2025年大學《印度尼西亞語》專業(yè)題庫——印尼音標與發(fā)音規(guī)范考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、請將下列各組音標中，發(fā)音不同的一項選擇出來。1.a)/p//b//t//d/b)/k//g//c//j/c)/s//z//r//l/d)/m//n//?//ng/2.a)/i//?/b)/a//?/c)/u//?/d)/o//u/3.a)/t?s//d?z/b)/p?f//f/c)/k?l//l/d)/t??//d??/4.a)/?//h/b)/m//?/c)/j//w/d)/p//b/二、請為下列每個印尼語單詞標注重音和聲調符號。1.kapal2.raksasa3.tolong4.bapak5.jalan6.sayuran7.makan8.belajar三、請寫出下列用音標標注的印尼語單詞。1./panggih/2./mama/3./saya/4./anak/5./jauh/6./terus/7./cinta/8./indah/四、請改正下列印尼語單詞中標注的發(fā)音錯誤（用正確的音標或符號替換），并簡要說明錯誤原因。1.Word:*kaca*(錯誤標注:/kak?/)Correct:_______________Reason:_______________2.Word:*ambun*(錯誤標注:/?m?n/)Correct:_______________Reason:_______________3.Word:*buku*(錯誤標注:/b?ku/)Correct:_______________Reason:_______________五、請解釋下列印尼語音標或發(fā)音規(guī)則的含義或特點。1.請解釋印尼語音標/ny/與/ng/的區(qū)別。2.請解釋印尼語高升調'A'和高降調'a'的區(qū)別及其在詞義表達中的作用。3.請說明印尼語中輔音/s/和/z/的發(fā)音區(qū)別。4.請解釋印尼語單詞中"ai","au","oi"這三個雙元音的發(fā)音規(guī)則。六、請將下列句子中的每個單詞都標注出發(fā)音符號（包括元音、輔音、聲調符號）。1.Anak-anaksedangbermaindidepanrumah.2.Kamuperlumembawabukukekantorbesok.七、請辨別下列各組單詞中，只有第一個單詞的發(fā)音完全正確，請指出第二個單詞發(fā)音中的至少三個錯誤之處，并說明原因。1.Word1:*rumah*(/ru.mah/)Word2:*ruma*(/ru.m?/)Errors:1._______________2._______________3._______________2.Word1:*duduk*(/du.duk/)Word2:*dok*(/d?k/)Errors:1._______________2._______________3._______________八、請根據印尼語發(fā)音規(guī)則，預測下列組合中哪個詞語是可能存在的，哪個不太可能或不存在，并說明理由。1.a)*kapalai*(可能/不可能)Reason:_______________2.b)*cicil*(可能/不可能)Reason:_______________3.c)*mulai*(可能/不可能)Reason:_______________4.d)*belibeli*(可能/不可能)Reason:_______________試卷答案一、1.c)Reason:/s/isvoicelessalveolarfricative,/z/isvoicedalveolarfricative.2.d)Reason:/o/isclose-midbackroundedvowel,/u/isclosebackroundedvowel.3.a)Reason:/t?s/isalveolaraffricate,/d?z/isalveolaraffricate.4.b)Reason:/m/isbilabialnasal,/?/isvelarnasal.二、1.kapal(kap?l)2.raksasa(raks?s?)3.tolong(t?l??)4.bapak(bap?k)5.jalan(jalan)6.sayuran(s?j?r?n)7.makan(mak?n)8.belajar(b?l?j?r)三、1.panggih2.mama3.saya4.anak5.jauh6.terus7.cinta8.indah四、1.Word:*kaca*(錯誤標注:/kak?/)Correct:/kak?/Reason:Thevowelin'kaca'is/?/(shortschwa),not/a/(longopenbackunroundedvowel).'Kaca'meansglass.2.Word:*ambun*(錯誤標注:/?m?n/)Correct:/?m?n/Reason:Thevowelin'ambun'is/?/(openfrontunroundedvowel),not/?/.'Ambun'meanssmell.3.Word:*buku*(錯誤標注:/b?ku/)Correct:/b?ku/Reason:Thevowelin'buku'is/?/(closebackroundedvowel),not/u/.'Buku'meansbook.五、1./ny/ispalatalnasal,producedbythetonguetipnearthealveolarridgeandthetonguebodyraisedtowardsthesoftpalate,like'ny'inEnglish'canyon'./ng/isvelarnasal,producedbythebackofthetonguetouchingthesoftpalate,like'ng'inEnglish'sing'or'singapore'.2.'A'(highleveltone)isaflat,highpitch.'a'(highfallingtone)startsatahighpitchandfalls.Theycanchangethemeaningofwords,e.g.,'saya'(A)meansI/me,while'sa'(a)meanssalt.3./s/isvoicelessalveolarfricative,voicecordvibrationdoesnotoccurduringproduction,like's'inEnglish'sit'./z/isvoicedalveolarfricative,voicecordvibrationoccurs,like'z'inEnglish'zoo'or'is'.4."ai"is/a?/(like'eye'),"au"is/a?/(like'ow'),"oi"is/??/(like'oy'in'boy').Thesediphthongsstartwithvowel/a/,/a/,/?/respectivelyandglideto/?/,/?/,/?/.六、1.Anak-anak/?n?k?n/sedang/s?d??/bermain/b?rma?n/di/d?/depan/d?pɑn/rumah/ru.mah/2.Kamu/kamu/perlu/p?rl?/membawa/m?mba??/buku/b?ku/ke/k?/kantor/kɑ?tor/besok/b?s?k/七、1.Word1:*rumah*(/ru.mah/)Word2:*ruma*(/ru.m?/)Errors:1.Vowel/u/in'ruma'isincorrectfor'rumah',shouldbe/?/.2.Vowel/?/in'ruma'isincorrectfor'rumah',shouldbe/?/.3.聲調符號缺失,'rumah'shouldbe/ru.mah/withafallingtone.2.Word1:*duduk*(/du.duk/)Word2:*dok*(/d?k/)Errors:1.Vowel/u/in'dok'isincorrectfor'duduk',shouldbe/?/.2.Vowel/?/in'dok'isincorrectfor'duduk',shouldbe/u/.3.聲調符號缺失,'duduk'shouldendwithafallingtone/duk/.八、1.a)*kapalai*(不可能)Reason:Thesequence/palai/violatestherulethatadjacentvowels/a/and/a/arenottypicallycombinedinstandardIndonesianpronunciation;itwouldbeexpectedas'kapal'+'ai'orsimilarstructure,notasasinglewordwiththisspelling.2.b)*cicil*(可能)Reason:Thesequence/sicil/followsstandardIndonesianphonotactics,combiningtheconsonantcluster/s/+/c/+/i/+/l/.'Cicil'meanstinyorstingy.3.c)*mulai*(可能)Reason:Thesequence/mulai/followsstandardIndonesianphonotactics,combiningtheconsonantcluster/m/+/l/+/ai/.'Mulai'meanstostart.4.d)*belibeli*(不可能)Reas