試卷第=page1818頁，共=sectionpages1919頁專題05非謂語動(dòng)詞一：知識講解非謂語動(dòng)詞是語法部分的核心考點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)。它是指在句子中不充當(dāng)謂語的動(dòng)詞形式，包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞）。高中學(xué)考非謂語動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)歸納總結(jié)表非謂語類型基本形式句法功能典型例句考查重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞不定式to+do(主動(dòng))主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)1.

Tolearn

aforeignlanguageisnoteasy.(主語)

2.Hewants

tobecome

adoctor.(賓語)

3.Hisdreamis

toenter

akeyuniversity.(表語)

4.Ihavealotofwork

todo.(定語)

5.Shecame

tosee

me.(目的狀語)

6.Theteachertoldus

tokeep

quiet.(賓補(bǔ))難點(diǎn)1:作定語：不定式與所修飾名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需加相應(yīng)介詞。e.g.aroom

tolivein。難點(diǎn)2:省略to：在感官動(dòng)詞（see,watch,hear等）和使役動(dòng)詞（make,let,have）后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，要省略to（但變被動(dòng)要還原to）。e.g.Isawhim

cross

thestreet.→Hewasseen

tocross

thestreet.tobedone(被動(dòng))Thebookis

tobepublished

nextmonth.(表語)重點(diǎn):表示動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)含義，且通常尚未發(fā)生。tobedoing(進(jìn)行)Heseems

tobesleeping.(表語)重點(diǎn):表示動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行。tohavedone(完成)Iamsorry

tohavekept

youwaiting.(原因狀語)重點(diǎn):表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。動(dòng)名詞V-ing(主動(dòng))主語、賓語、表語、定語1.

Smoking

isharmfultoyourhealth.(主語)

2.Ienjoy

reading

books.(賓語)

3.Hisjobis

driving

abus.(表語)

4.a

swimming

pool(定語)最大難點(diǎn)與重點(diǎn):

1.

只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞：必須牢記，如:enjoy,finish,avoid,deny,consider,practice,suggest,mind,

risk,imagine等。e.g.Wouldyoumind

myopening

thewindow?2.

介詞后的賓語必須用動(dòng)名詞。e.g.Heisgoodat

playing

basketball.beingdone(被動(dòng))Hedidn'tmind

beingleft

aloneathome.(賓語)重點(diǎn):表示被動(dòng)含義。havingdone(完成)Iregret

havingsaid

thosewords.(賓語)重點(diǎn):表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前?，F(xiàn)在分詞V-ing(主動(dòng))定語、表語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)1.a

sleeping

baby(定語，表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行)

2.Thestoryis

touching.(表語，表特性)

3.

Hearing

thenews,hejumpedwithjoy.(時(shí)間狀語)

4.Isawhim

crossing

thestreet.(賓補(bǔ)，表動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)核心難點(diǎn)1:作狀語：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須是句子的主語（主語一致原則），且表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行或原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果等。

核心難點(diǎn)2:與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別：作定語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示用途（a

reading

room閱覽室），現(xiàn)在分詞表示狀態(tài)（a

sleeping

child正在睡覺的孩子）。havingdone(完成主動(dòng))狀語Havingfinished

hishomework,hewentouttoplay.(時(shí)間狀語)重點(diǎn):強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。過去分詞V-ed(被動(dòng)/完成)定語、表語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)1.a

broken

window(定語，表被動(dòng)完成)

2.Hefelt

excited.(表語，表狀態(tài))

3.

Given

moretime,Icoulddoitbetter.(條件狀語)

4.Imustgetmybike

repaired.(賓補(bǔ)，表被動(dòng)完成)核心難點(diǎn)1:與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別：

-

現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行

(a

developing

country發(fā)展中國家)-

過去分詞表被動(dòng)、完成

(a

developed

country發(fā)達(dá)國家)

核心難點(diǎn)2:作狀語：同樣要遵守主語一致原則，且表被動(dòng)或完成的意義。e.g.

Seen

fromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.核心重難點(diǎn)與備考策略判斷邏輯主語（懸垂分詞）非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致，否則就是錯(cuò)誤。錯(cuò)誤示例:

Lookingoutofthewindow,

abeautifulbird

wasseen.(鳥不能自己看向窗外)正確修改:

Lookingoutofthewindow,

I

sawabeautifulbird.2.“todo”還是“doing”？——牢記固定搭配這是必考點(diǎn)。必須背下哪些動(dòng)詞后只能接todo，哪些只能接doing。接todo的常見動(dòng)詞：want,decide,hope,refuse,promise,plan,afford,fail等。接doing的常見動(dòng)詞：enjoy,finish,avoid,deny,consider,practice,suggest,mind,risk,imagine,admit,delay等。接兩者意義差別大的動(dòng)詞：remember/forget/regrettodo：記得/忘記/遺憾要去做某事（未做）remember/forget/regretdoing：記得/忘記/遺憾做過某事（已做）trytodo：盡力做某事trydoing：嘗試做某事stoptodo：停下來去做另一件事stopdoing：停止正在做的事非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)做題時(shí)要有意識地判斷非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系（一般式/完成式）以及它與邏輯主語之間的主被動(dòng)關(guān)系（主動(dòng)式/被動(dòng)式）。解題步驟：1.找邏輯主語；2.判主被動(dòng)；3.判時(shí)間先后。備考建議：分類記憶：將只能接不定式、動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞分別列出清單，反復(fù)記憶。對比練習(xí)：重點(diǎn)練習(xí)現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別、不定式與動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)別。分析句子成分：遇到長難句，先找出主干（主謂賓），再分析非謂語部分在句中作什么成分，邏輯主語是誰。真題演練：多做歷年學(xué)考真題中的語法填空題和單句改錯(cuò)題，這是檢驗(yàn)和鞏固知識的最佳方式。二：習(xí)題訓(xùn)練1．Evenifheoncefeltlike(give)up,henowhasthedeterminationtokeepongoing.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)2．Mygrandpareadsnewspaperseverymorningtokeephimself(update)onthethingshappeningaroundtheworld.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)3．(wash)handsfrequentlyisagoodhabitforourhealth.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)4．(compare)withfacetofacecommunication,booksoftentouchpeople’sheartsbetter.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)5．Theteachertoldtheboy(notplay)footballonthestreet.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)6．Ithinkyoucan’tputoff(go)toseethedentistanylonger.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)7．Performsomeoperations,suchas(obtain)searchresults.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)8．Nextyoudevelopapolicyondeveloping,testing,and(evaluate)services.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)9．In2004,ImovedtoNewYorktotakeapositionatTheNewYorker.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)10．ForatimeanappdeveloperinAmericawassobusy(attend)toworkandfamilythatshesufferedfromsleeplessness.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)11．TheAmericanplanemakerscontinue(accuse)Airbusofunfaircompetition.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)12．Themountaineersfoundithard(orient)themselvesinthefog.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)13．Allatonce,thethreechildren’sfaceslitup,andtheybegan(bounce)aroundinthebackseat,laughingandchattering.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)14．Theycanalsolearngeometryby(assemble)abicycle.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)15．Languageisagift(belong)tohumans.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)16．Heleftthehotel(surround)bycrowdsofjournalists.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)17．I’msendingyourfavoriteredrose(feast)youreyes.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)18．Youhavenochoicebut(break)awayfromtheillegalorganization.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)19．Avoid(announce)yourvacationonyourFacebookpage.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)20．(get)throughallthosemessageseverydayisn'teasy.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)21．By(try)outhisnewEnglishskills,thepupilwillimproveonhisown.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)22．Hecamein,rain(stream)fromhisclothesandhair.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)23．ThelastthingIwantedwas(upset)you.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)24．(surf)theInternetisfun,butit'salsoatimewaster.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)25．Findsomething(inspire)youandit'llkeepyougoing.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)26．(explore)outerspaceisachallengetomankind.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)27．Wouldyoumind(leave)usaloneforafewminutes?(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)28．Theysoughtinvainforsomewhere(shelter).(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)29．Theywereaccusedof(aid)himinhisescape.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)30．Theyfoundthebag(bury)beneathapileofleaves.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)31．Thenewleaderhopes(unify)thecountry.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)32．Thecostof(live)hasrisensharply.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)33．Graduallyadd1cupofmilk,(stir)untiltheliquidisabsorbed.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)34．Alargeorganizationcanbeslow(adapt)tochange.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)35．WhenImarriedandhadkids,Ifoundmeaninginprotectingand(watch)overthoseIloved.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)36．Weoncewatchedaredfox(attack)asmalldog.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)37．Manyspeciesofanimalsareindangerof(die)out.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)38．Thiswillpushme(observe)mylifecarefullyandthinkalot.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)39．Howcouldanyonefindpleasurein(hunt)andkillingthisbeautifulcreature?(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)40．Wecouldn’tmakehishandwriting.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)41．Iamchecking.Couldyougivemethebill?(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)42．Ihadneverreallylearned(type)properly.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)43．Even(transport)thatamountofgaswouldbeahugetask.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)44．Isthereanymeansof(contact)him?(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)45．(apply)forjobscanbealongandpainfulprocess.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)46．Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnature,sotheonlywayforustosurviveis(live)inharmonywithnature.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)47．It’sapparentlyrareforanyone(have)twolegsthesamelength.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)48．Inthefuture,wewillhavehandyrobotsandcomputerstoassistusin(do)thethingsthatareboring.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）49．ThisisnotthefirsttimeIhaveheardhername(mention).（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）50．Ithinkitanhonor(invite)tospeakatsuchanimportantconference.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)51．Lotsofpeoplefinditdifficult(fit)readingintotheirdailyroutine.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)52．Inordertoenlargemyvocabulary,Imakeitarule(take)notes.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)53．Adam’sfatherthinkitnouse(take)onlinecoursewithoutself-discipline.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）54．Hewasterrified(stay)homealone.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)55．Inthissense,itissecure(stay)inthatremotevillageforashorttime.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)56．Youmustprovideamedicalcertificateindicatingyouarefit.(work)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)57．Thegovernmenthasgiventoppriorityto(reform)thetaxsystem.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)58．Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orrisk(sideline)andperhapsevenworse.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)59．Despitetheriskof(starve)todeath,shechosetofollowherdreamandbecomeanartist.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)60．Thewoundsrarelyseemtoget(infect),eventhoughtheyoftenfight.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)61．IamwritingtoletyouknowhowmuchIappreciateyour(help)mysonRobertlastThursdaywhenheinjuredhisleg.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)62．Theboatwasfilledwithwaterandsank,andToadfoundhimself(struggle)indeepwater.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)63．Weaskedher(describe)whatkindofthingsshedidinhersparetime.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)64．Ienjoy(appreciate)scenerybytheriverbank.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)65．Itistime(pay)attentiontooursurroundingenvironment.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)66．Thecomplexeconomicsituationinthisregion,(influence)byfactorsliketradepolicies,marketfluctuations,andresourceavailability,isshowingsignsofimprovement.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)67．Wethankthemfor(contribute)tothedevelopmentofthiswebsite.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)68．Inaway,itwashisfaultfor(give)waytohiswifeeverytime.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)69．MoreandmorepeopleareturningtoTVortheInternetforentertainment,(lead)toasharpfallingoingtothecinema.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)70．Sheisaccusedof(attempt)tocheattheold.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)71．It’sdifficult(preserve)yourdignitywhenyouhavenojobandnohome.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)72．Amazing!Iamalwaysdreaming(download)thisEnglishsong.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)73．Heishardlylikely(admit)hewaswrong.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)74．We’velearnedhow(balance)workandfreetime.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)75．(promote)ecologicaltourismisanotherwaytohelpsavetheirhabitat.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)76．Weareasked(investigate)whyshewasnothappywithherhusband.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)77．Sheholdshisarmfirmly(keep)balance.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)78．ProfessorSalovey,whoinventedthetermEQ,givesthefollowingdescription:atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouemployed,butitisEQthatgetsyou.(promote)(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)79．Itisforbidden(remark)oncurrentaffairsinpublicinsomecountries.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）80．Shetriestokeepfitby(jog)everyday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)81．Theweatherwasfineenoughfor(work)outoutdoors.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)82．I’dliketothankeveryonefor(come)alongandsupportingustoday.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)83．Iusedtosmoke,butIgaveacoupleofyearsago.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)84．Shemadeafanningmotion,(pretend)tocoolherselfoff.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)85．We’regoingtogo(ski)togetheronThursdaymorning.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)86．Itisthebestway(approach)thisdifficultproblem.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)87．It’sagreatpitythatmanyactivitiessuchaslisteningtomusic,watchingTV,playinggames,goingonlinetakemuchofourreadingtime.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)88．WhenIgetseasick,Ithrowmyfood.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)89．Hewasmotivatedbythemotto.Theathletecalledo