施用秸稈對紫色土土壤呼吸、有機(jī)碳累積與團(tuán)聚化的影響摘要：為解決西南地區(qū)因耕地改造中導(dǎo)致土壤有機(jī)碳含量下降的問題，通過28天的室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)，研究了秸稈施用條件下紫色土土壤呼吸、有機(jī)碳累積、團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性，為合理利用秸稈提供理論依據(jù)。設(shè)置2個(gè)處理，包括空白處理（CK）、施用秸稈（SK）。經(jīng)過分析：相較于對照處理，秸稈處理顯著提升了CO2的總釋放量，增幅高達(dá)829%。同時(shí)也顯著增加了紫色土中的顆粒有機(jī)碳（POC）、礦物結(jié)合態(tài)有機(jī)碳（MAOC）、易氧化有機(jī)碳（ROC）以及整體有機(jī)碳含量（SOC）。并且提高了土壤團(tuán)聚體平均重量直徑（MWD）。相關(guān)性分析揭示，SOC與POC、MAOC以及MWD值之間顯著相關(guān)。綜上所述，秸稈的施用不僅有助于增強(qiáng)土壤團(tuán)聚體的穩(wěn)定性，還能有效提升土壤有機(jī)碳的含量。關(guān)鍵詞：秸稈；土壤呼吸；土壤有機(jī)碳；土壤團(tuán)聚體EffectsofStrawApplicationonSoilRespiration,OrganicCarbonAccumulationandAgglomerationinPurpleSoilAbstract:InordertosolvetheproblemofthedecreaseofsoilorganiccarboncontentcausedbythetransformationofcultivatedlandinsouthwestChina,soilrespiration,organiccarbonaccumulationandaggregatestabilityofpurplesoilunderstrawapplicationconditionswerestudiedthrougha28-dayindoorcultureexperiment,whichprovidedatheoreticalbasisforrationalutilizationofstraw.Setup2treatments,includingblanktreatment(CK)andstrawapplication(SK).Afteranalysis:Comparedwithcontroltreatment,strawtreatmentsignificantlyincreasedthetotalCO2releaseby829%.Atthesametime,thecontentofparticulateorganiccarbon(POC),mineralboundorganiccarbon(MAOC),easilyoxidizedorganiccarbon(ROC)andoverallorganiccarbon(SOC)inpurplesoilwassignificantlyincreased.Themeanweightdiameter(MWD)ofsoilaggregateswasincreased.CorrelationanalysisrevealedthatSOCwassignificantlycorrelatedwithPOC,MAOCandMWDvalues.Insummary,theapplicationofstrawnotonlyhelpstoenhancethestabilityofsoilaggregates,butalsoeffectivelyincreasesthecontentofsoilorganiccarbon.Keyword:straw;Soilrespiration;Soilorganiccarbon;Soilaggregate

導(dǎo)論選題背景生態(tài)安全和糧食安全均為國家重大安全戰(zhàn)略，因此生態(tài)和糧食“雙安全”問題一直是研究熱點(diǎn)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>羅海平</Author><Year>2023</Year><RecNum>36</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[1]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>36</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713321507">36</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>羅海平</author><author>王佳鋮</author><author>胡學(xué)英</author><author>李卓雅</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>南昌大學(xué)中國中部經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展研究中心;深圳技術(shù)大學(xué)馬克思主義學(xué)院;</auth-address><titles><title>糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)糧食安全與生態(tài)安全脆弱性耦合研究</title><secondary-title>統(tǒng)計(jì)與信息論壇</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>統(tǒng)計(jì)與信息論壇</full-title></periodical><pages>117-128</pages><volume>38</volume><number>07</number><keywords><keyword>糧食主產(chǎn)區(qū)</keyword><keyword>脆弱性</keyword><keyword>糧食安全</keyword><keyword>生態(tài)安全</keyword><keyword>耦合協(xié)同</keyword><keyword>地理探測器</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2023</year></dates><isbn>1007-3116</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/urlid/61.1421.C.20230511.1825.004</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[1]。全球氣候變化問題已引起國際社會的深切關(guān)注，其中，溫室氣體CO2濃度的持續(xù)上升被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致全球變暖的關(guān)鍵因素之一。并且CO2在溫室效應(yīng)中所起的作用尤為顯著，其貢獻(xiàn)率接近60%，無疑是最主要的溫室氣體。因此，當(dāng)前研究的重點(diǎn)已聚焦于如何有效減少和控制溫室氣體的排放，以應(yīng)對全球氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>田茜</Author><Year>2024</Year><RecNum>31</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[2]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>31</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713090934">31</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>田茜</author><author>楊芳</author><author>王召歡</author><author>張慶印</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)資源環(huán)境學(xué)院;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持研究所黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;</auth-address><titles><title>陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)土壤CO_2排放對模擬增溫的響應(yīng)特征及影響因素</title><secondary-title>生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>1928-1939</pages><volume>44</volume><number>05</number><keywords><keyword>土壤CO_2排放</keyword><keyword>土壤呼吸</keyword><keyword>陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)</keyword><keyword>增溫</keyword><keyword>Meta分析</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2024</year></dates><isbn>1000-0933</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/doi/10.20103/j.stxb.202305070949</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.20103/j.stxb.202305070949</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[2]。農(nóng)田土壤有機(jī)碳（SOC）在農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著舉足輕重的角色。它不僅是維持土壤肥力、保障作物生產(chǎn)和糧食安全的關(guān)鍵因素，而且還能夠通過調(diào)控溫室氣體排放，對全球氣候產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響。農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐通過直接調(diào)控有機(jī)碳的輸入量以及間接改變微生物所處的環(huán)境條件，對農(nóng)田SOC產(chǎn)生顯著影響。值得一提的是，盡管中國擁有不到世界十分之一的耕地面積，卻成功地養(yǎng)活了全球近五分之一的人口。充分展現(xiàn)了其農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的強(qiáng)大能力。自1980年至2010年，中國農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)了顯著的集約化進(jìn)程，通過引進(jìn)并種植新品種作物，同時(shí)大幅增加肥料和農(nóng)藥的投入，使糧食產(chǎn)量得以大幅提升，增長率高達(dá)65%ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zhao</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>32</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[3]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>32</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713091011">32</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Zhao,Y.C.</author><author>Wang,M.Y.</author><author>Hu,S.J.</author><author>Zhang,X.D.</author><author>Ouyang,Z.</author><author>Zhang,G.L.</author><author>Huang,B.A.</author><author>Zhao,S.W.</author><author>Wu,J.S.</author><author>Xie,D.T.</author><author>Zhu,B.</author><author>Yu,D.S.</author><author>Pan,X.Z.</author><author>Xu,S.X.</author><author>Shi,X.Z.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Economics-andpolicy-drivenorganiccarboninputenhancementdominatessoilorganiccarbonaccumulationinChinesecroplands</title><secondary-title>ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica</full-title></periodical><pages>4045-4050</pages><volume>115</volume><number>16</number><dates><year>2018</year><pub-dates><date>Apr</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0027-8424</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000430191900045</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000430191900045</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1073/pnas.1700292114</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[3]。土壤團(tuán)聚體作為土壤結(jié)構(gòu)的基本單元，能夠很好地反映土壤結(jié)構(gòu)狀況。團(tuán)聚體內(nèi)部及其之間的孔隙不但直接影響微生物對SOC的可及性，而且間接控制氣體交換和液體的運(yùn)輸來影響微生物的活動，進(jìn)而決定SOC受到保護(hù)的程度ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Han</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>33</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[4]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>33</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713091091">33</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Han,S.</author><author>Delgado-Baquerizo,M.</author><author>Luo,X.S.</author><author>Liu,Y.R.</author><author>VanNostrand,J.D.</author><author>Chen,W.L.</author><author>Zhou,J.Z.</author><author>Huang,Q.Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Soilaggregatesize-dependentrelationshipsbetweenmicrobialfunctionaldiversityandmultifunctionality</title><secondary-title>SoilBiology&Biochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SoilBiology&Biochemistry</full-title></periodical><volume>154</volume><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0038-0717</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000626605100016</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000626605100016</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>108143</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108143</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[4]。因此，對土壤CO2排放，有機(jī)碳和團(tuán)聚體變化的研究對厘清農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳排放具有重要意義，并且是生態(tài)安全與糧食安全的重點(diǎn)研究對象。在農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中施用作物秸稈是平衡作物產(chǎn)量、土壤有機(jī)碳和減排的農(nóng)業(yè)管理策略ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Liu</Author><Year>2023</Year><RecNum>140</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[5]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>140</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1712976423">140</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Liu,D.T.</author><author>Song,C.C.</author><author>Xin,Z.H.</author><author>Fang,C.</author><author>Liu,Z.H.</author><author>Xu,Y.P.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Agriculturalmanagementstrategiesforbalancingyieldincrease,carbonsequestration,andemissionreductionafterstrawreturnforthreemajorgraincropsinChina:Ameta-analysis</title><secondary-title>JournalofEnvironmentalManagement</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofEnvironmentalManagement</full-title></periodical><volume>340</volume><dates><year>2023</year><pub-dates><date>Aug</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0301-4797</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000989848600001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000989848600001</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>117965</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117965</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[5]。作物秸稈是農(nóng)作物的副產(chǎn)品，富含氮、磷、鉀。在全球范圍內(nèi)，隨著農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的增加，農(nóng)作物秸稈產(chǎn)量一直保持增長并保持在較高水平。全球每年生產(chǎn)約38億噸農(nóng)作物秸稈，通過將這些秸稈返回土壤可以封存0.6-1.2PgCADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lal</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>142</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[6]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>142</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1712976911">142</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lal,R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Soilqualityimpactsofresidueremovalforbioethanolproduction</title><secondary-title>Soil&TillageResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Soil&TillageResearch</full-title></periodical><pages>233-241</pages><volume>102</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2009</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0167-1987</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000264225400009</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000264225400009</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.still.2008.07.003</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[6]。中國作為農(nóng)業(yè)大國，每年生產(chǎn)約10×108噸秸稈，其中1.40×108噸秸稈露天焚燒，使其成為大氣中氮氧化物的最大貢獻(xiàn)者ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Jiang</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>147</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[7]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>147</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1713006992">147</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Jiang,W.J.</author><author>Yan,T.W.</author><author>Chen,B.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ImpactofmediachannelsandsocialinteractionsontheadoptionofstrawreturnbyChinesefarmers</title><secondary-title>ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment</full-title></periodical><volume>756</volume><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0048-9697</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000603487500124</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000603487500124</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>144078</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144078</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[7]。2021年，“十四五”國家農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展規(guī)劃中明確指出：“至2025年，我們將全面推動農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展，并致力于在2035年實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境的根本性改善?！痹谶@一目標(biāo)指引下，施用秸稈等有機(jī)資源成為了提升土壤肥力、優(yōu)化水分利用效率、增強(qiáng)可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)力及增加土壤固碳量的關(guān)鍵舉措。然而，值得注意的是，這些措施在帶來益處的同時(shí)，也可能導(dǎo)致溫室氣體排放量的增加，因此在推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展的過程中，需要綜合考慮其利弊，尋求平衡與優(yōu)化ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>何甜甜</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>35</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[8]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>35</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713091360">35</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>何甜甜</author><author>王靜</author><author>符云鵬</author><author>符新妍</author><author>劉天</author><author>李亞坤</author><author>李建華</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>河南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)煙草學(xué)院煙草行業(yè)煙草栽培重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;河南省煙草公司許昌市公司;</auth-address><titles><title>等碳量添加秸稈和生物炭對土壤呼吸及微生物生物量碳氮的影響</title><secondary-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>450-458</pages><volume>42</volume><number>01</number><keywords><keyword>生物炭</keyword><keyword>秸稈</keyword><keyword>土壤呼吸</keyword><keyword>土壤微生物生物量碳氮</keyword><keyword>固碳減排</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2021</year></dates><isbn>0250-3301</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/doi/10.13227/j.hjkx.202004196</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13227/j.hjkx.202004196</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[8]。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)的綠色轉(zhuǎn)型，推動秸稈的有效利用顯得尤為重要。根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)與資源保護(hù)總站的研究數(shù)據(jù)，秸稈在綜合利用過程中的總固碳效率達(dá)到了6.3千萬噸Ceq/y。這其中，通過秸稈還田成功地減少了7.8百萬噸Ceq/y的溫室氣體排放量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ji</Author><Year>2024</Year><RecNum>24</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[9]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>24</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713081541">24</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ji,X.F.</author><author>Jiang,J.</author><author>Wang,Y.G.</author><author>Colinet,G.</author><author>Feng,W.T.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Smallstrawadditionenhancesstrawdecompositionandcarbonstabilizedinsoilaggregatesovertime</title><secondary-title>Soil&TillageResearch</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Soil&TillageResearch</full-title></periodical><volume>238</volume><dates><year>2024</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0167-1987</isbn><accession-num>WOS:001183611300001</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:001183611300001</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>106022</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.still.2024.106022</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[9]。因此，合理利用秸稈的養(yǎng)分資源不僅對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)中物質(zhì)的高效轉(zhuǎn)化和能量的穩(wěn)定循環(huán)至關(guān)重要，而且對提升土壤肥力、改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量以及實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要影響。目前，土壤有機(jī)碳損失和秸稈摻入后新的有機(jī)碳發(fā)展相關(guān)的有機(jī)碳變化幅度仍然需要更深入的研究，特別是針對于土壤呼吸，有機(jī)碳和團(tuán)聚體的組成與變化。西南地區(qū)耕地以旱地為主，占比高達(dá)64.29%，且多數(shù)為坡地。因此，該地區(qū)形成了以旱作為主導(dǎo)的坡耕地農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)模式。作為我國關(guān)鍵的旱地農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)基地，西南旱坡地在維護(hù)西南地區(qū)糧食安全方面扮演了舉足輕重的角色。然而，由于其脆弱的生態(tài)環(huán)境，近幾十年來隨著社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，耕地退化現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Shi</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>38</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[10]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>38</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713871466">38</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Shi,K.F.</author><author>Yang,Q.Y.</author><author>Li,Y.Q.</author><author>Sun,X.F.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>MappingandevaluatingcultivatedlandfallowinSouthwestChinausingmultisourcedata</title><secondary-title>ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ScienceoftheTotalEnvironment</full-title></periodical><pages>987-999</pages><volume>654</volume><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Mar</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0048-9697</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000458630100090</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000458630100090</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.172</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[10]。同時(shí)，在坡耕地改造過程中，新開墾的耕地也會因?yàn)橥寥烙袡C(jī)碳含量偏低、土壤結(jié)構(gòu)不良和養(yǎng)分不足等問題，導(dǎo)致糧食生產(chǎn)率普遍偏低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>李圓圓</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>41</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[11]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>41</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713872630">41</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>李圓圓</author><author>談明洪</author><author>張紅旗</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>中國科學(xué)院地理科學(xué)與資源研究所陸地表層格局與模擬院重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國科學(xué)院大學(xué);</auth-address><titles><title>中國耕地空間格局變化對糧食生產(chǎn)的影響</title><secondary-title>中國工程科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>中國工程科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>90-95</pages><volume>20</volume><number>05</number><keywords><keyword>耕地</keyword><keyword>空間格局</keyword><keyword>糧食生產(chǎn)</keyword><keyword>中國</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>1009-1742</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/kcms2/article/abstract?v=QuBpG80dbeC0XvD0MtbfFPHu8a8m_Duaz6zey6kZ1lb8QaDZOWuFa4ctn78HIVyaGuYXzQbuhcvE5ZPw-WIXuql8ESY0B4CT8Nub8S3IBkV4d_2j9Luw2EckSQ5dkthS061P0TkaaYV8xyTXgsbbXA==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[11]。因此，提高西南地區(qū)坡耕地地力成為了保證糧食安全的關(guān)鍵?；诖?，本研究在前人的基礎(chǔ)上，選取川渝地區(qū)典型土壤類型-紫色土為供試土壤，采用室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，以秸稈為研究對象，深入研究紫色土土壤在秸稈施用情況下的CO2排放動態(tài)及SOC的演變過程，揭示秸稈施用在紫色土中的賦存轉(zhuǎn)化及其對SOC的固持機(jī)制，研究結(jié)果可為利用秸稈提升川渝地區(qū)土壤地力提供理論支持，對保障區(qū)域生態(tài)安全和糧食安全具有重要現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。研究進(jìn)展施用秸稈對土壤呼吸的影響土壤呼吸(soilrespiration,Rs)通常指的是在凋落物層表面測量到的CO2從土壤向大氣的通量。在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)尺度上，Rs主導(dǎo)著生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸作用。其變化不僅影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的碳平衡，還對全球碳循環(huán)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>李丹</Author><RecNum>166</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[12]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>166</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1713060983">166</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>李丹</author><author>馬曉明</author><author>雷佳</author><author>于婕</author><author>周永瑾</author><author>吳春花</author><author>李榮</author><author>侯賢清</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>寧夏大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院;</auth-address><titles><title>不同溝壟覆蓋模式下旱作馬鈴薯田土壤呼吸及有機(jī)碳礦化特征</title><secondary-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>1-17</pages><keywords><keyword>溝壟比</keyword><keyword>覆蓋方式</keyword><keyword>土壤水熱</keyword><keyword>土壤呼吸速率</keyword><keyword>有機(jī)碳礦化</keyword></keywords><dates></dates><isbn>0250-3301</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/doi/10.13227/j.hjkx.202310083</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13227/j.hjkx.202310083</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[12]。此外，Rs、碳分配和土壤碳周轉(zhuǎn)之間的相互關(guān)系意味著通過站點(diǎn)尺度的Rs測量，可以推算或約束其他碳通量ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Bond-Lamberty</Author><Year>2024</Year><RecNum>168</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[13]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>168</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1713061313">168</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Bond-Lamberty,B.</author><author>Ballantyne,A.</author><author>Berryman,E.</author><author>Fluet-Chouinard,E.</author><author>Jian,J.S.</author><author>Morris,K.A.</author><author>Rey,A.</author><author>Vargas,R.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TwentyYearsofProgress,Challenges,andOpportunitiesinMeasuringandUnderstandingSoilRespiration</title><secondary-title>JournalofGeophysicalResearch-Biogeosciences</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofGeophysicalResearch-Biogeosciences</full-title></periodical><volume>129</volume><number>2</number><dates><year>2024</year><pub-dates><date>Feb</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>2169-8953</isbn><accession-num>WOS:001177288300004</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:001177288300004</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>e2023JG007637</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1029/2023jg007637</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[13]。研究表明，秸稈添加可能是影響土壤呼吸的重要因素，研究秸稈施用對土壤呼吸的不同影響，對于了解未來氣候情景下農(nóng)田的土壤碳循環(huán)至關(guān)重要ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>于雅茜</Author><Year>2023</Year><RecNum>171</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[14]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>171</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1713061561">171</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>于雅茜</author><author>裴久渤</author><author>劉維</author><author>王萌萌</author><author>尹思佳</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)土地與環(huán)境學(xué)院/土肥高效利用國家工程研究中心/農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部東北耕地保育重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;</auth-address><titles><title>~(13)C富集玉米根、莖、葉添加對長期不施肥和施肥處理棕壤土壤呼吸的影響及其激發(fā)效應(yīng)</title><secondary-title>土壤學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>土壤學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>1077-1087</pages><volume>60</volume><number>04</number><keywords><keyword>農(nóng)田土壤呼吸</keyword><keyword>土壤有機(jī)碳</keyword><keyword>玉米不同部位秸稈還田</keyword><keyword>穩(wěn)定碳同位素示蹤</keyword><keyword>激發(fā)效應(yīng)</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2023</year></dates><isbn>0564-3929</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/urlid/32.1119.P.20220914.1750.002</url></related-urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[14]。與空白對照相比，秸稈施用地塊的土壤呼吸增加20%，而添加的作物秸稈的分解是土壤呼吸的生物源。土壤呼吸的增加部分源于作物秸稈的直接分解。秸稈分解速率隨試驗(yàn)時(shí)間的增加而顯著降低ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Chen</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>173</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[15]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>173</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="fa50era0afat24edav7ppxztfrrpdstwresd"timestamp="1713061931">173</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Chen,S.T.</author><author>Wang,J.</author><author>Zhang,T.T.</author><author>Hu,Z.H.</author><author>Zhou,G.Y.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Warmingandstrawapplicationincreasedsoilrespirationduringthedifferentgrowingseasonsbychangingcropbiomassandleafareaindexinawinterwheat-soybeanrotationcropland</title><secondary-title>Geoderma</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Geoderma</full-title></periodical><volume>391</volume><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Jun</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0016-7061</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000625877700012</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000625877700012</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>114985</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.114985</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[15]。然而，也有研究表明，Rs隨著秸稈添加量的增加而增加，但過量的秸稈施用會降低Rs，這一結(jié)果可歸因于秸稈添加增加了土壤碳，充足的碳源促進(jìn)了微生物生長，碳氮比的增加使土壤微生物受氮的限制ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2022</Year><RecNum>26</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[16]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>26</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713082047">26</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,S.L.</author><author>Cui,Y.X.</author><author>Xia,Z.Q.</author><author>Zhang,X.H.</author><author>Zhu,M.M.</author><author>Gao,Y.</author><author>An,S.Y.</author><author>Yu,W.T.</author><author>Ma,Q.</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Themechanismofthedoseeffectofstrawonsoilrespiration:Evidencefromenzymaticstoichiometryandfunctionalgenes</title><secondary-title>SoilBiology&Biochemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>SoilBiology&Biochemistry</full-title></periodical><volume>168</volume><dates><year>2022</year><pub-dates><date>May</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>0038-0717</isbn><accession-num>WOS:000793242400009</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url><GotoISI>://WOS:000793242400009</url></related-urls></urls><custom7>108636</custom7><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108636</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[16]。施用秸稈對土壤有機(jī)碳組成與含量的影響在全球尺度上，SOC含有的碳量大約是大氣中二氧化碳的三倍。因此，SOC庫存的小幅增加可以對CO2濃度產(chǎn)生實(shí)質(zhì)性影響ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>張博</Author><RecNum>2</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[17]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>2</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713062455">2</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>張博</author><author>劉會敏</author><author>畢鑫宇</author><author>高航</author><author>宋媛</author><author>胡亞鮮</author><author>栗現(xiàn)文</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水利與建筑工程學(xué)院;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)旱區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)水土工程教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)水土保持科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院黃土高原土壤侵蝕與旱地農(nóng)業(yè)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;</auth-address><titles><title>不同含水量及凍結(jié)溫度對黑土凍融循環(huán)過程有機(jī)碳礦化的影響</title><secondary-title>水土保持學(xué)報(bào)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>水土保持學(xué)報(bào)</full-title></periodical><pages>1-8</pages><keywords><keyword>土壤有機(jī)碳礦化</keyword><keyword>土壤含水量</keyword><keyword>凍融循環(huán)</keyword><keyword>凍結(jié)溫度</keyword><keyword>黑土</keyword></keywords><dates></dates><isbn>1009-2242</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/doi/10.13870/ki.stbcxb.2024.04.006</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13870/ki.stbcxb.2024.04.006</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[17]。SOC是全球陸地碳循環(huán)最大的碳庫，通過光合作用將大氣二氧化碳封存至土壤有機(jī)碳是低成本高收益的固碳措施。同時(shí)，土壤固碳也被認(rèn)為是實(shí)現(xiàn)作物產(chǎn)能提升和保障糧食安全的重要措施ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>劉天鴻</Author><RecNum>6</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[18]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>6</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713064307">6</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>劉天鴻</author><author>鄔磊</author><author>梁飛</author><author>王軍</author><author>任科宇</author><author>徐明崗</author><author>湯水榮</author><author>張文菊</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>海南大學(xué)熱帶農(nóng)林學(xué)院;中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全國重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;</auth-address><titles><title>施用改良劑對砂質(zhì)土壤有機(jī)碳含量影響的整合分析</title><secondary-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>環(huán)境科學(xué)</full-title></periodical><pages>1-16</pages><keywords><keyword>土壤改良劑</keyword><keyword>砂質(zhì)土壤改良</keyword><keyword>土壤有機(jī)碳</keyword><keyword>土壤肥力</keyword><keyword>整合分析</keyword></keywords><dates></dates><isbn>0250-3301</isbn><urls><related-urls><url>/doi/10.13227/j.hjkx.202401108</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.13227/j.hjkx.202401108</electronic-resource-num><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[18]。研究結(jié)果表明，在秸稈處理下，SOC含量顯著增加了14.2%，證實(shí)秸稈還田對SOC有持續(xù)積極的影響ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>溫美娟</Author><Year>2024</Year><RecNum>9</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[19]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>9</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="r92f0099qdesx6eevzk5xssd0r22wpzz22sd"timestamp="1713066933">9</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">溫美娟</style><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">,</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset=