2/22022~2023學(xué)年上學(xué)期大理州質(zhì)量監(jiān)測高二英語試題卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Giveagrouppresentation.B.Seekforanemptyclassroom.C.Occupytwoseatsinthelibrary.2.WhatpresentdidJanegiveLinda?A.Abackpack.B.Abirthdaycake.C.Arecord.3.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inagrocerystore.C.Inashoppingmall.4.Whydoesthewomanrefusetheman?A.Becauseshehasatest.B.Becauseheranklewasinjured.C.Becausesheneedstoattendalesson.5.What'sthematterwiththeman?A.Hecatchestheflu.B.Hedoesn'tgetenoughsleep.C.Heisworriedaboutaninterview.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7兩個小題。6.What'stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Sisterandbrother.C.Wifeandhusband.7.Howdoesthemanfeel?A.Indifferent.B.Excited.C.Nervous.聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9兩個小題。8.WhatistrueaboutInception?A.Itsplotisexcitingandthrilling.B.ChristopherNolanisoneofitscharacters.C.DomCobboncedreamedthathewasastealer.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthismovie?AIt'sworthatry.B.It'snotrecommended.C.Itmakesyououtofbreath.聽下面一段對話，回答第10至第12三個小題。10.Whatisthewomanunsatisfiedwith?A.Thelectures.B.Theprofessors.C.Theweather.11.Whereisthemannow?A.InLondon.B.InLosAngeles.C.InBeijing.12.Whenwillthewomanleave?A.OnMay13th.B.OnMay15th.C.OnMay22nd.聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16四個小題。13.Whatdoesthewomando?A.Sheisacareerconsultant.B.SheisaTV.programhostess.C.Sheisahumanresourcemanager.14.HowdoesBengivethepizzatohisfriends?A.Byexpressdelivery.B.Byinvitingthemforadinnerparty.C.Bydroppingthepizzafromtheapartmentwindow.15.WhocangetapizzafromBen?A.Peoplewhoareselectedrandomly.B.Peoplewhosendrequestsquickly.C.Peoplewhodonatealargesumofmoney.16.HowmuchhasBencollected?A.30,000dollars.B.500dollars.C.34,000dollars.聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至第20四個小題。17.WhichwaytogetadisabilityisNOTmentionedbythespeaker?A.Beingbornwithit.B.Acquiringitfromanaccident.C.Developingitfromanunhealthylifestyle.18.Whatisaseriousproblemcausedbydisability?A.Widespreadpoverty.B.Worldeconomiccrisis.C.Unemploymentofthedisabled.19.Howdidthevirtualschoolhelpthedisabledembracetheirdisability?A.Bypayingthemhighwages.B.Byhelpingthemrestorehumandignity.C.Byteachingthemusefultechnicalskills.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeech?A.Tomakeanadvertisementforthevirtualschool.B.Toappealtothepublictopayattentiontopeoplewithdisability.C.Togiveadvicetoorganizationsonhowtomakeaninvestment.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ATheInternationalBrainBeeTheInternationalBrainBeewasfoundedin1998byDr.NorbertMyslinskiwithamissiontobuildbetterbrainstofightbraindisorders.Sinceitsstart,theInternationalBrainBeehasinspiredthousandsofstudentstostudyandpursuecareersinneuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué)).TheInternationalBrainBeepromotesstudentengagementwithneurosciencethroughathree-tieredcompetition:studentsstartbysigningupforaLocalBrainBee,thewinnersofwhichcompeteintheircountry’sNationalBrainBee.Everyyear,NationalBrainBeessendonerepresentativetocompeteattheInternationalBrainBeeworldchampionship.OurGoalsTomotivatestudentstolearnaboutthebrainandtoinspirethemtopursuecareersinneurosciencesotheycanhelptreatandfindcuresforbraindisorders.TheIBBLogoTheBrainBeelogoconsistsofacombinationofabrainonthetopandabeeonthebottom,reflectingthename:thebrainforthemainfocusofthecompetition,andthebeeforthecomingtogetherforchallenging,educationalcompetition.Thestingerofthebeerepresentsthequill(羽毛)ortipofapen,thesignofintelligenceandeducation.Thetwopartsofthebrainalsoresemblethetraditionalsymboloftheheart,symbolizingpassionforourfellowman.2022IBBWorldChampionshipAnnouncement15-year-oldCanadianhighschoolstudentHeleneLiisthe2022InternationalBrainBee(IBB)WorldChampion.Secondplacewentto17-year-oldAnmolBhatiafromtheUSA,andthirdplaceto17-year-oldUgneBirstonaitefromLithuania.ThewinnerswereannouncedattheFederationofEuropeanNeuroscienceSocieties(FENS)Forum2022inParis,France.The11finalistsjoinedtheconferencestagebyZoomandwereintroducedbyspecialguestsandlastyear'sWorldChampionViktoriiaVydhzakfromUkraine.Tolearnmorehttps://thebrainbee.org/news/1.WhocancompeteattheInternationalBrainBeeworldchampionship?A.StudentswhowintheNationalBrainBee.B.StudentswhosignupforaLocalBrainBee.C.Studentswhoareinterestedinneuroscience.D.Studentswhoareselectedasrepresentatives.2.WhichofthefollowingmeaningsisNOTexpressedbytheIBBlogo?A.Thepassionforhumanbeings. B.Theappreciationfortraditionalsymbols.C.Thefaithforachallengingcompetition. D.Therespectforintelligenceandeducation.3.Wherewasthe2022IBBWorldchampionannounced?A.InCanada. B.InFrance. C.InUkraine. D.InLithuania.【答案】1.D2.B3.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了BrainBee腦科學(xué)大賽的概況、目標、圖標及2022年獲獎?wù)?。?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyyear,NationalBrainBeessendonerepresentativetocompeteattheInternationalBrainBeeworldchampionship.(每年，國家腦蜂會派出一名代表參加國際腦蜂世界錦標賽)”可知，只有被推選為代表才能參加國際腦科學(xué)大賽，故選D。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheBrainBeelogoconsistsofacombinationofabrainonthetopandabeeonthebottom,reflectingthename:thebrainforthemainfocusofthecompetition,andthebeeforthecomingtogetherforchallenging,educationalcompetition.Thestingerofthebeerepresentsthequill(羽毛)ortipofapen,thesignofintelligenceandeducation.Thetwopartsofthebrainalsoresemblethetraditionalsymboloftheheart,symbolizingpassionforourfellowman.(BrainBee的標志由頂部的大腦和底部的蜜蜂組成，反映了這個名字：大腦代表比賽的主要焦點，蜜蜂代表聚集在一起進行具有挑戰(zhàn)性和教育性的比賽。蜜蜂的刺代表羽毛或筆尖，是智慧和教育的標志。大腦的兩個部分也類似于心臟的傳統(tǒng)符號，象征著對我們同胞的激情)”可知，國際腦科學(xué)大賽的圖標表達了對人類的熱情，對一場具有挑戰(zhàn)性的比賽的信念以及對智力和教育的尊重。并不涉及對傳統(tǒng)標志的欣賞，故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThewinnerswereannouncedattheFederationofEuropeanNeuroscienceSocieties(FENS)Forum2022inParis,France.(獲獎?wù)呤窃诜▏屠枧e行的2022年歐洲神經(jīng)科學(xué)學(xué)會聯(lián)合會（FENS）論壇上宣布的)”可知，2022年國際腦科學(xué)大賽的冠軍是在法國宣布的，故選B。BZhengHaiqiangandNiDecongroseearlyonJan.24,beforethebreakofdawn,tomonitorHainangibbons(長臂猿).Afteraone-hourhike,theyheardtheanimalshowling,locatedtheirpositions,andexcitedlyfoundoneholdingababycub.Thereare20gibbonspeciesrecognizedworldwide,ofwhichsixareknowntocomefromChina.TheHainangibbonisthemostendangeredofthemallandoneoftheworld’srarestprimates.TheycanmainlybefoundinBawanglingNationalNatureReserveinChangjiangcounty,westernHainan,whichispartoftheHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark.Fortyyearsago,Bawanglingformedamonitoringteam,whichconsistsofforestrangersandexperiencedvillagers.Themembersofthemonitoringteam,likeZhengandNi,willgetupat4ameveryday.Scienceandtechnologyhelptoscopeoutandpredictlocationswheretheymaybeabletoobservethegibbons,andthenthey’llwaitforthemtostarthowlingataround6am,beforetakingphotosandrecordingthelivesofthegibbons.TheHainangibbonsareacriticallyendangeredandimportantflagshipspecies.Theyserveasanindicatorofthehealthandstabilityofthetropicalisland’sentireecosystem,accordingtoQiXunming,directoroftheEducationandPublicityDivisionofBawanglingBranchofHainanTropicalRainforestNationalParkAdministration.“IfthenumberofHainangibbonsincreases,itindicatesthatthelocalenvironmentishealthy,completeandfunctioningwell”,Qisays.Toeducatepeopleontheisland’sexclusiveresidents,exhibitionshavebeenheldinschoolsandcommunitiesacrosstheprovince.FromOct.24to31,ascienceexhibition,IntotheMysterious“GibbonUniverse”oftheBawanglingNationalNatureReserve-theFamiliarandUnfamiliarFactsofHainanGibbonswasheldatHainanLibrary.Withinteresting,vividandinformativepicturesandillustrations,theexhibitionpresentedthelivinghabitsandpopulationchangesofHainangibbons,aswellastheeffectsofconservationontheanimalanditshabitat.“Hopefully,withmoreeducationandpublicity,thenationalparkadministrationwillrecruitmoretalents,andyoungpeoplewitharelativelyhigheducationalbackgroundwilljointhemonitoringteam”,Qiadds.4.WhydidZhengandNigetupearlyonJan.24?A.Tofinishmountainhiking.B.Toregisterforamonitoringteam.C.TolocateandobservetheHainangibbons.D.TotakephotosofBawanglingNationalNatureReserve.5.WhatdoweknowaboutHainangibbons?A.Theirnumberaffectsthelocalenvironment.B.Theyarewell-protectedbythemonitoringteam.C.Theyarethemostendangeredofalltheprimates.D.Theyarecloselyrelevanttotheentirelocalecosystem.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Themonitoringteamishelpinglocalauthoritieswithexhibitions.B.Theadministrationwillputmoremoneyintotheconservationconstruction.C.MorepeoplewilltakeanactivepartinHainangibbons’protectioninthefuture.D.SchoolsandcommunitiespaidnoattentiontoHainangibbonsbeforetheexhibition.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.HainanGibbons:RarebutHelpfulCreaturesB.MonitoringTeam:HardbutMeaningfulWorkC.ScienceExhibitions:ApproachingtheHainanGibbonsD.BawanglingNationalNatureReserve:APlaceofBiodiversity【答案】4.C5.D6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。介紹了對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有重要意義的珍稀動物海南長臂猿。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ZhengHaiqiangandNiDecongroseearlyonJan.24,beforethebreakofdawn,tomonitorHainangibbons(長臂猿).Afteraone-hourhike,theyheardtheanimalshowling,locatedtheirpositions,andexcitedlyfoundoneholdingababycub.(1月24日黎明前，鄭海強和倪德聰早早起床，監(jiān)視海南長臂猿。經(jīng)過一個小時的徒步旅行，他們聽到了動物的叫聲，找到了它們的位置，興奮地發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一只海南長臂猿抱著一只幼崽)”及第三段“Scienceandtechnologyhelptoscopeoutandpredictlocationswheretheymaybeabletoobservethegibbons,andthenthey’llwaitforthemtostarthowlingataround6am,beforetakingphotosandrecordingthelivesofthegibbons.(科學(xué)和技術(shù)幫助他們確定和預(yù)測可以觀察到長臂猿的地點，然后他們會在早上6點左右等待它們開始嚎叫，然后拍照并記錄長臂猿的生活)”可知，兩人早起的任務(wù)是找到并觀察海南長臂猿，故選C。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四段“Theyserveasanindicatorofthehealthandstabilityofthetropicalisland’sentireecosystem,accordingtoQiXunming,directoroftheEducationandPublicityDivisionofBawanglingBranchofHainanTropicalRainforestNationalParkAdministration.“IfthenumberofHainangibbonsincreases,itindicatesthatthelocalenvironmentishealthy,completeandfunctioningwell”,Qisays.(據(jù)海南熱帶雨林國家公園管理局八王嶺分局教育宣傳處處長齊訓(xùn)明介紹，它們是熱帶島嶼整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康和穩(wěn)定的一個指標?！叭绻Ｄ祥L臂猿的數(shù)量增加，這表明當?shù)氐沫h(huán)境是健康、完整和運作良好的，”齊訓(xùn)明說)”可知，海南長臂猿與當?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)是緊密相關(guān)的，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Hopefully,withmoreeducationandpublicity,thenationalparkadministrationwillrecruitmoretalents,andyoungpeoplewitharelativelyhigheducationalbackgroundwilljointhemonitoringteam”,Qiadds.(齊訓(xùn)明補充道：“希望通過更多的教育和宣傳，國家公園管理局能招募到更多的人才，具有相對較高教育背景的年輕人將加入監(jiān)測團隊。”)”可推知，將來更多的人會參與到海南長臂猿的保護中，故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thereare20gibbonspeciesrecognizedworldwide,ofwhichsixareknowntocomefromChina.TheHainangibbonisthemostendangeredofthemallandoneoftheworld’srarestprimates.TheycanmainlybefoundinBawanglingNationalNatureReserveinChangjiangcounty,westernHainan,whichispartoftheHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark.(全世界已知的長臂猿有20種，其中有6種來自中國。海南長臂猿是其中最瀕危的物種，也是世界上最稀有的靈長類動物之一。它們主要分布在海南西部長江縣的八王嶺國家級自然保護區(qū)，該保護區(qū)是海南熱帶雨林國家公園的一部分)”結(jié)合文章介紹了對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有重要意義的珍稀動物海南長臂猿。故A選項“海南長臂猿：稀有但有益的生物”最符合文章標題。故選A。CDon’twishyourlifeaway,oryoumayendupgettingwhatyouwishedforalittlesoonerthanexpected.Bylookingatgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcellularaging,researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoareimpatientfaceagreaterriskofbiologicaldeclinethanthosewhoarealittlemoreeasy-going.Telomeres(端粒)aresequencesofDNAfoundattheendsofchromosomes(染色體)thatactasakindofprotectivecapforthegeneticinformationtheycontain.Eachtimeacelldivides,thesetelomeresbecomeslightlyeroded(削弱),eventuallybecomingsoshortthatthecellitselfisnolongerabletocontinuedividing.Assuch,telomerelengthprovidesameasureofcellularagingandisareliablepredictorofaperson’sriskofdiseaseandearlymortality.Knowingthattheerosionoftelomerescanbeincreasedbyanumberoffactorsthatcanbebroughtonbystress,suchasinflammation(炎癥),thestudyauthorssoughttodetermineifimpatiencecouldcontributetothisacceleration.Tomeasurethis,thestudyauthorsdesignedarangeofbehavioraleconomictasks,suchasaskingparticipantstochoosebetweenreceiving$100immediatelyoralargersumin30days.Byraisingandloweringthisamount,theresearcherswereabletodetermineeachparticipant‘sminimumacceptableamount(MAA),meaningthelowestsumofmoneytheywouldbewillingtowait30daystoreceive.Analyzingtheirdata,thestudyauthorsfoundthatthosewithahigherMAAtendedtohaveshortertelomeres,indicatinganegativecorrelationbetweendelaydiscountingandcellularaging.Interestingly,thiseffectwasfarmorepronouncedinwomenthaninmen,leadingtheresearcherstoconcludethat,onacellularlevel,femalesmaybemorelikelytoagefastasaresultofpsychologicalstressandimpatiencethanmales.Thoughtheresearchersadmitthattheycannotsayatthisstagewhethershortertelomerelengthcausesimpatienceorimpatienceacceleratestelomereerosion,theypredictthatthelatterismorelikely.Thisisbecausetheyfoundnoevidencethatshortenedtelomerelengthaffectedparticipants’abilitytomakerationaldecisionsregardinglonger-termfinancialinvestments.8.WhydoestheauthormentiontelomeresinParagraph2?A.Togiveanexampleofaging.B.Todrawattentiontopotentialhumandisease.C.Toanalyzethecauseofascientificphenomenon.D.Tointroducethebackgroundknowledgeofanexperiment.9.Whatdoesitmeanifaparticipant’sMAAishigh?A.Heislesslikelytoage. B.Heiswillingtowaitlonger.C.Hecanbedescribedasimpatient. D.Hewillgetlessmoneythanothers.10.Howdidscientistsdrawtheconclusion?A.Bypredictingthepossiblereasons.B.Byaskingparticipants'minimumacceptableamount.C.Bycomparingthepatiencelevelbetweenmalesandfemales.D.ByanalyzingtherelationbetweenMAAandthelengthoftelomeres.11.Whichsectionofamagazineisthispassagemostprobablytakenfrom?A.Finance. B.Science. C.Education. D.Culture.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了一項關(guān)于人類決策行為、生物學(xué)和經(jīng)濟學(xué)之間聯(lián)系的研究。研究者們試圖在人們的決策偏好和個體的細胞衰老之間建立關(guān)聯(lián)，以及通過細胞因子的分析獲得更多有關(guān)參與者的個人信息?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Telomeres(端粒)aresequencesofDNAfoundattheendsofchromosomes(染色體)thatactasakindofprotectivecapforthegeneticinformationtheycontain.Eachtimeacelldivides,thesetelomeresbecomeslightlyeroded(削弱),eventuallybecomingsoshortthatthecellitselfisnolongerabletocontinuedividing.Assuch,telomerelengthprovidesameasureofcellularagingandisareliablepredictorofaperson'sriskofdiseaseandearlymortality.(端粒是在染色體（染色體）末端發(fā)現(xiàn)的DNA序列，可作為它們所包含遺傳信息的一種保護帽。每次細胞分裂時，這些端粒都會被輕微侵蝕（削弱），最終變得如此之短，以至于細胞本身不再能夠繼續(xù)分裂。因此，端粒長度提供了細胞衰老的衡量標準，并且是一個人患病和早期死亡風(fēng)險的可靠預(yù)測指標。)”可知，作者提到端粒，是為了介紹該實驗的背景原理，故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Analyzingtheirdata,thestudyauthorsfoundthatthosewithahigherMAAtendedtohaveshortertelomeres,indicatinganegativecorrelationbetweendelaydiscountingandcellularaging.Interestingly,thiseffectwasfarmorepronouncedinwomenthaninmen,leadingtheresearcherstoconcludethat,onacellularlevel,femalesmaybemorelikelytoagefastasaresultofpsychologicalstressandimpatiencethanmales.(通過分析他們的數(shù)據(jù)，研究作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，MAA較高的人往往端粒較短，這表明延遲貼現(xiàn)與細胞衰老之間存在負相關(guān)關(guān)系。有趣的是，這種影響在女性中比在男性中更為明顯，導(dǎo)致研究人員得出結(jié)論，在細胞水平上，由于心理壓力和不耐煩，女性可能比男性更容易快速衰老。)”可知，在該實驗中，MAA高的人被認定為缺乏耐心的人，故選C項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Analyzingtheirdata,thestudyauthorsfoundthatthosewithahigherMAAtendedtohaveshortertelomeres,indicatinganegativecorrelationbetweendelaydiscountingandcellularaging.(通過分析他們的數(shù)據(jù)，研究作者發(fā)現(xiàn)，MAA較高的人往往具有較短的端粒，這表明延遲貼現(xiàn)與細胞衰老之間存在負相關(guān)關(guān)系。)”可知，科學(xué)家通過分析MAA和端粒長度之間的聯(lián)系得出結(jié)論，故選D項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是“Bylookingatgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcellularaging,researchersfoundthatpeoplewhoareimpatientfaceagreaterriskofbiologicaldeclinethanthosewhoarealittlemoreeasy-going.(通過觀察與細胞老化相關(guān)的遺傳標記，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，缺乏耐心的人比那些稍微隨和一點的人面臨更大的生物衰退風(fēng)險。)”可知，文章介紹了科學(xué)家們通過科學(xué)實驗驗證缺乏耐心是否會使人衰老這一問題，應(yīng)出自“科學(xué)”部分，故選B項。DNewYork,11July—Theglobalpopulationisprojectedtoreach8billionon15November2022,andIndiaisprojectedtosurpassChinaastheworld’smostpopulouscountryin2023,accordingtoWorldPopulationProspects2022,releasedonWorldPopulationDay.“Thisyear’sWorldPopulationDayfallsduringamilestoneyear,whenweexpectthebirthoftheEarth’seightbillionthinhabitant.Thisisanoccasiontocelebrateourdiversity,recognizeourcommonhumanity,andgetamazedatadvancementsinhealththathaveextendedlifespansanddramaticallyreducedmaternalandchildmortalityrates(孕婦及兒童死亡率),”saidUNSecretary-GeneralAntonioGuterres.Atthesametime,itisareminderofoursharedresponsibilitytocareforourplanetandamomenttoreflectonwherewestillfallshortofourcommitmentstooneanother,”headded.WorldPopulationProspects2022statesthatfertility(生育能力)hasfallenmarkedlyinrecentdecadesformanycountries.Today,two-thirdsoftheglobalpopulationlivesinacountryorareawherelifetimefertilityisbelow2.1birthsperwoman,roughlythelevelrequiredforzerogrowthinthelongrunforapopulationwithlowmortality.Thepopulationsof61countriesorareasareprojectedtodecreaseby1percentormorebetween2022and2050,duetosustainedlowlevelsoffertilityand,insomecases,increasingratesofemigration.“Therelationshipbetweenpopulationgrowthandsustainabledevelopmentiscomplexandmultidimensional,”saidLiuZhenmin,UNUnder-Secretary-GeneralforEconomicandSocialAffairs.“Rapidpopulationgrowthmakesremovingpoverty,combatinghungerandmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良),andincreasingthecoverageofhealthandeducationsystemsmoredifficult.Onthecontrary,achievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals,especiallythoserelatedtohealth,educationandgenderequality,willcontributetoreducingfertilitylevelsandslowingglobalpopulationgrowth.”12.Theunderlinedword“surpass”canbereplacedby______.A.overtake B.overlook C.overcome D.overwhelm13.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theconcernforglobalproblemsisasharedresponsibility.B.Theonlyfactorthataffectsthose61countries’populationsisfertility.C.Thefertilityhasbeendecreasinginrecentdecadesaroundtheworld.D.TheannualWorldPopulationDayisamilestoneforglobalinhabitants.14.Howcanwedescribetherelationshipbetweenpopulationgrowthandsustainabledevelopment?A.Criticalanddirect. B.Difficultandapparent.C.Urgentandambiguous. D.Significantandcomplicated.15.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thesharpdeclineoffertility.B.Thecurrentworldpopulationsituation.C.Thewaystoachievesustainabledevelopmentgoals.D.ThecelebrationofthebirthoftheEarth’seightbillionthinhabitant.【答案】12.A13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了當今世界人口形勢以及人口與經(jīng)濟的關(guān)系。【12題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后文“astheworld’smostpopulouscountryin2023”可知，印度預(yù)計將在2023年成為世界上人口最多的國家，說明印度的人口將超過中國，故畫線此surpass意為“超過”。故選A?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Atthesametime,itisareminderofoursharedresponsibilitytocareforourplanetandamomenttoreflectonwherewestillfallshortofourcommitmentstooneanother(與此同時，它提醒我們，我們有責任共同照顧我們的地球，并讓我們反思我們在哪些方面仍未履行對彼此的承諾)”可知，關(guān)注全球性的問題是我們共同的責任，故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Therelationshipbetweenpopulationgrowthandsustainabledevelopmentiscomplexandmultidimensional,”saidLiuZhenmin,UNUnder-Secretary-GeneralforEconomicandSocialAffairs.“Rapidpopulationgrowthmakesremovingpoverty,combatinghungerandmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良),andincreasingthecoverageofhealthandeducationsystemsmoredifficult.Onthecontrary,achievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals,especiallythoserelatedtohealth,educationandgenderequality,willcontributetoreducingfertilitylevelsandslowingglobalpopulationgrowth.”(聯(lián)合國負責經(jīng)濟和社會事務(wù)的副秘書長劉振民表示：“人口增長和可持續(xù)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系是復(fù)雜的、多維的。人口的快速增長使得消除貧困、對抗饑餓和營養(yǎng)不良以及擴大衛(wèi)生和教育系統(tǒng)的覆蓋面變得更加困難。相反，實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標，特別是與衛(wèi)生、教育和性別平等有關(guān)的目標，將有助于降低生育率和減緩全球人口增長?！?”可推知，人口增長和可持續(xù)發(fā)展相互聯(lián)系相互影響，它們之間的關(guān)系是重要且復(fù)雜的，故選D。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“NewYork,11July—Theglobalpopulationisprojectedtoreach8billionon15November2022,andIndiaisprojectedtosurpassChinaastheworld’smostpopulouscountryin2023,accordingtoWorldPopulationProspects2022,releasedonWorldPopulationDay.(紐約，7月11日——根據(jù)世界人口日發(fā)布的《2022年世界人口展望》，全球人口預(yù)計將在2022年11月15日達到80億，印度預(yù)計將在2023年超過中國，成為世界上人口最多的國家)”結(jié)合文章主要介紹了當今世界人口形勢以及人口與經(jīng)濟的關(guān)系。故這篇文章主要講了當前世界的人口狀況。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Nexttimeyougoonholiday,youmightfindyourselffeelingevenmoretiredthanusual.Whilethiscanoftenbeattributedtojetlag,therecanoftenbeotherreasonswhyyouneedtosleepmorethanusual.You’vegot“l(fā)eisuresickness”Youmayfindyourselfburningoutatworkrightbeforeyougoonholiday.____16____.Thisthenspreadsintobeachtime.Stresslevelsarefoundtomaketheimmunesystemlesseffective-whichsoundsaboutrightwhenyou’retryingeverythingupbeforeyouleavetheoffice.____17____.You’recatchingupwithsleepMostofusdon’tgetenoughsleepinourday-to-daylives.Soheadingonholidayandbeingallowedtosleepasmuchasyoulikecanbeacomfort.____18____,youcanforgetwhatitfeelslike.Lettingyourbodyrelaxandcatchuponthatmuch-neededsleepcanleaveyoufeelingmoresleepybecauseyou’rerealizingwhatyou’remissinginyoureverydaylifeintermsofsleep.You’reputtingyourbrainonhighalertYoumaynotfeelasrelaxedinaforeignbed,whichcancausetheleftsideofyourbraintostayalertfor“danger”.____19____.Ifyoutravelregularly,yourbraincangetbetteratlearningtoturnthatfunctionoff.____20____Ifyou’resomeonewhofindsithardtositaroundanddonothingonholiday,thenitmightbethatpackedjourneythathasgotyouyawning.Planningan8amsharpboattripfollowedbysightseeingbeforelunchandamuseumvisitintheafternooncanbeprettyexhausting.Ifyoucanspareatleastadayonholiday,you’llfeelfarlesstiredoftherestofit,whenyougetbacktoyourjam-packedjourney.AYouhaven’tfinishedyourplanB.You’redoingloadsofactivitiesC.Butifyouhaven’tbeenfullyrestedforawhileD.Thegoodnewsisthathumans'brainsareveryflexibleE.ItisbecauseyouhavesomuchworktogetfinishedbeforeyouleaveF.ThuspeoplewhoareofteninnewplacesmaynotnecessarilyhavepoorsleeponaregularbasisG.Thiscanalsobeappliedtogettingeverythingpackedpreparedandsortedbeforeyouleavethehouse【答案】16.E17.G18.C19.D20.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了人們?yōu)槭裁醇倨诜炊叫菹⒃嚼邸！?6題詳解】上文“Youmayfindyourselfburningoutatworkrightbeforeyougoonholiday.(在你去度假之前，你可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在工作中精疲力竭)”和E項“這是因為你在離開之前有很多工作要完成”構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，E項指出你在度假前感到疲憊的原因是有太多工作要做。故選E項?！?7題詳解】上文“Stresslevelsarefoundtomaketheimmunesystemlesseffective-whichsoundsaboutrightwhenyou'retryingeverythingupbeforeyouleavetheoffice.(人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，壓力水平會降低免疫系統(tǒng)的有效性，當你在離開辦公室之前嘗試一切時這聽起來是正確的)”和G項“這也同樣發(fā)生在當你準備好東西想要離開家去度假時”構(gòu)成句間并列關(guān)系，是上文內(nèi)容的承接。故選G項?！?8題詳解】上文“Soheadingonholidayandbeingallowedtosleepasmuchasyoulikecanbeacomfort.(因此去度假并且可以隨心所欲地睡覺就是一種安慰)”和C項“但如果你有一段時間沒有完全休息”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，且C項和下文“youcanforgetwhatitfeelslike(你可以忘記它的感覺)”構(gòu)成上下文內(nèi)容的承接。故選C項?！?9題詳解】上文“Youmaynotfeelasrelaxedinaforeignbed,whichcancausetheleftsideofyourbraintostayalertfor“danger”.(你在外國床上可能感覺不那么放松，這會導(dǎo)致你的大腦左側(cè)對“危險”保持警惕)”和D項“好消息是人類的大腦非常靈活”形成承接關(guān)系，前后句意連貫。故選D項。【20題詳解】下文“Planningan8amsharpboattripfollowedbysightseeingbeforelunchandamuseumvisitintheafternooncanbeprettyexhausting.(計劃早上8點乘船游覽，然后在午餐前觀光，下午參觀博物館，這可能會讓人筋疲力盡)”可知，當這個假期安排得很滿時，容易讓人疲憊，B項“你正在做大量的活動”是對本段內(nèi)容的概括。故選B項。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Itisasadstoryaboutcutehand-craftedanimals.BoredandlonelyChineseuniversitystudentshavegonecrazyaboutmakingcardboardpetsrecently.Inan____21____torelieveboredomandlonelinessofcampuscoronaviruslockdowns,studentsacrossthenationhavebegunmakinghandicraftanimal____22____outofrecycledcardboard.Thecrazehasledsomeonlinecommentatorstospeculate(推斷)thattheyoungpeopleinvolvedmayhavegonestir-crazy.Onlineobservers____23____whetherpaperpetscrazeisasignof____24____orasourceofspiritualcomfort.Amongotherpractices,students____25____theirhand-craftedpets—mainlydogs—attheirdormitorydoorsandtakethemforawalkwhengoingforlunchorPCRtests.____26____bydifferentspeciesintherealworldandpopularemojisonline,manystudentscreateddifferentlydesignedpaperanimalsandsharedthematschoolandonline.Havingspentthreeyearsundertheshadowof____27____Covidcontrols,manysaidthelatesthitcouldprovide“spiritualcomfort”.“Isawonlinethatmanypeopleweredoingthis,andmanyofmyclassmatestoo.And____28____,Ineedadogto____29____myheartwhenlivingoncampus,”astudent,surnamedGong,fromNorthwestUniversityinXi’ancitytoldlocalnewsportalcnwest.com.“Acardboarddogdoesn’tgetoldorfall____30____.Idon’tneedtotakeittothehospital.Also,itneedn’t____31____fromdisinfectionofalcoholanditwillalwayswaitformeatthedoor,”onestudentsaidonWeibo,____32____tothecommonpracticeofdisinfectingpets,whichhassometimesledtodeath,whentheirownerswereundercontrol.Thelatestcrazehasbeenmetwithmixedreactionsfromthepublic,withoneWeibousersaying:“Thesestudentsaregoingmadafterbeing____33____fortoolong.”“It’scutebut____34____,”saidanother____35____onTwitter.21.A.assist B.advance C.access D.attempt22