UNIT1ScienceandScientists

A組?基礎(chǔ)鞏固

I.語法填空

A

Waybackin1674,afroghelpedAntonievanLeeuwenhoekmakeanincrediblediscovery.

AntoniewasanamateurscientistfromHolland,sofascinatedbymicroscopes1.he'dbuilt

someofhisown.Onerainyday,ashewentforawalk,aleapingfrog2.(draw)his

attentiontoapuddle.

Antoniecollectedadropofpuddlewaterandputit3.hismicroscope.Hewas

amazed4.(see)awholecommunityofcreaturesswimminginthisonedrop—tiny

beingsnoonehadeverseenbefore.

Thesetinybeings,calledmicrobes,areeverywhere:indirt,infoodandonyourkitchentable.

People5.(cover)inthem,too.6.youweretocountallthemicrobesonand

insideyourbody,youwouldfindyourbodyhasmoremicrobesthantheworldhaspeople—over6

billion!

Microbescan'tsurviveon7.(they)own.Theyneedfood.After8.(settle)

intoahome—you,forinstance—theystealvitaminsandothernutrientsandleavebehinddead

cellsandpoisonousliquidscalledtoxins.Somemicrobescanmakeyousick.Peopleusuallycall

theseonesgerms.9.(lucky)foryou,therearemore10.(help)microbes,

workingtogethertokeepyouhealthy,thanbadones.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，通過安東尼用顯微鏡發(fā)現(xiàn)水滴中的微生物引出話題，

指出微生物無處不在，但大多數(shù)微生物對人類是有益的。

l.ihai考查連詞。句意：安東尼是一位來自荷蘭的業(yè)余科學家，他對顯微鏡太入迷了以

至于他自己做了幾個。根據(jù)so可知本空應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。

2.drew考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：在一個雨天，他散步的時候，一只跳躍的青蛙使他注意

到一個水坑。根據(jù)Onerair.yday可知，本句應(yīng)用一般過去時，故填drew。

3.under考查介詞。句意：安東尼收集了一滴水坑的水，并把它放在他的顯微鏡下。根

據(jù)常識可知，要把物體放到顯微鏡下面觀察，故應(yīng)用介詞under”在......下面，

4.tosee考查不定式。句意：他吃驚地看見一整個生物群落正在這一滴水中游動。be

amazedtodosth.為固定用法，意為“吃驚地做某事”。

5.arecovered考查南詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，此處講述客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在

時；本句中的cover和主語People之間是被動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)，故填are

covered。

6.If考查連詞。句意：如果你要數(shù)你身體上和身體內(nèi)所有的微生物，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)你的身體

有比世界上的人數(shù)還要多的微生物——超過60億！根據(jù)語境可知，本空應(yīng)用連詞If引導(dǎo)條件

狀語從句。

7.their考查代詞。onondsown為固定用法，意為“單獨地，獨自地”。

8.settling考查動名詞。句意：在宿主一比如你——體內(nèi)定居后，它們會偷走維生素

和其他營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，留下死細胞和被稱為毒素的有毒液體。介詞After后要用動名詞形式，故本

空應(yīng)填scttlingo

9.Luckily考查副詞。句意：對你來說幸運的是，比起有害的微生物，有更多的有益微

生物共同努力讓你保持健康。副詞Luckily放在句首，修飾整個句子。

10.helpful考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，本空應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞microbes,故應(yīng)填形

容詞helpfulo

B

Imagineflyingthroughspaceinarocket.Whenyouland,youhoprightontothemoon.With

virtualreality(VR),studentsdon'tneed1.(imagine)it.Theycanexperiencei(anddon't

evenhavetoleave2.(they)classroom.

ManyteachersarestartingtouseVR.Monicaisathird-gradeteacher,3.worksat

BoroughSchool,inMorrisPlains,NewJersey.Herstudents4.(witness)the1969

moonlandingwithVR,"Somestudentswerefullof5.(anxious).Theythoughttheywere

goingtogetdizzy,“shesaid,4tbuttheylovedit."Katelynwas10whenshetriedit.Shelikedgoing

tothemoonbetterthan6.(look)atpicturesoftheevent.uItwasso7.(wonder)

andsolifelike,“shesays.

Virtualrealityallowsuserstoexplorea3Dsettingwithacomputer.Theywearaheadsetover

theireyesandsometimeswearheadphonesforsound.Userssayitfeels8.jumpingintoa

videogame.

Someparentsandteachers9.(concern)aboutVR.Thefirstproblemisthecost

becausemanyschoolsdonothaveenoughmoneyfortheheadsets.The10.problemis

(hatitmaybetoomuchtechnologyforyoungeyesandyoungminds.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹的是在高科技教室里，虛擬現(xiàn)實技術(shù)可

以使學生們不用圈開教室就能親身體驗像登月這樣的重大事件。

1.toimagine考查動詞不定式。根據(jù)前面的don'tneed可知，此處need為實義動詞，后

接動詞不定式作賓語。

2.their考查形容詞性物主代詞。此處作名詞classroom的定語，故要用their。

3.who考查定語從句。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為a

third-gradeteacher,在從句中作主語，故要用who。

4.witnessed考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)后面的詳細描述可知，此處為過去發(fā)生的行為，故

要用一般過去時。

5.anxiety考查名詞。此處作動詞短語befullof的賓語，故要用名詞形式。

6.looking考查動詞的-ing形式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要與goingtothemoon保持

一致，也就是說比較對象要保持一致。

7.wonderful考查形容詞。此處為系動詞was的表語，且前面有so修飾，故要用形容

詞形式。

8.like考查介詞。固定搭配feellikedoing…“感覺像是……

9.areconcerned考查固定搭配。固定搭配beconcernedabout“關(guān)心，擔心，掛念

10.second考查序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)前面的Thefirstproblem可知，此處應(yīng)該表示“第二個問

題是...

H.根據(jù)提示補全句子

I.所有乘客在登機前必須把行李進行安檢。(havesth.done)

Allthepassengersarerequiredtohaveiheirluggagecheckedbeforeboardingtheplane.

2.傾聽別人時，不要忘記輕輕點頭以表示你是感興趣的。(狀語從句的省略)

Whcn」istcningloothcrs,dnn'tforgettonodslightlyonceinawhiletoshowyouarc

interested.

3.我經(jīng)常做瘋狂的夢，夢見此事故是我造成的。(blame)

Ioftenhadcrazydreamsinwhich」wastoblamcforthvaccidcnt.

4.似乎任何事情都不能使他的信心受挫。(seem)

Itseemedthatnothingcoulddenthisconfidence.

5.當老板不在時，他負責整個公司。(charge)

Hewasinchargeof/tookchargeoflhecompanywhilethebosswasabsent.

B組?能力提升

I.閱讀理解

A

Whenitcomestimefortheholidayshoppingseason,we'reextrachoosyaboutthecountless

technologyproductsthatwcwillbuyandgivetofriendsandfamily.Herearcthreetechgiftsthat

impressededitors,reportersandproducersthemost.

LumosMatrix

IrecentlyboughtaLumosMatrixhelmet(頭盔)($229]withbuilt-inlightstomakeridingmy

bikeatnightalolsaferandlessstressful.It'saregularpainpointfbrbikerslikemetomakesure

absent-mindeddriverssecycu,especiallywhenit'sdark.Thisdefinitelyhelps.

—MattMcFarland,Writer

Goodreadsapp

便的。故選B。

B

Inthetrailer（拖車式房屋）,Sischowasrefreshingthesnails'（蝸牛）accommodations—an

ongoingroutinethattakesdaysofcarefulwork.HehadfoundadozenofAchatinellabuliinoides

athirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies.Onceeveryindividualwasaccountedfor,he

cleanedthecageandpackedinnewleaves.Theworktookmuchtrouble,buttheresponsibility,he

said,waslike"aheavyweightsittingonyou^^.

Thetrailerisveryvulnerable.It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andtoresist

hurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.LastSepieinber,

amysteriouspathogen（病原體）appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,

killingalmostanentirespecies.Assadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuture

catastrophes.Thesnailscan'tsimplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecial

equipment,experiencedhandlers,andadietofnativeHawaiianplants.

Consequently,itcanbehardforthesnails*minderstorelax,evenwhentheyareoutsidethe

trailer."Ilowdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceorextinction?”Sischosaid.

Whileactionlightenstheburden,yetwithanimalswhosenaturalhistoryislargelyunknown,that

actioncanbedangerous."Ifyoudoitwrong,thesnailsdie.”

Snailsarcneitherintelligentnorbeloved.Sischo'sfriendssometimesteasehimaboutbeing

“thestrangesnailguy"；strangersaskwhyhecares.Itshardtoconvincepeople,butheinsists

thatifhecanjustgettheminthetrailer,theywillunderstandwhytheAchatinellabulimoidesare

worthsaving."Peoplemck,“hesaid.t4\Vhcnyoushowthemthattheentirepopulationisinthis

chamber,ithitsthem.”

4.Whatisthetrailerusedfor?

A.Accommodatingguests.

B.Shelteringsnails.

C.Plantingvegetables.

D.Alarmingthieves.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vulnerable"mean:nParagraph2?

A.Quiet.B.Safe.

C.Easilyaffected.D.Wellprotected.

6.Whatisthesnailminders'attitudetowardstheirjob?

A.Relaxed.B.Confident.

C.Cautious.D.Disapproving.

7.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheLastofItsKind

B.TheWorstofTimes

C.MournItsLoss

D.ResistPossibleDanger

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了為了拯救瀕臨滅絕的蝸牛物種，人類

為它們制作了特殊的設(shè)備——拖車式房屋，有經(jīng)驗豐富的馴養(yǎng)員來看護它們，提供給它們來

自夏威夷本地的一種植物來吃，這些都有益于蝸牛的保護。

4.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,andto

resisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit."以及“As

sadastheeventis,there'snogoodwaytoinsureagainstfuturecatastrophes.Thesnailscan't

simplybespreadamongzoosorotherfacilities.Theyneedspecialequipment”可知，拖車房屋很

脆弱，它的設(shè)計是為了避免可能被盜，抵御颶風。但是火災(zāi)很容易摧毀它，疾病可以席卷它。

但沒有好的辦法來防止未來的災(zāi)難。蝸牛不能簡單地在動物園或其他設(shè)施中生存。它們需要

特殊的設(shè)備。這個特殊的設(shè)備就是thetrailer。由此可推矢1,ihetrailer是給蝸牛住的房子，是

收容蝸牛，為其遮風擋雨的。分析選項可知，B項符合題意。

5.C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的內(nèi)容"It'sdesignedtokeepawaywould-bethieved,

andtoresisthurricanes.Butafirecouldeasilydestroyit,oradiseasecouldsweepthroughit.

LastSeptember,amysteriouspathogen（病原體）appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfed

tothesnails,killingalmostanentirespecies.”可推知，這種拖車房屋很容易被火燒，疾病可摧毀

它，所以它是易受其他因素影響的。故選C。

6.C推理判斷題。限據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容可知，蝸牛看護者對待它們的態(tài)度是謹慎小心的。

分析選項可知，C項符合題意，故選C。

7.A標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的“HehadfoundadozenofAchatincllabulimoidcs—a

thirdoftheworld'spopulationofthespecies."以及第二段中的"LastSeptember,aniysierious

pathogen（病原體）appearedtohaveenteredthetraileronleavesfedtothesnails,killingalmostan

entirespecies.”還有第三段中的“'Howdoyouswitchoffwhenyourdecisionsmeanexistenceor

extinction?'Sischosaid.”可推知，這種蝸牛的數(shù)量極少。分析選項可知A項為短文最佳標題。

故選A。

H.完形填空

FedExdriverAriKadinwasmakinghisroundsnearapondinRockwall,Texas.Suddenly,he

hearda（n）]sound,justlikeacryforhelp.About15feetfromthefrozenbankswasthe__2

ofthatcry-abrown-and-whitedog,3tograspathinlayerofice.Anelderlymanhad

alreadycometoher4.He'denteredthepondinarowboatandwasbreakingtheicewitharock

to5apathtothedog.Itwas6going,andKadin,42,thoughthestoodabetter7.

Kadinslidtogo8therowboatandusedtheelderlyman'srocktohittheice9.

onlytoslipofftheboat,fallinginto16feetoffreezingwater.Hel0

in（imetoseethedoggoingunder.Heswamaboutfivefeettowardher,11hercollar,and

pulledhertotheice.Hethen12thedogintotheboatandsliditbacktotheshore,where13

bystandersrushedthedogtothehomeoftherowboatowner,aretiredvet.Afewmoreminutesin

thepond,thevettoldKadin,andthedogwouldhavelikely14cardiacarrest（心臟驟停）.

Thenextday,Kadinwasbackworkingthesameneighbourhoodwhenthedogjumpedonhim

and15himinwetkisses.“ThatspecialdeliverywasthehighlightofmyFedExcareer.,,says

Kadin.

1.A.familiarB.sweet

C.strangeD.weak

2.A.accessB.appearance

C.resourceD.source

3.A.strugglingB.hesitating

C.managingD.expecting

4.A.rescueB.attraction

C.companionD.concern

5.A.spotB.block

C.createD.repair

6.A.fastB.effective

C.slowD.urgent

7.A.approachB.conclusion

C.solutionD.chance

8.A.offB.aboard

C.acrossD.around

9.A.violentlyB.slightly

C.frequentlyD.blindly

10.A.rearrangedB.resurfaced

C.respondedD.recovered

11.A.tookcontrolofB.caughtsightof

C.tookpossessionofD.grabbedholdof

12.A.squeezedB.pushed

C.persuadedD.forced

13.A.anxiousB.innocent

C.guiltyD.casual

14.A.toleratedB.prevented

C.beatenD.suffered

15.A.beggedB.bathed

C.wrappedD.teased

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇