第三部分應(yīng)用文寫作和讀后續(xù)寫技法一審題謀篇四步法(2022·浙江1月)假定你是李華，在“中國—愛爾蘭文化節(jié)”活動中結(jié)識了愛爾蘭朋友Chris，現(xiàn)在他已回國。請你給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.回憶活動經(jīng)歷；2.分享個人收獲；3.希望保持聯(lián)系。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。第2講解題技法指導(dǎo)第一步審題立意布局謀篇體裁郵件時態(tài)一般過去時和一般現(xiàn)在時人稱第一人稱結(jié)構(gòu)三段要點1.詢問近況，表示懷念；2.回憶活動經(jīng)歷，分享個人收獲；3.發(fā)出希望。第二步核心內(nèi)容逐一盤點第一段——問候1.近來好嗎？你回愛爾蘭已有一年了。我非常想念你。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Howareyoudoingthesedays?IthasbeenayearsinceyoucamebacktoIreland.Imissyousomuch.第二段——回憶和分享2.提起中愛文化節(jié)活動我依然記得兩年前我們在中愛文化節(jié)相遇的那一天。Istillremembertheveryday_____________________________________________________________.whenwemetatChina-IrelandCulturalFestivaltwoyearsago3.具體說明文化節(jié)活動(1)你在那次文化節(jié)上分享了你們國家許多有趣的事情。You________________________________________________

atthatfestival.(2)通過你的分享，我了解到了你們的食物、文化和歷史。ThroughyoursharingI____________________________________________.sharedsomanyinterestingthingsaboutyourcountrylearnedalotaboutyourfood，cultureandhistory4.你的感受(1)很重要的是我們那時成了好朋友。It’sfarmoreimportant______________________________.(2)我感到有點遺憾的是你去年回國了。Ifeltalittlesorry_________________________.(3)我很高興了解到你在你的家鄉(xiāng)過著快樂的生活。Iampleasedtoknow________________________________________.thatwebecamegoodfriendsthenthatyouleftChinalastyearyouareleadingahappylifeinyourhometown第三段——發(fā)出希望5.我希望我們常聯(lián)系，并希望早日收到你的回信。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ihopewecankeepintouchoften.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.第三步斟詞酌句潤色升級1.把第3中的句(1)變成強調(diào)句，并用非限制性定語從句與句(2)合并起來______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.把第4中的句(1)變成what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句__________________________________________________________Itwasatthatfestivalthatyousharedsomanyinterestingthingsaboutyourcountry，throughwhichIlearnedalotaboutyourfood，cultureandhistory.What’sfarmoreimportantisthatwebecamegoodfriendsthen.3.把第4中的句(2)和句(3)合并成讓步狀語從句____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThoughIfeltalittlesorrythatyouleftChinalastyear，Iampleasedtoknowyouareleadingahappylifeinyourhometown.第四步巧妙銜接完美成篇DearChris，Howareyoudoingthesedays?IthasbeenayearsinceyoucamebacktoIreland.Imissyousomuch.IstillremembertheverydaywhenwemetatChina-IrelandCulturalFestivaltwoyearsago.Itwasatthatfestivalthatyousharedsomanyinterestingthingsaboutyourcountry，throughwhichIlearnedalotaboutyourfood，cultureandhistory.Wereallyenjoyedourselvesthere.What’sfarmoreimportantisthatwebecamegoodfriendsthen.ThoughIfeltalittlesorrythatyouleftChinalastyear，Iampleasedtoknowyouareleadingahappylifeinyourhometown.Ihopewecankeepintouchoften.Lookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Yours，LiHua技法二規(guī)避常見的五種錯誤

典例示范常見錯誤錯誤句子改錯句子成分殘缺或多余(缺)Therearemanystudentssupportit.Therearemanystudentswho/thatsupportit.(多)Wereachedtoschoolat6∶00am.Wereachedschoolat6∶00am.主謂不一致Thechildrenwasveryhappy.Thechildrenwereveryhappy.Youcanreadthebookswhichisontheshelf.Youcanreadthebookswhichareontheshelf.時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤Theexhibitionwillholdnextweekend.Theexhibitionwillbeheldnextweekend.YesterdayIwitnessanaccident.YesterdayIwitnessedanaccident.詞性不分Honestisthebestpolicy.Honestyisthebestpolicy.PapercuttingisatraditionChineseart.PapercuttingisatraditionalChineseart.Ifinallythroughtheexamafterseveralattempts.Ifinallygotthroughtheexamafterseveralattempts.中式英語Iverylikehisclasses.Ilikehisclassesverymuch.MyfatherboughtmeaMoYanwritingbook.MyfatherboughtmeabookwrittenbyMoYan.Thetreesverytall.Thetreesareverytall.技法三亮化詞匯三原則根據(jù)高考書面表達的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，應(yīng)用詞匯的豐富性和準(zhǔn)確性是作文能否取得高分的一條重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以，在詞匯的亮化上應(yīng)遵循以下三個原則：原則1求新求變同樣意義的詞語，要根據(jù)語境使用最新學(xué)過的而不是小學(xué)初中學(xué)過的詞匯。如果同樣的意義重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，要使用不同的表達方式。如：1.Notonlydoestheoceanofferusenoughfood，butitalsomaintains

thebalanceofnature.Thus，itisveryimportanttoprotecttheocean.(2022·全國甲)→Notonlydoestheoceanofferussufficientfood，butitalsomaintainsthebalanceofnature.Thus，itisimperativetoprotecttheocean.2.Whenfeelingsad，Ioftenchoosetoenjoythenovelpartwhichincludesalotofgoodstories.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)→Whenfeelingdepressed，Ioftenchoosetoenjoythenovelpartwhichincludesalotofimaginativestories.3.WiththewidespreadoftheInternet，moreandmorepeoplebecomeonlinelearners.(2021·全國乙)→WiththewidespreadoftheInternet，anincreasingnumberofpeoplebecomeonlinelearners.4.Iamwritingtoaskyoutohelpuswithaplayweadaptedaccordingtothetext.(2020·全國Ⅲ)→Iamwritinginsinceritytoaskyouafavourregardingaplayweadaptedaccordingtothetext.5.Foranother，Chinahasalonghistoryandrichculture.IthasalwaysattractedpeoplewholoveanythingaboutChina.(2020·江蘇)→Foranother，Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.IthasalwaysbeenanattractionforthosewhoarekeenonanythingthatisChinese.原則2求準(zhǔn)求精寫作時不一定每一句都要有復(fù)雜句式，有時準(zhǔn)確使用一個單詞就會讓整個句子增色。1.ItcaneasilybeseenthatthepercentageofstudentswhochooselisteningtoEnglishsongsandwatchingEnglishmoviesispartly65%and50%.(2022·全國乙)→ItcaneasilybeseenthatthepercentageofstudentswhochooselisteningtoEnglishsongsandwatchingEnglishmoviesisrespectively65%and50%.2.Inconclusion，weshouldfindawaytostudyonlinebetter.(2021·全國乙)→Inconclusion，weshouldfindawaytostudyonlinemoreefficiently.3.Hiswordsofencouragementcanstillberemembered.(2020·全國Ⅰ)→Hiswordsofencouragementstillringinmyears.4.Iamwaitingforyourearlyreply.(2021·全國甲)→Iamwaitingforyourearlyreplyeagerly.原則3短語優(yōu)先恰當(dāng)使用短語代替單詞，不但可以增加詞數(shù)，還有助于繞開不會表達的單詞，使得行文更加流暢。1.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldconsidermyinvitation.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)→Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldtakemyinvitationintoaccount.2.Inconclusion，weshouldknowitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesandfindaproperwaytomakeourstudymoreefficient.(2021·全國乙)→Inconclusion，weshouldhaveagoodunderstandingofitsadvantagesanddisadvantagesandfindaproperwaytomakeourstudymoreefficient.3.Inordertogetmoreclicks，you’dbettertellmewhichChinesecultureattractswesternersmost.(2021·全國甲)→Inordertogetmoreclicks，you’dbettertellmewhichChinesecultureholdsthemostattractionforwesterners.4.Themajorityofpeoplewhoweresurveyedsupportedthisidea.→Themajorityofpeoplewhoweresurveyedwereinfavourofthisidea.技法四美化句式四訣竅訣竅1三大從句各一從句是豐富內(nèi)容的有效手段。每一篇優(yōu)秀作文，句式都應(yīng)該多樣。

所以在寫作中，要注意打造三種從句。1.定語從句：Itwasatthatfestivalthatyousharedsomanyinterestingthingsaboutyourcountry，throughwhichIlearnedalotaboutyourfood，cultureandhistory.(2022·浙江1月)2.狀語從句：Ithasbeen10yearssinceYouthwasfoundedandIbegantoreadthenewspaperwhenIwasstillajunioronestudent.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)3.名詞性從句：What’sfarmoreimportantisthatwebecamegoodfriendsthen.(2022·浙江1月)訣竅2非謂語若干非謂語的正確使用能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生的語法功底，相比于從句，非謂語更加生動簡潔。(2020·全國Ⅱ)Lastweekend，myclassmatesandItookpartinafarmpicking(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)activity.Surrounded(過去分詞作狀語)bygreentrees，thefarmislocatedatthefootofthehillnearourschool.Thereisasmallriverflowing(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)throughthefarm.Whileenjoyingbeing(動名詞作賓語)closetonature，webegantohelppickpeachescovering(現(xiàn)在分詞作定語)everytree.Weworkedinpairs，onepickingpeachesandtheothercarefullyputtingthemintoabigbox(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)).Throughparticipating(動名詞作賓語)inthispickingactivity，Ihavebecomeawareofthesignificanceofwork.Iamdeterminedtostudyhard，tobeausefulpersontothecountryandtocontributetotheimprovementofpeople’slives(不定式作賓語).訣竅3倒裝強調(diào)可出現(xiàn)特殊句型如倒裝句、強調(diào)句和感嘆句等可以使整篇文章句式更加豐富。1.Itisourdailyactionsthatmakeadifferencetoprotectingtheoceanfrombeingpolluted.(2022·全國甲)2.SoeasilyaddictedtochattingonlineorplayinggamesaretheythattheywillforgettolearnEnglishusingthem.(2022·全國乙)3.Fromthisactivity，notonlydidwerealizethatbuildingupourbodyisofgreatimportance，butwealsolearnedmoreabout“persistenceleadstosuccess”.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)4.Ontheway，exhaustedastheparticipantswere，theykeptrunninguntilthefinishingline.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)5.Suchismyunderstandingaboutgrowingup.(2020·天津)訣竅4被動露露面

如果一篇文章全都是主動句而且主語一致，文章就會顯得單調(diào)，適當(dāng)使用被動句能夠避免這種情況。1.Firstofall，whatwecandoisplaceimportanceonourdailyactions.Forexample，wecan’tthrowgarbageintotheocean.(2022·全國甲)→Firstofall，whatwecandoisplaceimportanceonourdailyactions.Forexample，garbagecan’tbethrownintotheocean.2.BecausewewillpresentthisactivityontheEnglishwebsite，Isincerelywantyoutooffermesomeadvice.(2021·全國甲)→BecausethisactivitywillbepresentedontheEnglishwebsite，Isincerelywantyoutooffermesomeadvice.3.Iwonderifyouwouldliketogiveussomeadvice.Weneedtoadjustthevocabularyandgrammaroftheplot，andwealsoneedyourguidanceonourperformance.(2020·全國Ⅲ)→Iwonderifyouwouldliketogiveussomeadvice.Thevocabularyandgrammaroftheplotneedtobeadjusted，andwealsoneedyourguidanceonourperformance.技法五銜接過渡四類型銜接過渡詞可以分為“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”四類。1.用于“啟”的過渡詞語：asyouknow，asisshowninthe...，firstofall，foronething，aboveall，ontheonehand，inasense，tostartwith等。①AsfarasIknow，thisexhibitionwilllastforhalfamonthintheschoolartgallery.(2021·浙江)②Firstofall，whatwecandoisplaceimportanceonourdailyactions.(2022·全國甲)③Foronething，theoveralldevelopmentoverthepastdecadeshasbeensostrikingthattheyfeeleagertofamiliarizethemselveswithwhatisgoingoninChina.(2020·江蘇)④Firstandforemost，thecompetitiontobeheldinourschoolstadiumwillbeginat2pmandlastforroughly3hours.(2019·全國Ⅱ)2.用于“承”的過渡詞語：secondly，also，inaddition，foranotherthing，forthispurpose，furthermore，whatismore，forexample，inotherwords，infact，atthesametime，asaresult，therefore等。①What’smore，ifIwanttodecoratemywebsitewithsomeChineseelements，whatshouldIdo？(2021·全國甲)②Therefore，Istronglyrecommendthatallthestudentsinourschoolshouldmakeuseoftheirsparetimetoenjoythesewonderfulworkscarefully.(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ)③Foranother，Chinaenjoysalonghistoryandrichculture.(2020·江蘇)④Besides，thetopicisabouthowtoimproveourspokenEnglish.(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ)⑤Furthermore，itisnecessaryforyoutotakeagoodrest，whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.(2019·全國Ⅱ)⑥Meanwhile，I’malsointerestedtolearnsomefolkdancesfromyouinyourlecture，whichwillhelpmeimprovemydancing.(2019·天津)3.用于“轉(zhuǎn)”的過渡詞語：afterall，but，however，onthecontrary，incontrast，otherwise，while，though，despite，inspiteof，allthesame，asamatteroffact等。①However，thosechoosingreadingEnglishbooksandvisitingEnglishlearningwebsitesonlyaccountfor18%and12%.(2022·全國乙)②Ontheway，althoughsomestudentsfellbehind，theykeptrunninguntilthefinishingline.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ)4.用于“合”的過渡詞語：inaword，generallyspeaking，atlast，inshort，intheend，inconclusion，onthewhole，insummary，tosumup等。①Finally，youarewelcomeatanytimetomyhouseandbemyguest.Congratulationsagain!②Tosumup，Iwishyoucouldliveuptotheexpectationsofourschool.(2019·全國Ⅱ)③Inconclusion，theschooluniformsareabetterchoicethanthetraditionalChinesedressforsuchanoccasion.(2019·江蘇)④Allinall，itishightimethatwedevotedourselvestoprotectingtheocean.Toprotecttheoceanistoprotectourselves.(2022·全國甲)隨堂演練Ⅰ.升級句中加顏色詞匯1.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology，moreandmorepeoplearefondofonlinepayment.Withthedevelopmentoftechnology，__________________________

peoplearefondofonlinepayment.2.Traditionalculturesareveryimportantinourcountry.Traditionalcultures_____________________

inourcountry.anincreasingnumberofareofgreatimportance3.Asforme，Ilikeschooluniformsbetterthancasualclothes.Asforme，I_______

schooluniforms____

casualclothes.4.QingdaoliesintheeastofShandongProvince.Qingdao___________________

theeastofShandongProvince.5.Everyonemusthaveexperiencedamovingmoment，andI’dliketoshareminewithyou.Everyonemusthaveexperienceda_________

moment，andI’dliketoshareminewithyou.prefertoissituated/locatedintouching6.Iamwritingtosaythankstoyouforyourhelp.Iamwritingto___________________

toyouforyourhelp.7.Hereissomeadvice，whichIhopewillbegoodforyou.Hereissomeadvice，whichIhopewillbe_________

toyou.8.Iamveryhappytohearthatyouarecomingtoourcityforavisit.Iam_________________

tohearthatyouarecomingtoourcityforavisit.expressmygratitudebeneficialextremelydelightedⅡ.升級句式練習(xí)1.Theceremonywasscheduledtobeheldfrom8∶00amto11∶00amonJune8，andduringthattimewereviewedthepasteventsandwatchedsomevideosabouttheheroicdeedsofourschoolmatesinthebattleagainstCOVID-19.(用定語從句改寫)→Theceremonywasscheduledtobeheldfrom8∶00amto11∶00amonJune8，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.duringwhichwereviewedthepasteventsandwatchedsomevideosabouttheheroicdeedsofourschoolmatesinthebattleagainstCOVID-192.AnEnglishoralcompetitionwasheldthisMondayandourclasswonthefirstprizeinit.(用定語從句改寫)→OurclasswonthefirstprizeintheEnglishoralcompetition______________________________.3.Doesyoursummercourseofferaccommodation？(用賓語從句改寫)→________________________________________________________that/whichwasheldthisMondayIwonderif/whetheryoursummercourseoffersaccommodation.4.ThestudentsinterestedinthecontestarerequiredtosignupforitbeforeJuly3.(用主語從句改寫)→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Yougreetothersactively，andyouaremorelikelytomakefriends.(用狀語從句改寫)→________________________________________________________Itisrequiredthatthestudentsinterestedinthecontest(should)signupforitbeforeJuly3.Ifyougreetothersactively，youaremorelikelytomakefriends.6.Webecameexhaustedhalfway，butwemanagedtogettothefinishingline.(用狀語從句改寫)→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7.WheneverImeetwithdifficulty，myChineseteachergivesmeencouragementintime.(用強調(diào)句改寫)→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Although/Though/Whilewebecameexhaustedhalfway，wemanagedtogettothefinishingline.ItismyChineseteacherthat/whogivesmeencouragementwheneverImeetwithdifficulty.8.IamsoanxiousthatIcan’tsleepwellbeforeexams.(用倒裝句改寫)→________________________________________________________9.ThefruitfarmliesatthefootoftheMountYuhuangshan.(用倒裝句改寫)→________________________________________________________10.WewillholdtheexhibitioninthegalleryhallofourschoolonSaturdayafternoon.(用被動語態(tài)改寫)→__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________SoanxiousamIthatIcan’tsleepwellbeforeexams.AtthefootoftheMountYuhuangshanliesthefruitfarm.TheexhibitionwillbeheldinthegalleryhallofourschoolonSatu