiàng)“取決于”能夠表達(dá)這種依賴關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)“取決于”也有類似意思，但“hingeson”更強(qiáng)調(diào)關(guān)鍵性依賴。B選項(xiàng)“依賴于”也有一定道理。C選項(xiàng)“建立在與...的聯(lián)系上”不夠準(zhǔn)確。16.E解析思路：文章第二段提到“Thefailuretoadequatelyglocalizecanleadtocostlymisstepsandmissedopportunities,asseeninnumeroushigh-profilecaseswhereproductsormarketingcampaignsthatsucceededgloballyfailedlocally.”（未能充分本地化可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致昂貴的失誤和錯(cuò)失的機(jī)會(huì)，正如許多備受矚目的案例所示，其中在全球取得成功的產(chǎn)品或營(yíng)銷活動(dòng)在當(dāng)?shù)厥×?。）這里的“costlymissteps”指的是“昂貴的失誤”。E選項(xiàng)“代價(jià)高昂的錯(cuò)誤”準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)了這種含義。A選項(xiàng)“嚴(yán)重的失敗”不夠具體。B選項(xiàng)“重大的損失”雖然相關(guān)，但“昂貴的失誤”更側(cè)重于具體的錯(cuò)誤行為。C選項(xiàng)“不必要的開支”也有一定道理，但不如“昂貴的失誤”貼切。17.C解析思路：文章第三段以Starbucks為例，提到“StarbucksmodifiesitsmenutoincludelocalfavoriteslikematchalattesinJapanoreggbunsinTaiwan.”（星巴克調(diào)整其菜單，包括在日本提供抹茶拿鐵或在臺(tái)灣提供蛋包飯等當(dāng)?shù)責(zé)衢T飲品。）緊接著解釋了原因：“Theseadaptationsdemonstratehowcompaniescanleveragetheirglobalbrandidentitywhilestillmeetingthespecificneedsandexpectationsoflocalconsumers.”（這些調(diào)整表明了公司如何在保持其全球品牌身份的同時(shí)，仍然滿足當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)者的特定需求和期望。）這表明星巴克調(diào)整菜單是為了滿足當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)者的口味偏好。C選項(xiàng)“滿足當(dāng)?shù)叵M(fèi)者的口味偏好”準(zhǔn)確概括了原文的原因。A選項(xiàng)“提高全球知名度”不是調(diào)整菜單的主要原因。B選項(xiàng)“增加廣告收入”可能是結(jié)果，但不是直接原因。D選項(xiàng)“吸引外國(guó)游客”文中未提及。18.C解析思路：文章第三段提到“Additionally,technologycompaniesoftenneedtonavigatevaryingregulatoryenvironmentsanddataprivacylaws.”（此外，科技公司通常需要應(yīng)對(duì)不同的監(jiān)管環(huán)境和數(shù)據(jù)隱私法律。）并以Google為例，說(shuō)明其需要調(diào)整搜索算法以符合當(dāng)?shù)胤ㄒ?guī)。這表明glocalization需要考慮并遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆珊头ㄒ?guī)。C選項(xiàng)“需要遵守當(dāng)?shù)氐姆珊头ㄒ?guī)”準(zhǔn)確概括了原文的意思。A選項(xiàng)“不受當(dāng)?shù)胤杉s束”與文意相反。B選項(xiàng)“可以忽略當(dāng)?shù)胤伞币才c文意相反。D選項(xiàng)“以全球法律為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”文中未提及。19.A解析思路：文章第三段提到“Softwarecompaniesmustconsiderthelinguistic,cultural,andtechnicalrequirementsofdifferentmarketswhenlaunchingtheirproductsglobally.”（軟件公司在全球推出產(chǎn)品時(shí)，必須考慮不同市場(chǎng)的語(yǔ)言、文化和技術(shù)要求。）這里的“evident”意思是“明顯的”、“顯而易見的”。A選項(xiàng)“明顯的”能夠表達(dá)這種含義。B選項(xiàng)“重要的”也有一定道理。C選項(xiàng)“相關(guān)的”不夠準(zhǔn)確。D選項(xiàng)“罕見的”與文意相反。20.D解析思路：文章最后一段總結(jié)指出“Astheworldcontinuestograpplewithglobalcrisesandhistoricaltragedies,darktourismwilllikelyremainacomplexandevolvingphenomenon,requiringongoingdialogueandcarefulmanagementtoensureitservesitspotentialeducationalandcommemorativepurposeswithoutexploitingortrivializinghumansuffering.”（隨著世界繼續(xù)應(yīng)對(duì)全球危機(jī)和歷史悲劇，黑暗旅游可能會(huì)繼續(xù)成為一個(gè)復(fù)雜且不斷發(fā)展的現(xiàn)象，需要持續(xù)的對(duì)話和謹(jǐn)慎的管理，以確保它在不利用或trivializing（貶低）人類苦難的情況下，實(shí)現(xiàn)其潛在的教育和紀(jì)念目的。）這表明成功的glocalization策略需要平衡全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和本地需求，并且要考慮當(dāng)?shù)匚幕褪袌?chǎng)。D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)需要平衡全球標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與本地需求，并考慮當(dāng)?shù)匚幕褪袌?chǎng)的策略”最能概括這種含義。A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)完全本地化的策略”與glocalization的含義不符。B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)以全球市場(chǎng)為主導(dǎo)的策略”也不符合glocalization的含義。C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)不考慮成本效益的策略”文中未提及。21.B解析思路：文章首段定義了“darktourism”是參觀與死亡、災(zāi)難、苦難或人類悲劇相關(guān)的地點(diǎn)的行為。第二段提到了參觀這些地點(diǎn)的原因，包括“morbidcuriosity（病態(tài)的好奇心）”、“educationalinterest（教育興趣）”和“asenseofadventure（冒險(xiǎn)感）”。第三段討論了黑暗旅游的倫理問題，如“profitingfromsitesassociatedwithhumansuffering”（從與人類苦難相關(guān)的地點(diǎn)獲利）和“trivializetragedy”（trivialize（貶低）悲?。?。第四段則探討了黑暗旅游的潛在積極影響，如“educationalandawareness-raisingpurposes（教育和提高認(rèn)識(shí)的目的）”、“conservationefforts（保護(hù)工作）”、“preservationprojects