目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u中西方餐飲文化差異研究 4Introduction 52.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultures 62.1culturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncatering 6（1）CharacteristicsofChinesefoodculture 6（2）Characteristicsofwesterncateringculture 72.2differencesinfoodmaterialsofwesterncateringculture 112.3differencesbetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultureetiquette 113.InteractionandfunctionofChineseandWesterncateringculture 124.Conclusion 14參考文獻(xiàn): 17中西方餐飲文化差異研究【中文摘要】:隨著國際的交流與發(fā)展，中西方飲食文化差異越來越明顯。飲食文化在世界文化中起著非常重要的作用，因此不同的國家有自己不同的飲食文化特點(diǎn)。在不同的文化背景下，無論是在文化觀念、餐飲食材、餐桌禮儀、還是用餐餐具等方面，這些顯而易見的不同。主要表現(xiàn)為中方和西方餐飲文化差異，餐飲食材制作差異，飯桌禮儀差異，還有使用餐具方面等差異。雖然中西方飲食文化差異明顯，但是各有長處。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化及信息交流的加快，中西方飲食文化將在碰撞中不斷融合，相互互補(bǔ)。為了中西餐飲文化在交流中共同發(fā)展，必須做到取長補(bǔ)短，相互吸收，相互補(bǔ)充。例如了解中西方不同的文化觀念，歷來也是學(xué)習(xí)英語的一個重要組成部分，尤其是跨文化跨交流跨地域交際的重要組成部分。對于英語學(xué)習(xí)者而言，中西方文化的一個重要組成部分就是飲食文化，這也是至關(guān)重要的一大組成部分。我們只有很好的了解這種文化，才能在中外交流中做到有禮有節(jié)，如魚得水。因此，對于中西方餐飲文化差異的研究不僅是對我國本身文化上有一定交流和積極影響，也是對全世界范圍內(nèi)的文化交流起到促進(jìn)作用。所以對中西方飲食文化差異的研究是必須要積極和重要對待的?！居⑽恼?Withtheinternationalexchangeanddevelopment,thedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternfoodculturearebecomingmoreandmoreobvious.Foodcultureplaysaveryimportantroleinworldculture,sodifferentcountrieshavedifferentcharacteristicsoffoodculture.Indifferentculturalbackgrounds,whetheritisculturalconcepts,foodingredients,tableetiquette,ordiningtableware,theseobviousdifferences.ThemainmanifestationsarethedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultures,differencesintheproductionoffoodandbeveragematerials,differencesintableetiquette,andtheuseoftableware.AlthoughthereareobviousdifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternfoodculture,eachhasitsownadvantages.Withtheaccelerationofeconomicglobalizationandtheexchangeofinformation,ChineseandWesternfoodcultureswillcontinuetomergeandcomplementeachotherincollisions.ForthecommondevelopmentofChineseandWesterncateringculturesintheexchange,wemustlearnfromeachother'sstrengths,complementeachother,andcomplementeachother.Forexample,understandingthedifferentculturalconceptsofChinaandtheWesthasalwaysbeenanimportantpartoflearningEnglish,especiallyanimportantpartofcross-culturalandcross-regionalcommunication.ForEnglishlearners,animportantpartofChineseandWesterncultureisfoodculture,whichisalsoaveryimportantpart.OnlywhenwehaveagoodunderstandingofthisculturecanwebepoliteandcourteousinSino-foreignexchanges,suchasfishandwater.Therefore,thestudyofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncateringculturesnotonlyhasacertaindegreeofcommunicationandpositiveinfluenceonChina'sownculture,butalsopromotesculturalexchangesaroundtheworld.Therefore,thestudyofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterndietaryculturesmustbetreatedactivelyandimportantly.關(guān)鍵詞：飲食文化、文化差異、影響Keywords:DietCulture,culturaldifferences,influenceIntroduction"Clothing,food,living,travelling,""soysauce,vinegar,""peoplerelyonfoodforthesky"areallleftoverfromancientsayings.ItcanbeseenthatChina's"eating"cultureisalsoextensiveandprofound,otherwisethereisnosuchthingas"eatinganddrinking".Peopleusedtobefulltosurvive,butnow,withthecontinuousimprovementofpeople'seconomiclevelandcontinuouschangesinlifestyles,globalizationisslowlyinfiltratingintoourlives,andpeople'srequirementsforthequalityofdietaregettinghigherandhigher.NowthatChinaisinlinewiththeworld,someKFC,McDonald's,PizzaHutandotherfastfoodsandWesternfoodsaremoreandmoreinfiltratedintoChinesecateringculture.Chinesefoodcultureisadeep,multi-angledandhigh-qualitylong-termregionalculture,andChinesefoodisslowlybeingacceptedandlikedbymanywesterncountries.Nowadays,Chinesepeoplegotoallovertheworldandbringourfoodculture,andforeignersalsograduallycomeintoChinaandspreadtheirfoodculture,sotherewillbeasituationwheremanydifferentfoodculturescoexist.Inthecateringproducts,therearealsodifferentdegreesofdifferencesinrawmaterials,tableware,tableetiquette,andeatinghabits.Itispreciselybecauseofthesedifferencesthatthecateringproductshaveastrongdifferenceandhell.TherearemanydifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWest,andthisisevenmoreprominentincatering.Withthecontinuousextensionandintegrationofculturalexchanges,thecultural,economic,andpoliticaltiesbetweenChinaandwesterncountrieshavebecomecloser.Astheoldsayinggoes,ifyouwanttobefriendswithothers,youmustfirstknowwhatotherslikeanddislike.StudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternculturesandfoodculturescanhelpusbetterunderstandthedifferentcustomsandhabits,theworldview,andeventheorientationofvalues.Atthesametime,asanimportantpartofcross-culturalcommunication,understandingthedifferencesbetweenwesternfoodcultureanduscanhelpustobetter,moreclearlyandobjectivelyviewthefundamentaldifferencesbetweencultures.ThisisalsoanimportantstepforustolookatWesternculturebetterandmorerationally.AsChineseandWesternculturesbecomecloser,understandingthedifferencesandcommonalitiesbetweenthemisthekeytoachievingamorecolorfulandcolorfullifeforpeople.2.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultures2.1ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultureChinahasbeenprofoundlyinfluencedbyConfucianism,Taoism,andBuddhismforthepastfivethousandyears.TheideologicalfoundationsofwesterncountrieshavetheirrootsintheEuropeanRenaissance,Christianity,andancientGreekandRomanculture.Therefore,therearegreatdifferencesbetweenChinaandtheWestinmanyaspects,notonlyculturaldifferences,butalsoinfoodandbeverage.

Westerners'pursuitoffoodnutritiongoesfarbeyondcolorandflavor.Theyattachimportancetotheanalysisoffoodnutritionalcomponents.Whetherthenutritionalcontentisreasonableandwhetheritmeetsthescientificrequirementsisanimportantstandardforwesternerstoevaluatecuisine.

TheChinesealsopayattentiontodietandnutrition,butmostofthemarebasedonthetasteoffoodandthepursuitofdeliciousness.Forthousandsofyears,ChinesetraditionaldietculturehasemphasizedConfucianism,Taoism,Buddhismandotherideologicalconceptswithstrongemotions,andbasedonthis,itisokaytoexplore,whichisrelativelydifferentfromthebasicpursuitofdietandnutritionintheWest.Ingeneral:

ThehigheststandardofChineseevaluationofcuisineisdeliciousness,

Thehigheststandardforwesternerstoevaluatecuisineisnutrition.CharacteristicsofChinesefoodcultureThecookingtechniqueofChinesecolor,fragranceandtasteaimstopursuetasteanddelicacy.Intheprocessofcooking,fryingwithhotoilandslowstewingwithslowfireforalongtimewilldestroytheinternalnutrientsofdishes.Therefore,whenitcomestonutrition,itisalsooneofthebiggestweaknessesofChinesediet.Althoughwealwayspayattentiontodietotherapyandtonic,andkeephealthybyeating,butourcookingisonlytopursuetasteandtaste,somanynutrientshavebeenlostintheprocessingprocess.Inrecentyears,whenChinesechefstakepartintheworldcookingcompetition,whentheyserveadish,theywillclearlydistinguishthenutritionalcomponentsofthedish,butourChinesefoodcan'tcomeupwiththisform.SothenutritionalcomponentisalsoanimportantpartoftheTaowearenowawareof.Weregardthepursuitofdeliciousfoodasanimportantpointofourdiet.Chinesepeoplealwayssay"colorandfragrancearegood"whentheypraisedeliciousfood.That'sbecausewefeelthesenseorgansofcolorandfragrance"eyes,noseandmouth".Therefore,people'sheartto"color,fragranceandtaste"hasalwaysbeenbasedontheword"taste"asthefirstpremise.BecauseChinesepeopleattachgreatimportancetotaste,someChinesedishesareonlythecarrieroftaste,suchasthewell-knownraredishesseacucumber,fishlip,sharkfin,bearpawandhump.Theirmainingredientsareanimalgluesimilartocheapmeatskin,whichisnotdelicious.Theyarefedwithfreshsoup,fedwithit,andthenfedwithit.Isn'tthisreallythetastecarrier?CharacteristicsofwesterncateringcultureOnthecontrary,Westerncookingpaysattentiontonutritionandignorestaste,atleastnotfortheprimarypurposeoftasteenjoyment.Theyoftentakecolddrinksasoneoftheirmeals.Forexample,iceisaddedtothecolddrinkstoseektheicestimulationofthetipofthetongue,butoncethetastenervesonthesurfaceofthetonguearefrozen,theywilllosethesensitivityoftasteandcannotrecognizethetaste.Therearealsobloodysteakandwhitefishmeat,rawvegetables,whiteboiledbeans,andwhiteboiledpotatoes,whichhave"taste"butdonotenter"Tao",sothereisno"taste",whichcanreflectthewesterners'ignoranceoftaste,especiallytheirrefusaltousemonosodiumglutamateandchickenessence,whichfurtherprovesthatthisgenerationisapersonwhodoesnotknowthetaste,notaguestof"tasteperception"!Basedontheimportanceofnutrition,mostwesternpeopleprefertoeatvegetablesraw,notonlytomatoes,cucumbers,evencabbage,onions,broccoli,etc.Sotheir"salad"islikeadishofsheepfeed,whichmakesitdifficultforustoswallow.ModernChinesepeoplealsotalkaboutnutritionandhealthcare.Theyalsoknowthatoncethevegetablesareheated,thevitaminswillbedestroyed.Therefore,weadvocatestirfryingthemwithhighheat.Althoughitcanalsodestroyvitamins,itwillnotcausecompleteloss,andthetasteismuchbetterthansheepfeed.Therefore,modernChinesecookingaimsatthebestbalancebetweennutritionandtaste,whichisalsoa"middleway".Differentemphasisonfood,Chinesefoodconceptfocusesonbeauty,theymainlyfocusonthedelicioustasteoffood.Theshapeandcolorofdishesareexternalthings,whilethetasteisinternalthings.Itpaysattentiontotheinternalbutdoesnotdeliberatelydecoratetheappearance.Itpaysattentiontothetasteofdishesbutdoesnotshowtheshapeandcolorofdishestoomuch,whichisthemostimportantperformanceofChineseaestheticdiet.Therefore,intheChinesediet,inordertopursuedeliciousfood,itoftenleadstothelackofsomenutrients.Thewesternconceptofdietemphasizesrationality.Theybasicallyunderstanddietfromtheperspectiveofnutrition.Intheiropinion,nutritionmustbeguaranteedregardlessofthecolor,fragrance,tasteandshapeoffood.Therefore,aslongasthenutritionissufficient,theydon'tmindthesingleandpoortasteoffood.Therearemanydifferencesintheconcept,objectandwayofeatingbetweenChinaandthewest,whichleadstotheformationoftwodifferenteatingnatures:livingforeatingandeatingforliving.2.2DifferencesinfoodmaterialsbetweenChineseandWesterncateringculturesChinesefoodculturemainlyoriginatesfromfarmingculture,whichdeterminesthatChinesefoodstructureisdominatedbycropsandsupplementedbymeat.Moreover,Chinahasavastterritory,fertileland,highplantingtechnology,andabundantnaturalfoodcrops.Onthecontrary,animalbreedingisless,soiteatsmorefood.Chinesedietculturestructureismainlycomposedofgrain,beans,vegetables,fruits,cerealsandotherplantfood,andthenthemainandnon-staplefoodareclearlydefined.ThemainfoodisCereals,non-staplefoodisfruitsandvegetables,plusasmallamountofallkindsofmeat.Therefore,whenpreparingmeals,theChinesedietismainlygreenplants,supplementedbypoultryandanimals.Themainfoodismainlyriceandpasta,andthebeverageismainlyteaandliquor.TheWesterndietculturemainlyoriginatesfromanimalhusbandryculture,whichdeterminesthattheWesterndietstructureespeciallyfocusesonmeatanddairyproducts.Inwesterncountries,becauseclimate,region,latitudeandotherfactorsarenotsuitableforplantingcrops,animalhusbandryisthemainway,agricultureistheauxiliary.Moreover,thewesternanimalbreedingtechnologyishigher,themeatproductionismore,andthedairyproductsarerelativelymore.Theagriculturalproductsaremainlywheat,grapes,etc.,sothedietismainlyanimalbased.Andinthewesternfoodstructuresystem,animaldishesarealsothemajority,mainlydailybeef,mutton,chicken,pork,etc.,with"threehigh(highprotein,highfat,highheatenergy)characteristics.Therefore,theproportionofmeatinthediethasbeenveryhigh.Untilmoderntimesinthewest,theplantingindustrybegantopaymoreattention,buttheproportionofmeatinthedietisstillhigherthanthatoftheChinese.Therefore,theWesterndietismainlyanimalbased,supplementedbyplants,andthemainfoodisbreadandmeat(cattle,sheep,chicken).Drinksaremainlycoffee,wineandmilk.WeknowthatthereareobviousdifferencesinthedietarystructurebetweenChinaandtheWest.TheChinesedietismainlycomposedofgrainsandgrains.Inthecaseoflessmeatandmoregrains,thesupplementaryfoodisfruitsandvegetables,thatis,riceisthemainfoodandvegetablesareforthepurposeofeating;whiletheWesterndietismainlycomposedofmeatandmilk,supplementedbygrains.OnthecontraryofChinesediet,thisdifferentdietstructureiscloselyrelatedtothegeographicalenvironment,historyandcultureofChinaandtheWest.InancientChinaandeveninmoderntimes,agriculturehasalwaysbeentherepresentativeofadvancedproductivity.Thegovernmentsofalldynastieswillissuevariousmeasurestoencouragethedevelopmentofagriculture,soagricultureaccountsforalargeproportion.Atthesametime,otherindustrieswillbecorrespondinglyrestrained,andcropswillbecomethemainsourceoffood.People'slivesaremainlyprovidedwithgrainsandgrains,andfruitfoodalsoplaysanauxiliaryrole.Meatfoodcanonlyberegardedasarareornament.Differentfoodculturesdeterminedifferentlifestyles.Westernpeoplehaveastrongsenseoftimeandfastpaceoflife,sobreakfastandChinesefoodaresimpleandfast.Therefore,westernpeoplemainlymakefastmealssuchashamburgers,sandwichesandPanini,sofastfoodrestaurantsareeverywhere.However,inmostareasofChina,thepaceoflifeisrelativelyslow.Hotfoodisthemainfoodforthreemeals.Foodchoicesarealsorelativelydiverse,cookingmethodsarecomplexandtime-consuming.EntertainingisalsooneofthemorehospitablewaysforChinesepeople,sotherichdishesarealsothemainreason.2.3ThedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultureandetiquetteFirstofall,fromancienttimestillnow,theChinesebigfamilydiningtogetheristheculturethathasbeenkeptandpasseddown.Therefore,whenweeattogetheratthesametable,wewilltoasteachother,disheachother,andsaysometoastwordsandthankstoeachother.TheWestadvocatesfreedom,andtheservingofindividualdishesishighlyregarded,andfoodisselectedaccordingtoone'sownwill.Thefirstistheuseofdifferentdiningutensils.ChopsticksarethetypicaltablewareoftheChinesepeople,whileknivesandforksareusedbytheAmericans.Therearedifferencesinfoodconcept,tablemannersandwaysbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculture.Thespecificnationalculturerepresentedbyitisspreadthroughthepromotionoffoodindustry.Butitisthroughthisdifferentstrategyoffoodindustrythatgreatlyimprovestheinternationalcompetitivenessrepresentedbyourfoodcultureoutput.ThedifferencebetweenChineseandWesternfoodetiquetteismoreobviousinetiquette.InChina,whenyoueattogether,youcan'tjusteatbyyourself.Ifyoueatwithothers,don'tputtheextraricebackinthepot,don'tputthedishesinfrontofyou,anddon'tusechopstickstopickandchooseamongthedishes.Onthewesterndiningtable,thehostusuallyonlytakesdishesfortheguestsonce,andtherestareeatenbythegueststhemselves;iftheguestsdon't,it'snotconvenienttoforceotherstoeatagain,letalonefrequentlypersuadethegueststodrinkandtakedishes.Ifyoutalkwithpeople,youcanonlytalkwiththepeoplewhoarenexttoyou.Don'ttalkwiththepeoplewhoarefarawayfromyou.Atthesametime,theuseoftablewareinChinaandtheWesthavecertainetiquettenorms.Forexample:onthemiddletable,youcan'tplaywithchopsticks.It'sconsideredextremelyimpolitetoknockchopsticksasdrumsticks.Youcan'tpointothersormakegestureswithchopsticks.Inaddition,youshouldneverputchopsticksinyourmouthtosuck,orputthemuprightinrice.InChineseeyes,thisisabigtaboo,becauseitwillremindpeopleoftheincensecandlessetuprightatfunerals,soit'sunlucky.Westernersalsohavecertaintaboosontheuseofknivesandforks.Forexample:dinersshouldnotholdknivesandforksandpointfingers.Whenyouneedtospeakortalkduringthemeal,it'spolitetoputtheknifeandforkontheplate.It'salsoimpolitetomakeuseofone'sowntablewaretosetdishesforothers.Inaddition,don'tbendovertopickupthefallentableware,don'tcutthetablewarewellatonetime,especiallythetablewarewithsoup,andeatitinsmallpieces.DifferentcookingstandardsinChineseandWesterncookingeverywhereshowthe"random"and"standard"alsoreflectsthedifferentdietculture.Westernersemphasizescienceandnutrition,sotheircookingprocessembodiesscientificityandstandardization.Intheprocessofcooking,Westernerswillfollowtherecipecompletely.Inordertoachieveaccuracy,theywillevenusescales,liquidmeasuringcups,scalepots,etc.Therefore,Westerncookingisoftenmoremechanical,lackofnewideas,nocharacteristicstospeakof.Onthecontrary,Chinesecuisineadvocatesrandomness.InChinesecuisine,itisnotonlystressedthateachmajorcuisineshouldhaveitsownflavorandcharacteristics,butalsostressedthatthemajorcuisinesshouldbecrossedandintegrated.Thesamedish,duetodifferentregions,seasons,objects,functionsandgrades,canbehandleddifferentlyinoperation,sothatitscolor,fragranceandtastecanvary.IfweleavetherandomnessandvarietyofChinesecuisine,wewillloseitsuniquecharm.InChina,cookingisanart,ithasastronginterest,evenwithacertaindegreeofgame.TherearemanyChinesecookingmethods:slip,stew,burn,forever,steam,fry,crispy,stew,grill,stew,explode,fry,casserole,plucksilkandsoon.Thedishesaredazzling.Moreover,Chinesecuisinealsopaysgreatattentiontoknifeworkandfire.Theshapeofthedishescanbecutintomanykinds:pieces,slices,silk,strips,dice,coldsculptures,etc.;differentknifeworkordifferentvegetablescookatdifferenttemperatures,whichmakesthetasteofthedishesandthenutrientscontainedinthemdifferent.WesterncookingmethodsarenotascomplexasChina's.Theyonlypursuethenutritionoffood,onlywanttoeatwell,anddonotpayattentiontothefunoffood.Theirdishesaremainlyfried,fried,steamedandcoldcombined.Thevegetablesareusuallycutintolargepiecesorlargepieces,andthenputintothepotuntiltheyarefullycookedandedible.ThemostbasicdifferencebetweenChineseandwesterntablemannersistheuseoftableware,thatis,Chineseusechopsticks,Westernersuseknivesandforks.Wheneatingwithknivesandforks,itisnecessarytoformaseparatefoodsystemwhencuttingfood;wheneatingwithchopsticks,foodmustbegatheredtogether,sothatfamilymembersmustsitaroundthetable.Atthebeginning,Westernersweredividedintotwogroups,sotheydevelopedanindependentcharacter.Theirchildrenoftenliveindependentlywhentheygrowup,ratherthanrelyingontheirparents.However,thejointmealsystemproducedbytheuseofchopstickshighlightsafamilyunitwheremen,women,oldandyoungsittogether.Therefore,Orientalpeopletendtohaveastrongfamilyconcept.2.4ThedifferenceoftablewarebetweenChineseandWesterncateringcultureChopsticksandknivesarethetwomostrepresentativetablewareinChinaandtheWest.TheyalsohaveadirectimpactonthewayoflifeinChinaandtheWest.InChina,nomatterwhatkindofbanquet,weareallsittingtogetherandsharingameal.The"alltheworld'sfeasts"arealsoderivedfromourtable.Putdeliciousfoodinthemiddleofthetable,itisnotonlytheobjectofatable,butalsothemediumforeveryonetoexchangefeelings.Asweallknow,atthedinnertable,Chinesepeopleliketopersuadeeachothertodrink,dishanddrinktogether.Theygetalongveryharmoniouslyandhavefun.WhenWesternersgatherfordinnerortreat,theydonothavetheenthusiasmofChinesepeopleinpersuadingwineandservingdishes,andtheguestsandhostsarenotsoeasygoing.Theypaymoreattentiontopersonalindependence,thatis,theyeattheirownfood,notsopoliteandeasygoingasChinesepeople.Intermsofdiningutensils,thedifferencesaremoreobvious.Chinesetablewaremainlyconsistsofchopsticks,spoons,cups,plates,bowlsandplatesofvariousshapes.Chinesecuisinealsopaysattentiontovariousshapes,sizesandcolorsoftableware,andissuitableforallkindsofcateringoccasions.Chinesecuisinepaysattentiontothecoordinationandcollocationoftablewareanddishes,andwhatkindoftablewaretobeusedinwhatoccasions,paysmoreattentiontocollocation,andpaysattentionto"utensils".Onlywhenexquisitefoodhasexquisiteutensilscollocation,canitbeconsistentinappearanceandpayattentiontothecollocationandHarmonics.Dishesandutensilstoacertainextenttoachievethe"harmonybetweenmanandnature",theshapeandtexturearecorrespondingtothesame.Thiskindofeatingistreatedasanart,whichnotonlymakespeoplefeelsatisfiedwiththeirfood,butalsomakesthemfeelsatisfiedwiththeireyes.Therefore,intermsoftheperformanceofcateringculturaltableware,Chinapaysmoreattentiontointegrity.Westerntablewareismainlyknivesandforks,supplementedbyvarioustypesofcups,plates,spoonsandcups.Theirtablewarecanbedividedintofivecategories:China,silver,metal,glassware,servingplateandkitchenutensils.Amongthem,China,Metalwareandglasswarehavedifferentkindsandusages.Forexample,teacupsandcoffeecupsaremostlyporcelain,knivesandforksaremostlymetal,whilewatercupsandwinecupsaremostlyglassproducts.Asweallknow,internationalexchangeshavebecomecloserandcloserinrecentyears,sotherearemoreandmorefriendscomingbackfromtheUnitedStatestoChina.Generally,whentheycomebacktohavedinnerwithfriends,theywillshowtwodifferentwaysofeating:thosefromtheUnitedStateswilleatonplates,andthosefromChinawilleatinbowls.ItisakindofAmericanculturethatAmericanseatwithplates;itisakindofChineseculturethatChineseeatwithbowls.ThedifferencebetweenthetwohabitsofusingtablewareisoneoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.ThedevelopmentofChinesetablewarehasaverylonghistory.Theevolutionoftablewarealsorecordsthechangeofpeople'slifestyleandlivingstandard.Thedevelopmentoffoodandtablewareinourcountryiscontinuous.Intheprimitivepotterystage,porcelainisthepeakoftablewaredevelopment.Atthesametime,Chinesepeopleneedtocombinewithtablewarewhentheystudyfood.Suchacombinationcanmakeeatingconvenient,simpleandcanechoeachother.Thisperfectcombinationmakesthebeautyoffoodandutensilsperfectlydisplayed.ThedevelopmentofWesterntablewareisnotonlyanimportantembodimentofhumanprogress,butalsoasymbolofpeople'sprogresstowardsacivilizedsociety.Theprogressofhumanbeingscanbedividedintofastandslow,whichcanbeseenfromthetablewareofWesternfood.ThedevelopmenthistoryofWesterntablewareisrelativelyshort,sothedevelopmentisrelativelyslow.WiththeintroductionofforkintoEuropeancountriesinthe12thcentury,peoplelikethistablewareverymuch,soithasbeenwellinherited.Inthewesterndiningtable,knifeandforkisacommontool.Itismainlytouseknifeandforktodividefoodintosmallpieces,sothatatpresent,knifeandforkarestillusedtogetherinwesterndining.InthedevelopmentofWesterntableware,wecanseethatthesimilaritybetweentheWestandtheEastisthatthedevelopmentofmaterialsdeterminesthedevelopmentoftableware.Therefore,itleadstothedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterndiningutensils.3.InteractionandfunctionofChineseandWesterncateringcultureChineseandWesternculturehasalwaysbeenthedevelopmentoftwogroupsofworldculture,especiallythemostimportantdietculture,whichplaysaveryimportantroleinthetwoculturalfactions.Asyouallknow,Chinaisoneoftheoldestcountriesintheworld,withalonghistoryof5000years.Withthepassageoftime,theregionaldifferencesbetweenthevastterritoryofChinahavegraduallyemerged,"fourmajorcuisines".Butourfourmajorcuisinesarealsoself-containedandhavetheirowncharacteristics,buttheyallhaveonethingincommon,thatis,theywillberepeatedlyrefinedinmaterials,complexinproductionprocess,diverseintaste,strangeinshape,anddifferentintaste.ThewestisrepresentedbyEuropeandtheUnitedStates,anditsculturealsohasalonghistory.Bythemiddleages,Europeanculturehadbeenveryperfect,andtheoldWesternfoodculturehadbeenformed.Itsmaincharacteristicsare:flourasthemainfood,rawmaterialsarerelativelyrich,andtheproductionmethodisrelativelysimplecomparedwithChina,Butatthattime,thetasteofpeoplewasalsoveryhardcore.Theembodimentofpeople'ssocialconceptisalsoadietarycultureshowingtheminiatureofsocialactivities.UnderstandingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietcanpromotetheirrespectivedietaryculturecharacteristics,effectivelycomplementeachother'sstrengthsandweaknesses,extractitsessenceanddiscarditsdross,andbetter