考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷29（共9

套）

（共180題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共25題，每題1.0

分,共25分。）

WithJapan'swelfaresystembucklingunderthedemandsofanageingsociety,the

world'soldestmanapologizedyesterdayforhislongevity.AsTomojiTanabe,111,

receivedhiscertificatefromGuinnessWorldRecords,theformerengineer,whonever

touchesalcohol,saidthathisfeatofsurvivalwasnothingspecial."Ihavebeenaround

toolong,"hejoked,"Iamsorry."Mr.Tanabeaddedhiscustomaryexplanationofhowhe

hasmanagedtoreachsucharipeoldage:"Notdrinkingalcoholisthebestformulafor

keepingmyselfhealthy,"hesaid.OtherresidentsofhisvillageattributedMr.Tanabe's

longlifetoadietthatconsistschieflyofvegetablesandverylittlefriedfood.His

explanationfuelsacontinuingmysteryabouttheidealformulaforlongevity—aseach

newholderofthetitleiscrowned,eachattributeshisorhersuccesstodiets,lifestylesand

habitsthatdifferwidely.Somehavesaidthatfreshairisthekey,othershavebeenheavy

smokers.Somehavetakenvigorousexercise,othershaveswornbyperiodsofinactivity.

TheMayorofMiyakonojo,thevillagewhereMr.Tanabeliveswithhisfamily,presented

thecertificatetoitsfamousresidentafternearlyfivemonthsofbirthdateverificationby

theGuinnessWorldRecordsteam.Mr.Tanabeunofficiallyinheritedthetitlewhenits

previousrecord-holder,EmilianoMer-cadodelToro,ofPuertoRico,diedinJanuary,

aged115.ThecrowningofMr.Tanabe,whowasborninthesouthernislandofKyushiin

1895,bringsthedesired"doubletrophy"backtoJapan.YoneMinagawa,wholivesinthe

samearea,is114andholdsthetitleofworld'soldestwoman.Japan'spopulationofthe

centenariansisthelargestintheworld.Mostofthe28,000Japanesewhohavemadeit

beyond100arewomenandthehighestconcentrationoftheveryelderlyisinthe

southernpart.TheareaaroundHiroshimaandtheislandofOkinawaareespeciallyrich

informer"world'soldest'titleholders.Thenumberofcentenarianshasrisen160-fold

sincerecordsbeganinthe1960s.AlthoughJapanisproudofitsrecord-breaking

longevity,thesuccessofMr.Tanabecomesasthecountryisrunningshortofideasfor

howtosolveitsageingcrisis.Withthefertilityratestillatrecordlows,governmentand

privatesectoreffortstostimulatethebirthratehavemetwithlittlesuccess.Asthenumber

ofchildrendecreases,thefuturewelfareburdenforworking-ageJapanesemaybecome

intolerablylarge.

1、Theword"buckling"(Para,1)mostprobablymeans.

A、shrinking

B、collapsing

C、expanding

D、diminishing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題buckling一詞之前是Japan'swelfaresystem,根據(jù)常識(shí)我

們知道日本的社會(huì)福利體系是比較規(guī)范完善的，結(jié)合buckling后面提到的日益老齡

化的社會(huì)，可以合理推斷這樣的社會(huì)人口結(jié)構(gòu)勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)福利體系造成巨大壓

力,可推斷buckle應(yīng)該有“重壓下崩潰”的意思，故選B項(xiàng)。

2、AccordingtoMr.Tanabe,whatcontributestohislongevity?

A、Aspeciallydesigneddiet.

ThefreshairinsouthernJapan.

C^Analcohol-freediet.

D、Amysteriousreason.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查因果細(xì)節(jié)。題干中contributeto詞組是因果關(guān)系信

號(hào)詞，即問Mr.Tanabe長(zhǎng)壽的原因，文中提到Mr.Tanabe向外界說明滴酒不沾就是

其長(zhǎng)壽的原因，故選C項(xiàng)。

3、Thestatement''bringthedesired'doubletrophy'backtoJapan"(Para.4)most

probablyimpliesthat.

A、theworld'soldestwomanisalsoJapanese

B、Mr.Tanabeishappytohavebeencrownedtheworld'soldestman

C、Japanfeelsproudtohavethelargestnumberofthecentenarians

D、oncetheworld'soldestmanandwomanwereJapanese

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)doubletrophy定位到第四段。該段提到日本現(xiàn)在

同時(shí)擁有全世界壽命最長(zhǎng)的男性和女性，使其重獲“雙冠”榮譽(yù)，據(jù)此推斷選D

項(xiàng)。

4、Itissuggestedinthelastparagraphthat.

A、womenlivealongerlifethanmeninJapan

B、theageingproblemisquitealarminginJapan

C、lowbirllualchasincreasedJapan'swelfaieburden

D、measurestostimulatebirthrateinJapanaresuccessful

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。答案在最后一段(后半部分)。轉(zhuǎn)折處(Allhough)常作為

考點(diǎn)。該段提到盡管日本為其破記錄的長(zhǎng)壽感到驕傲，但長(zhǎng)壽對(duì)于國(guó)家來說也是個(gè)

頭痛的事，故選B項(xiàng)。

5、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A、LongevityandWelfareSystem

B、TheWorld'sOldestMan

C、Japan:AnAgeingSociety

D、PhysicalSuccess,WelfareBurden

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。文章主要講述日本人在享受長(zhǎng)壽的同時(shí)社會(huì)福利體系面

臨巨大壓力，D項(xiàng)兩者兼顧，最為全面。

Howsoonyourperformancewillberatedmayinfluencehowwellyoudo,accordingtoa

newstudypublishedinthejournalPsychologicalScience.Inthestudy,researchersKeri

L.KettleandGeraldHaublfromtheUniversityofAlbertasetouttodeterminewhether

thetimingoffeedbackinfluencesperformance.Becauseearlierfeedbackmeansamore

proximatepossibilityofdisappointment,theresearchershypothesizedthatstudentstold

theywouldbelearningtheirgradesoonerwouldbemorelikelytoperformwell,

comparedwiththosewhowouldn'tfindoutiheirgradeuntillater.Of501siudenistaking

aparticularcourse,271agreedtoparticipateinthestudy.Allstudentswereassigneda

fourminuteoralpresentation,whichtheyhadtodeliverinfrontofabout10classmates.

Theirperformancewasrankedonascaleof1-10byclassmates,andtheaverageofthose

scoresmadeuptheirgradefortheassignment.Priortogivingtheiroralpresentation,

studyparticipantswereaskedtopredicthowwelltheywoulddo,andwerealsotoldhow

soontheywouldlearntheirgrade.Theresearchersfoundthatstudyparticipantswho'd

beentoldtheywouldbegiventheirscoresearlierperformedfarbetterthanthosetold

they'dreceivetheirscoreslater.What'smore,despitethefactthat,onaverage,students

whoanticipatedfindingouthowthey'ddoneearliersignificantlyoutperformed

classmateswhoweregiventheirscoreslater,theyweremorelikelytopredictlowmarks

forthemselves.Incontrast,thosewhoweretoldtheywouldn'tlearntheirscoresuntil

laterweremorelikelytopredictveryhighmarks—whichtheyseldomactuallywenton

toearn.Asacontrol,theresearchersalsoassessedthescoresofthe230studentswhohad

declinedtoparticipateinthestudy.Whilestudentswiththeearliestfeedbackscoredin

the60thpercentileonaverage,andthosewiththelatestfeedbackscoredinthe40th

percentileonaverage,thosenotincludedinthestudy(andwhosefeedbacktimehadn't

beenmanipulated)consistentlyscoredinthe50thpercentile.Thefindingssuggestthat

"mereanticipationofmorerapidfeedbackimprovesperformance,"theauthorsconclude,

andthat,interestingly,proximityoffeedbackinfluencespredictedperformanceand

actualperformancedifferently.Astheauthorssumup:"Peopledobestpreciselywhen

theirpredictionsabouttheirownperformanceareleastoptimistic."Theinfluenceof

feedbackanticipationonperformancehasimplicationsbeyondtheclassroomaswell,the

researchersargue—inthewaythatmanagersrespondtoemployeework,forexample,or

maybeevenhowMomandDadsizeuphowcleanthatroomis.Thefindings,Kettleand

Haublconclude,"haveimportantpracticalimplicationsforallindividualswhoare

responsibleformentoringandforevaluatingtheperformanceofothers."

6、AccordingtoParagraph1,researchersputforwardsuchahypothesisbecause.

A、feedbackandperformancearerelated

B、thetimingoffeedbackaffectsperformance

C、feedbackmaycausedisappointment

D、feedbackevaluatesone'sperformance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。題干中的because對(duì)應(yīng)的就是第一段第三句的

Because,由于回饋越快，失望的可能性越大，因而研究者提出了假設(shè)，C項(xiàng)符合

題意。

7、Inparagraph2,theauthordescribes

A、theexperimentdesign

B、processoftheexperiment

C^participantsandtheirtasks

D、evaluationofperformance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題V第二段談到了試驗(yàn)的人數(shù)、流程、參與者的任務(wù)等基本

情況，A項(xiàng)的表述涵蓋所有內(nèi)容，為答案。

8、Participantswhoaretoldtheywillbegiventheirscoresearlier.

A^underperformthosewhoaretoldlater

B、performworsethantheypredict

C^areleastoptimisticatmakingprediction

D^seldomearnthemarkstheypredict

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干就被告知較早知道成績(jī)的參與者提問，該段第二句

表明試驗(yàn)結(jié)論有兩個(gè)：一、得知能較早知道成績(jī)的學(xué)生表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于較晚知道成績(jī)的學(xué)

生；二、他們對(duì)自己預(yù)測(cè)較低，故C項(xiàng)為答案。

9、Thesignificanceofthefindingsliesinthat.

A、mereanticipationofmorerapidfeedbackimprovesperformance

B、theycanalsobeappliedtoevaluationofperformanceindailylife

C、feedbackinfluencespredictedandactualperformancedifferently

D、theycanbeusedtoimprovestudents'performanceinclassroom

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第四段第三句提到的implicaiion意思等同于問題中的

significance。該段說研究反饋對(duì)表現(xiàn)的影響意義不僅限于教室，并舉出日常生活的

實(shí)例加以說明，可見B項(xiàng)為答案。

10、Thetextintendstotellus.

A、theimpactoffeedbacklimingandperformance

B、therelationsbetweenfeedbackandperformance

C>thefindingsaboutfeedbacktimingandperformance

D、theefleetsoffeedbacktimingonperlormance

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：歸納總結(jié)題。本文主要討論的是回饋速度對(duì)表現(xiàn)的影響，并提出反饋

越快，表現(xiàn)可能越好的結(jié)論。故D項(xiàng)為答案。

Anecdotalevidencehaslongheldthatcreativityinartistsandwriterscanbeassociated

withlivinginforeignpai(s.RudyaidKipling,PabloPicasso,ErnestHemingway,Paul

Gauguin,SamuelBeckettandothersspentyearsdwellingabroad.Nowapairof

psychologistshasprovedthatthereisindeedalink.AstheyreportintheJournalof

PersonalityandSocialPsychology,WilliamMadduxofINSEAD,abusinessschoolin

Fontainebleau,France,andAdamGalinsky,oftheKelloggSchoolofManagementin

Chicago,presented155Americanbusinessstudentsand55foreignonesstudyingin

Americawithatestusedbypsychologistsasameasureofcreativity.Givenacandle,

somematchesandaboxofdrawingpins,thestudentswereaskedtoattachthecandletoa

cardboardwallsothatnowaxwoulddriponthefloorwhenthecandlewaslit.(The

solutionistousetheboxasacandleholderandfixittothewallwiththepins.)They

found60%ofstudentswhowereeitherlivingabroadorhadspentsometimedoingso,

solvedtheproblem,whereasonly42%ofthosewhohadnotlivedabroaddidso.A

follow-upstudywith72Americansand36foreignersexploredtheircreativenegotiating

skills.Pairsofstudentswereaskedtoplaytheroleofasellerofapetrolstationwhothen

neededtogetajobandabuyerwhowouldneedtohirestafftorunthebusiness.Thetwo

werelikelytoreachadeadlockbecausethebuyerhadbeentoldhecouldnotaffordwhat

thesellerwastoldwashisminimumprice.Nevertheless,wherebothnegotiatorshad

livedabroad70%struckadealinwhichthesellerwasofferedamanagementjobatthe

petrolstationinreturnforaloweraskingprice.Whenneitherofthenegotiatorshadlived

abroad,nonewasabletoreachadeal.Tocheckthattheyhadnotmerelydiscoveredthat

creativepeoplearemorelikelytochoosetoliveabroad,DrMadduxandDrGalinsky

identifiedandmeasuredpersonalitytraits,suchasopennesstonewexperiences,thatare

knowntopredictcreativity.Theythenusedstatisticalcontrolstofilleroutsuchfactors.

Evenafterthathadbeendone,thestatisticalrelationshipbetweenlivingabroadand

creativityremained,indicatingthatitissomethingfromtheexperienceoflivingin

foreignpartsthathelpsfostercreativity.Merelytravellingabroad,however,wasnot

enough.Youdohavetolivethere.Packingyourbeachtowelandsuntanlotionwillnot,

byitself,makeyouHemingway.

1KIntheopeningparagraph,famousnamesarecitedtoshowtherelationship

between.

A、psychologyandart

B、artisticcreationandlifeexperience

C>creativityandlivingabroad

D、writingandpainting

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查例證細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)第一段的第一句話“民間傳聞一直

認(rèn)為，藝術(shù)家和作家的創(chuàng)造力和旅居國(guó)外有關(guān)“，以及該段最后一句話“現(xiàn)在，兩位

心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)證明，創(chuàng)造力和旅居國(guó)外確實(shí)存在聯(lián)系”可得出答案。

12、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.

A、WilliamMadduxandAdamGalinskyhavecarefullydesignedthetest

B、theexperienceoflivingabroadcangivepeopleacreativeedge

C、Americanbusinessstudentsarelesscreativethanthoseoverseastudents

D、one'screativityisassociatedwiththelengthonehasspentabroad

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。通讀第二段可發(fā)現(xiàn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)中擁有海外生活經(jīng)歷的學(xué)生比

沒有海外生活經(jīng)歷的學(xué)生更好地完成了任務(wù)，這與B項(xiàng)符合。

13、Theword"deadlock'(Para.3)mostprobablymeans.

A、afailuretoreachagreement

anintractabledilemina

C、anunacceptableoffer

D、abitterquarrel

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)deadlock后面的原因狀語從句“因?yàn)橘I者被告知他

無法負(fù)擔(dān)銷售員被告知的最低價(jià)''可推測(cè)得出deadlock可能指學(xué)生無法達(dá)成一致意

見，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

14、DrMadduxandDrGalinskyadoptedstatisticalcontrolsto.

A、filterouttheinterferencefactorssuchaspersonalitytraits

B、identifythestatisticalrelationshipbetweenpersonalityandcreativity

C、analyzetheinteractionbetweenpersonalityandcreativity

D、measuretheinfluenceofopennesstonewexperiencesoncreativity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)statisticalcontrol定位到第四段第二句話，后面的

tofilteroutsuchfactors表示使用統(tǒng)計(jì)控制的目的在于去除這些因素.而該段的第一

句話即說明了這些因素是指能預(yù)測(cè)創(chuàng)造力的個(gè)人特征，這與A項(xiàng)符合。

15^InthelastsentenceofParagraph5,theauthormeansthat.

A、thereexistsharpdifferencesbetweentravelingandlivingabroad

B、merelytravelingabroadlendsnohelpincultivatingone'screativity

C、onlyrealexperienceoflivingabroadcanhelpfostercreativity

D、thetravellingpartoflivingabroadavailstonothingaboutone'screativity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C、

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從最后一段的第一句話“但是，僅僅出國(guó)旅游是不夠

的，你得在那里生活”可得知要培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造力必須要在國(guó)外真正地生活，這與C項(xiàng)符

合。

Oneoftheleastappreciatedbutmostremarkabledevelopmentsofthepast60yearsisthe

extraordinarygrowthofAmericanagriculture.Farmingnowaccountsforaboutonetenth

ofthegrossdomesticproductyetemployslessthan1percentofallworkers.Ithas

accomplishedthisfeatthroughexceptionallyhighgrowthinproductivity,whichhaskept

pricesoffoodlowandtherebycontributedtorisingstandardsofliving.Furthermore,the

exportablesurplushaskeptthetradedeficitfromreachingunsupporlablelevels.

Agriculturenotonlyhasoneofthehighestratesofproductivitygrowthofallindustries,

butthisgrowthappearstohaveacceleratedduringthepasttwodecades.Overtheperiod

1948to2004,totalfarmproductionwentupby166percent.Thelandusedforfanning

droppedbyonequarteroverthe56-ycarperiod,andinvestmentinheavyfarmequipment

andothercapitalexpendituresdecreasedby12percent.Severaldevelopmentsdrove

thesechanges,beginningwiththereplacementoftheremaininghorsesbytractors

immediatelyafterWorldWarIIandwiththeexpandinguseoffertilizersandpesticides.

Latercametheadoptionofhybridseeds,geneticengineeringofplantsandimproved

livestockbreeding.AkeyelementwastheU.S.DepartmentofAgriculture's(USDA)

extensionservice.Operatingthroughland-grantuniversitiesandotherorganizations,it

educatedfarmersonbiotechnology,pestmanagementandconservation.Formanyyears,

criticshaveclaimedthatmodernagricultureisnotsustainable,oneofthemajor

assertionsbeingthatitencourageserosion,whichwilleventuallywashawaymostofthe

topsoilLosttopsoil,theargumentgoes,isvirtuallyirreplaceablebecauseittakesupto

300yearsforoneinchofsoiltoform.Butadetailedstudyoftwolargeareas,the

SouthernPiedmontandtheNorthernMississippiValleyLoessHills,showedthatbased

on1982data,soillosshasdroppedsharplyfromtheveryhighratesofthe1930s.The

studyattributedthedecreaseinsoilerosiontotheUSDA,whichurgedfarmersafter

WorldWarIItoadoptconservationpracticessuchasstripcropping,wherebyalternating

rowsareplanted,andleavingplantresiduesinthefieldsyear-roundtoinhibitwater

runoff.DespitebeingarobustcontributortotheU.S.economy,modemagricultureisnot

withoutadarkside.Runoffoffertilizers,antibioticsandhormonesdegradethe

environmentandcanupsetthelocalecology.Ifnotgrownproperly,geneticallymodified

cropscouldspreadtheirDNAtoconventionalspecies.

16、ThegrowthofAmericanagriculturehasbeenmainlystimulatedby.

A、theproductivitygrowth

B>lowpricesoffood

C^risingstandardsofliving

D>theexportablesurplus

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第三句話可知農(nóng)業(yè)迅猛發(fā)展的主要原因是農(nóng)

業(yè)生產(chǎn)率的提高，因此A項(xiàng)正確。

17、TheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureplayedanimportantroleinagricultural

developmentsby.

A、adoptinghybridseedsandgeneticengineeringofplants

B>advocatingthewideuseoffertilizersandpesticides

C、improvingtheenvironmentalconservationoflands

D、providingfannerswithextensionserviceofeducation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部定位到第二段最后兩句話，文中的key

對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的important,由此可知其對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)主要是extensionservice,因此

D項(xiàng)正確。

18、Modernagricultureiscriticizedasunsustainablebecause.

A、itpromotestheerosionoftopsoil

B、itcannotprovidealong-termplanning

C^300yearsisnotlongenoughforthedevelopment

D、thelosttopsoilisirreplaceable

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：因果推斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知，現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)被一些專家所批評(píng)

為不符合可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念的原因是它會(huì)導(dǎo)致水土流失(erosion),并最終導(dǎo)致wash

awaymostofthetopsoil?因此A項(xiàng)正確。

19^Thesharpdecreaseofsoilerosionin1982resultedfrom.

ANtheeducationoftheUSDAonfarmingtechnology

B、thepracticesofenvironmentalprotectiononfanning

C、thepreventionofwaterrunoffinthetwolargeareas

D、theprotectionofplantresiduesaroundthewholeyear

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。根據(jù)1982定位到第四段，第二句話說了此項(xiàng)研究將這

一成績(jī)歸功于美國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部在二戰(zhàn)后對(duì)土地保護(hù)所做的努力(conservationpractice),

因此B項(xiàng)的protectiononfanning正確。

20、The"darkside"(Para.5)impliesthatmodernagriculturewill.

A^haveagreatimpactontheU.S.economydevelopment

B、leadtoecologypollution,ifimproperlycontrolled

C>havetodecreasethesoilerosion

D、changetheDNAofconventionalspecies

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)也有負(fù)面影響，即題

干中的darkside,根據(jù)文中的degradetheenvironment及upsetthelocalecology可

知，B項(xiàng)符合文意。

LouisArmstrongsang,"Whenyou'resmiling,thewholeworldsmileswithyou.'*

Romanticseverywheremaybesurprisedtolearnthatpsychologicalresearchhasproven

thissentimenttobetrue^一merelyseeingasmile(orafrown,forthatmatter)willactivate

themusclesinourfacethatmakethatexpression,evenifweareunawareofit.Now.

accordingtoanewstudyinPsychologicalScience,simplyreadingcertainwordsmayalso

havethesameeffect.PsychologistsFrancescoForonifromVUUniversityAmsterdam

andGunR.SeminfromtheUniversityofUtrechtconductedtwoexperimentstoseeif

emotionlanguagehasaninfluenceonfacialmuscleactivity.Inthefirstexperiment,a

groupofstudentsreadaseriesofemotionverbs(eg,"tosmile,""tocry")andadjectives

(e.g.,"funny,"'Trustrating")onamonitor,whiletheactivityoftheirzygomaticmajor

(themuscleresponsibleforsmiles)andcorrugatorsupercilii(whichcausesfrowns)

musclesweremeasured.Theresultsshowedthatreadingactionverbsactivatedthe

correspondingmuscles.Forexample,"tolaugh"resultedinactivationofthezygomatic

majormuscle,butdidnotcauseanyresponseinthemusclesresponsibleforfrowning.

Interestingly,whenpresentedwiththeemotionadjectiveslike"funny"or"frustrating"

thevolunteersdemonstratedmuchlowermuscleactivationcomparedtotheirreactionsto

emotionverbs.Theresearchersnotethatmuscleactivityis"inducedinthereaderwhen

readingverbsrepresentingfacialexpressionsofemotion."Canthisnaturalbodily

reactionaffectourjudgments?Inanotherexperiment,volunteerswatchedaseriesof

cartoonsandwereunconsciouslyshownemotionverbsandadjectivesaftereachone.

Theywerethenaskedtoratehowfunnytheythoughtthecartoonswere.Halfofthe

participantsheldapenwiththeirlips,topreventthemfromsmiling,whiletheremaining

participantsdidnothavetheirmusclemovementblocked.Theresultsrevealthateven

whenemotionverbsarepresentedunconsciously,theyareabletoinfluencejudgment-

volunteersfoundcartoonstobefunnierwhentheywereprecededbysmilingverbsthanif

theywereprecededbyfrowning-relatedverbs.However,thiseffectonlyoccurredinthe

volunteerswhowereabletosmile——volunteerswhohadmusclemovementblockeddid

notshowthisrelationshipbetweenemotionverbsandhowfunnytheyjudgedthe

cartoonsasbeing.Theresultsoftheseexperimentsrevealthatsimplyreadingemotion

verbsactivatesspecificfacialmusclesandcaninfluencejudgmentswemake.The

researchersnotethesefindingssuggestthat"languageisnotmerelysymbolic,butalso

somatic,"andtheyconcludethat"theseexperimentsprovideanimportantbridgebetween

researchontheneurobiologicalbasisoflanguageandrelatedbehavioralresearch.',

21LouisArmstrongiscitedinfirstparagraphto.

A^provideasaproofthatsmilesareinfectious

B、introducethetopictobeexploredinthetext

C^showmerrysentimentusuallyspreadsaround

D^justifytheassumptioninPsychologicalScience

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，考查引用細(xì)節(jié)。第一段開篇引用LouisArmstrong的歌

詞，然后第二句指出心理學(xué)研究已經(jīng)證明歌詞中所表達(dá)的情感傳遞確實(shí)存在，第三

句再進(jìn)一步指出有新研究證明僅僅閱讀某些詞匯也能產(chǎn)生同樣的效果，這是文章的

主題，由此可知，引用是為了引出后文的主題，故B項(xiàng)正確。

22Oneismorelikelytoknithiseyebrowswhenpresentedwith.

A、tolaugh

B、tofrown

C、funny

D、frustrating

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問的是：當(dāng)讀到……的時(shí)候，一個(gè)人更可能皺眉

(knilone'seyebrows)。從第二段第五句的內(nèi)容可以推知，看到情緒動(dòng)詞比看到情緒

形容詞更能激活他們臉部的肌肉，由第二段第四句的內(nèi)容可知，“笑”不會(huì)導(dǎo)致皺眉

肌產(chǎn)生任何反應(yīng)，所以B項(xiàng)最符合題意。

23>FrancescoForoniandGunR.Seminhavefoundintheirsecondexperimentthat

A、simplyreadingemotionwordswillactivatethemusclesinourface

B、emotionverbswillaffectourjudgmentsonlywhenpresentedunconsciously

C、thesmilingverbsprecedingthecartoonsmadethecartoonsfunnier

D、notallparticipantsfellundertheinfluenceofemotionverbs

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中thesecondexpenment定位到文中第三段。

該段第六句破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容表明，那些肌肉活動(dòng)受限制的志愿者并沒有表現(xiàn)出情

緒動(dòng)詞影響對(duì)漫畫有趣程度的判斷，由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。

24、Theword"somatic"（Para.4）mostprobablymeans.

A、romantic

influential

Csphysical

D、behavioral

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞義理解題。通觀全文可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，語言（情緒詞語）會(huì)激活人的臉部肌

肉活動(dòng)，看到【。smile這樣的詞語會(huì)激活人臉部的相應(yīng)肌肉，可見探討的是語言與

人的身體的關(guān)系，故C項(xiàng)最符合題意。

25、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A、Smileandtheworldwillprobablysmilebackatyou.

B、Emotionalverbsaremorepowerfulthanemotionaladjectives.

C、Languageissopowerfulthatitexertsinfluenceonourjudgments.

D、Languagecanbridgeneurobiologicalstudyandbehavioralresearch.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，僅僅看到一個(gè)微笑，我們的臉部

肌肉會(huì)做出同樣的反應(yīng)：微笑。所以A項(xiàng)暗含了這個(gè)道理，故正確。

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分,共20分。）

School-agechildrenshouldparticipatein60minutesormoreofmoderatetovigorous

physicalactivitydaily,accordingtoanexpertpanel."Thetake-homemessageforparents

isthatitisver}zimportanttoensurethattheirchildrenspendatleastanhouradayin

someformofappropriatephysicalactivity,"saysDr.WilliamB.Strong,apediatric

cardiologistandretiredprofessorattheMedicalCollegeofGeorgiawhoco-chairedthe

panel.MTheimportantthingiswehavetogetAmericanchildrenandadolescentsactive,"

saysco-chairDr.RobertM.Malina,researchprofessorandanexpertingrowthand

developmentatTarletonSlateUniversityinStephenville,Texas.HTheevidenceisvery

clearthatphysicalactivityhasdecreaseddramaticallyinthelast10to20years,"Dr.

Malinasaysasthetechnologyrevolutionofthe1980sproducedmoresedentaryoptions

forchildrenwhiletheircaloricintakehasessentiallyremainedthesame."Ourchildren

arcjustnotburningupthosecaloricstoday,"Dr.Malinasaysoftheobesityepidemicin

children."Allofusneedtohelpchildrenincreasetheamountoftimespentinmoderate

tovigorousphysicalactivity.Thismeansthatparents,coaches,teachersandotherswho

influenceyoungstersneedtobecomeactiverolemodelsandgelchildreninvolvedwith

regularparticipationinphysicalactivity.""Increasingthelevelofhabitualmoderateto

vigorousintensityphysicalactivityinyouthisahealthpromotionandadisease

preventionstrategy,"thepanelistsconclude.Restorationofphysicaleducationandoiher

school——andcommunity——basedprogramscouldcontributemightilytothatstrategy,they

say.Recommendationsofthe13-membcrpanelarepublishedintheJuneissueofThe

JournalofPediatrics.PanelistswereconvenedbytheConstellaGroup,Inc.,a

professionalhealthservicescompanyheadquarteredinDurham,N.C.,contractedbythe

DivisionsofNutritionandPhysicalActivityandAdolescentandSchoolHealthofthe

CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention."Wewereaskedtoreviewtheliteratureand

findevidenceoftheimpactofphysicalactivityonthehealthandwell-beingofchildren

andtomakerecommendationsbasedontheevidence,notjustonwhatweallbelieveto

bebeneficial,"saysDr.Strong,CharbonnicrProfessorEmeritusatMCGandfounding

directorofMCG'sGeorgiaPreventionInstitute,whereresearchersareexploringissues

suchastheimpactofactivityonchildren'sweightandcardiovascularhealth.

1、AccordingtoDr.Malina,thedecreaseinphysicalactivityamongstyoungAmericans

ismainlydueto.

A、alackofphysicaleducation

anunhealthydiet

C>alackofopportunitiesforphysicalexercise

D、thefacttherearemoreopportunitiesforthemnottoexercise

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。A項(xiàng)文中沒有提到缺乏體育課是體育活動(dòng)減少的原因。B

是導(dǎo)致肥胖的原因。根據(jù)第二段第二句，瑪麗娜博士說，在過去的10至20年中，

有跡象清楚地表明孩子們體育活動(dòng)的時(shí)間明顯下降，20世紀(jì)80年代的技術(shù)革命為

孩子們提供了更多久坐不動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)……，故D為正確答案。C項(xiàng)不是根本原因。

2、WhichoftheseisNOTarecommendationoftheexpertpanelmentionedinthetext?

Childrenshouldeatfewercalories.

B、Childrenshouldexercisemoreatschool.

C、Parentsshouldencouragetheirchildrentoexercise.

D、Sportsprogrammesfbryoungpeoplethatwerecutshouldbereintroduced.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段中瑪麗娜博士指出：我們都應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助孩子們適

當(dāng)增加體育活動(dòng)，這就意味著父母、教練、老師和其他對(duì)他們有影響力的人都要充

當(dāng)榜樣，鼓勵(lì)孩子們堅(jiān)守參加體育活動(dòng)。第四段還提到恢復(fù)體育課和其他學(xué)校或社

區(qū)舉辦的活動(dòng)。只有A沒有涉及，所以為答案。

3、Accordingtothetext,besidespromotinghealth,increasingtheamountofphysical

activityinyouthcanalso.

A、lessentheeffectsofdepression

B、educatetheyouth

C^reduceillnessamongtheyouth

D、restorephysicaleducation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干promotinghealth定位到原文第四段開頭，對(duì)應(yīng)

diseasepreventionstrategy的只有選項(xiàng)CoD只是一項(xiàng)具體措施。

4、Thepanelwasorganizedinorderto.

A^discovernewevidenceregardingthehealthofyoungAmericans

B、discoverwhyyoungAmericansdon'tdoenoughexercise

C、reviewpreviousstudiesandseehowheahhandexercisearerelated

D、reviewpreviousstudiesandascertainhowtohelpyoungAmericansgetfit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到文章末段首句：我們的任務(wù)是回顧歷史文

獻(xiàn)，找到證據(jù)，證明體育活動(dòng)對(duì)孩子們身心健康的影響，并據(jù)此提出建議……，