備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）08

專練08故事敘述類閱讀理解

【命題意圖】閱讀理解從能力的角度來講，考查學(xué)生運用英語的能力，具體地說，就是通過閱讀有關(guān)

文章提取有用信息的能力。

【考試方向】記敘文類文章描述的是一件具體事情的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局，通常有時間、地點、人物、

事件等。有些文章是按事件發(fā)展的經(jīng)過為主線敘述的，在敘述的過程中有詳有略；有些文章是按時間的順

序敘述的，有順敘、倒敘等。從總體上來講，文章的難度通常不大，在閱讀過程中，我們一直在某個線索

的引導(dǎo)下，隨著作者的思路去了解一個故事或一件事情的始末，因此會感到比較輕松。命題往往從故事的

情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對細(xì)節(jié)的辨

認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應(yīng)特別注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生，發(fā)

展，高潮和結(jié)局；（2）若是“哲理故事”，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義；（3）若是“逸聞趣事"，應(yīng)體

會對話的風(fēng)趣性，進而才能感受幽默的精髓。

【得分要點】高考閱讀理解體裁紛繁多樣，但每套試卷通常包含一到兩篇記敘文。在所有的閱讀休裁

中，記敘文的難度相對是比較低的。如果掌握了閱讀的技巧，多多實踐，閱讀能力就有可能大大提高。

要熟練掌握記敘文的閱讀技巧，了解記敘文的寫作特點與命題特點也是有必要的。

一、記敘文寫作特點

記敘文是一種記載和敘述事件由來，描繪事物和人物情景狀態(tài)、過程及發(fā)展的文體。消息、通訊、傳

記、游記、小說、童話、寓言以及記敘性的散文等文體，都屬于記敘文的范疇。

就寫作順序而言，記敘文要么是按時間順序，要么是按事件的重要性的順序來展開。不管是哪種敘述

力法，最后經(jīng)常會有一兩句話抒發(fā)作者的情緒與感悟，這是記敘文的精華所在:，也是閱讀的難點所在:，可

謂“一篇之妙，在于落句”。

二、記敘文命題特點

從命題形式上看，常見的有細(xì)節(jié)理解、詞義猜測、主旨大意、推理判斷、作者意圖等題型。除了推論

或詞義辨識題，記敘文命題的順序一般都會按照文章的脈絡(luò)和故事發(fā)展的順序?qū)訉油七M，否則就會覺得別

扭，邏輯不通。同時，記敘文需要事件的發(fā)展過程作支撐，一半以上的題目都會用來檢測考生對故事的了

解，因此，我們必須弄明白整件事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類的題目，則取決于文

章的落句，集中考查對作者所發(fā)的感觸的理解?？傊?xì)節(jié)題是記敘文命題的主流題型。而寓意之類的題

則是高一層次的題，有一定的難度和區(qū)分度，它們是拉開距離的題，答對了這些題，你才有可能成功地躋

身高分之列。綜上所述，記敘文的應(yīng)對策略即：不漏細(xì)節(jié)，奠定基礎(chǔ)；把準(zhǔn)寓意，方能成功。

三、記敘文答題技巧

一把鑰匙開一把鎖。要解答好記敘文閱讀理解題，就應(yīng)該有一套針對性強的方法和技巧。下面是我們

在閱讀教學(xué)中積累下來的一點心得體會，希望能對大家有所幫助。

No.l順藤摸瓜

記敘文中有大量的事件發(fā)展過程中的細(xì)節(jié)，包括記敘文的5W(what,who,when,where,why)要素。

因此我們作答細(xì)節(jié)題的時候，就沒有那么復(fù)雜，一般只需要由前到后，從上到下，一題一題地做就可以了。

No.2左顧右盼

在做題過程中，我們大都不能在文中找到與題干一字不差的詞語或句子。這時我們需要認(rèn)真研究問題，

抓住題干中的關(guān)鍵詞語，然后到文中準(zhǔn)確地找到與之相關(guān)的語句，或是疑似語句的位置，接著去左顧，或

右盼，在前句或后句尋找線索。

No.3刨根問底

如前所述，主旨大意題或推理判斷、作者意圖題等實際上是同一類型的問題，或者說是可用同種方法

解答的題型。在解答此類題目的時候，不可被題干的表象所迷惑，要像剝洋蔥一樣，一層一層地剝；在四

個可選項中，一個一個地去證實，去排除。特別是解答推論或暗指類的題目，比如"Whatcanbeinferred

frcm…？"或是Whaldoestheauthorimplyin…？"之類的題目，文中所陳述的往往不是答案。我們要

在文前文后去查找，在字里行間里去尋覓。有時還少不了借助自己的生活經(jīng)驗和常理來體會這言外之意。

No.4撥云見日

每年的高考閱讀題中，特別是記敘文的閱讀題，都會出現(xiàn)一至兩道詞義猜測題.而這些詞匯往往是你

素昧平生的，或者和你有點頭之交，在文中卻另有新意的，總之，猜的是那些在高考詞匯表要求之外的詞

匯。小小的一個詞，一個短語，考核的不是你的語法的熟練程度，也不是你的記憶力，而是你對文章通篇

或者一個段落的整體把握和變通能力。這時，你不僅需要"左顧右盼"，還需要在幾句話，一個段落，乃

至整篇文章的字里行間中快速搜尋，看看前面、后面都發(fā)生了些什么；反復(fù)琢磨人物、事物，或者人物與

事物之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才可能在最后撥開團團迷霧，從四個選項中選出正確答案。

【真題再現(xiàn)】【2020年1月?浙江卷，A]

Ineverknewanyonewho'dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.Callowayourlibrarian.Sheran

Jackson'sCarnegieLibraryabsolutelybyherself.SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshe

thoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesentyoustraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.Iwaswilling；Iwould

doanythingtoread.

MymotherwasnotafraidofMrs.Calloway.Shewishedmetohavemyownlibrarycardtocheckoutbooksfor

myselfShetookmeintointroduceme."Eudoraisnineyearsoldandhasmypermissiontoreadanybookshewants

fromtheshelves,childrenoradults/Mothersaid.

Mrs.Callowaymadeherownrulesaboutbooks.Youcouldnottakebackabooktothelibraryonthesameday

you'dtakenitout；itmadenodifferencetoherthatyou'dreadeverywordinitandneededanothertostart.Youcould

takeoutIwobooksatatimeandtwoonly.Sotwobytwo,IreadlibrarybooksasfastasIcouldgo,rushingthem

homeinthebasketofmybicycle.FromtheminuteIreachedourhouse,Istartedtoread.Iknewthiswasextreme

happiness,knewitatthetime.

Mymothersharedthisfeelingofmine.Now,ithinkofherasreadingsomuchofthetimewhiledoingsomething

else.1rememberherreadingamagazinewhiletakingthepartoftheWolfinagameof"LittleRedRidingHood"with

mybrother'stwodaughters.She'djustlookupattherighttime,longenoughtoanswer-incharacter-"Thebetterto

eatyouwith,mydear,'tandgobacktoherplaceinthemagazinearticle.

21.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribedMrs.Calloway?

A.diet.B.Strict.C.Humorous.D.Considerate.

22.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"thisfeeling"refertointhelastparagraph?

A.Desiretoread.B.LoveforMrs.Calloway.

C.Interestingames.D.Fearofthelibraryrules.

23.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?

A.guidebook.B.anautobiography.C.anewsreport.D.bookreview.

【答案】21.B22.A23.B

【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要內(nèi)容為作者非常喜愛閱讀，并保持著在圖書館中閱讀和借閱書籍的習(xí)

慣，而作者的母親也和作者一樣擁有對讀書的渴望。

21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Ineverknewanyonewho'dgrownupinJacksonwithoutbeingafraidofMrs.

Callowayourlibrarian.（我從來沒見過哪個在杰克遜長大的人不害怕我們的圖書管理員卡洛維夫人）以及

SILENCEinbigblackletterswasonsignshungeverywhere.Ifshethoughtyouweredressedimproperly,shesent

youstraightbackhometochangeyourclothes.（到處都掛著牌子，上面用黑色的大字寫著“肅靜如果她認(rèn)為

你穿得不合適，她會直接讓你回家換衣服）可知Mrs.Calloway很嚴(yán)格。故選

22.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)下文Now,Ithinkofherasreadingsomuchof（hetimewhiledoingsomethingelse.（現(xiàn)在,

我覺得她在做其他事情的同時，也在閱讀）可知作者的媽媽也非常喜歡閱讀，故作者的母親渴望讀書和作

者是一樣的。故劃線短語意思為“渴望讀書故選A。

23.推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章主要內(nèi)容可知，作者非常喜愛閱讀，并保持著在圖書館中閱讀和借閱書籍的習(xí)慣,

而作者的母親也和作者一樣渴望溟書。故可推測文章可能來自于一份自傳。故選B。

【題型演練】

1

Jeanisabrightyoungwomanwhocsfromarichandfamousfamily.Shegoestoagooduniversityandhas

everythingthatmoneycanbuy.Well,almosteverything.TheproblemisthatthepeopleinJean'sfamilyaresobusy

thattheycanhardlyfindtimetobewithher.Infact,Jeanisquitelonely.

ThenewlyformedWildNetwork—acooperationofnearly400organisationsistryingtoattractteenagers

awayfromtelevisionandputcrscreenandintofields,woodsandparks.OrganiserssaythatitistheUK'sbiggest

evercampaigntoreconnectchildrenwithnatureandoutdoorplay,andthatitcouldhelpimprovefitness,mental（精

神的）healthandgeneralwellbeing.Adocumentaryfilm.ProjectWildThing,willannouncethelaunchatmore

than50cinemasacrosstheUKfromFriday.Itlooksattheincreasinglyweaklinkbetweenchildrenandnature.

AndySimpson,chairmanof（heWildNetwork,said:"Thesadtruthisthatkidshavelosttouchwithnature.

Timespentoutdoorsisdown,activityareasandlevelsarefallingstronglyandtheabilitytoidentifyinonspecies

（物種）hasbeenlost."

Suggestionsofhowtogetmoretimeinnatureincludecampingorracingandobservingautumncolouron

treesandsoon.FromJanuary,thenetworkwillaimtomakesuggestionstopoliticiansonhowgovernmentcando

moretogetchildrenmuddy（沾滿泥污的）andbright-eyed.

Thisisnotthefirsttimethemessageoflessscreen,moreplayhasbeenbroughtup.Childreninthe1980s

wereaskedtodothesamebytheBBCTVseriesWhyDon'tYou,whichsomewhatconfusinglycalledonits

viewersto"switchoffyourTVset,anddosomethinglessboringinstead".

5.Thepurposeofthecampaignistocallonkids.

A.loloveanimalsB.toplayoutdoors

C.togiveupscreensD.toprotectnature

6.WhatmaymakeAndySimpsonsad?

A.Kids'disabilitytonamesomecreatures.

B.ThefallingdurationofRids'vacations.

C.Strictrulesonkids'outdooractivities.

D.Thedisappearanceofmonspecies.

7.Whatdoesthenetworkappealloihegovernmenttodo?

A.Reconnectkidswithnature.B.Providekidswithmoremud.

C.Takemeasurestoprotectkids.D.Payattentiontoeyeprotection.

8.WhydocstheauthormentiontheBBCTVseries?

A.TotellthedevelopmentofBBCTVseries.

B.lbprovetherecognitionofhissuggestion.

C.ToshowtheTVseriescausedconfusion.

D.ToparepresentTVserieswitholdones.

3

Thesignsappearedpracticallyovernight.They'dbeenplantedeverywhere-infrontofhomes,along

sidewalks,aroundthelocalhighschool.Eachfeaturedjustafewupliftingwordsinsimpleblacktype:"Don'tGive

Up,”“YouAreWorthyofLove,“"YourMistakesDoNotDefineYou.”ThehighschoolinNewberg,Oregon,had

lostfourstudentsandthreeformergraduatestokillthemselvesthatyear,sothetownof25,(X)0instantly

understoodthemessages.

AmyWolffhaddoneso,inpart,becauseshe'dlostherownteenagebrotherinanaccidentabout20years

earlier.Itwaspassion(同情)fbrpassion'ssake.

YetasWolffsawthedeepemoiionhersigninspiredinherneighbors,shedecidedtostepforwardtoshareher

messagepublicly.Instantly,herinboxwasfloodedwithrequestsfbrmoresigns.Sincethen,theDon'tGiveUp

MovementhasspreadfromNewbergtotheheartsandyardsofpeopleineverystate.Wolffchargesonlythecostof

materialsandshipping."It'saterriblebusinessdecisionifwewantedtofunctionlikeabusiness,“shesays.

ChrisanneMogermeritedonoreofthemovement'spostsabouttheneedfbroneparticularsign,“We'reAllin

ThisTogether.^^ShethoughtitwouldreallyspeaktoaworldhuddlingtogetherunderthecloudofCOVID19.Wolff

agreed,andshereceived75()orderswithinaweekofitscreation.AmotherinColorado,unabletotravelduringthe

qiuirantine(隔離)，contactedtheorganizationafterherstepson'ssuddendeath.UIsawoneofyoursignsrecently

anditwasatouchingmessagefromabovetohangon."shewrote.

Awareoftheaddedemotionalchallengesisolationbrings,theDon'tGiveUpMovementhassinceofferedto

sendhandwrittenlettersofsupporttoanyoneinquarantinewhoneedsit.

9.WhydidthesignssuddenlyappeareverywhereinNewberg?

A.Theyfeaturedsomeinspiringwords.

B.Thehighschoolhadlostseveralstudents.

C.Theyconveyedsimplemessages.

D.TheoutbreakofCOVID19scaredpeople.

10.WhatdoyouknowabouttheDon'tGiveUpMovement?

A.Itisanonprofitorganization.

B.Itmetallrequestsofneighbors.

C.Itgraduallywontheheartsofpccplc.

D.ItwasstartedinhonorofAmy'sbrother.

11.Whateffectdothemessagesfromthepostshave?

A.Theybringemotionalchallenges.

B.Theyoffergreatencouragement.

C.TheyprovideinformationforC0VID19.

D.Theyimproveinterpersonalrelationships.

12.WhatdoyouthinkofAmyWolff?

A.She'sactiveandopenminded.B.She'stalkativeandsociable.

C.She'sdecisiveandambitious.D.She'sselflessanddevoted.

4

Ourhousewasacrossthestreetfromahospital.Werentedtheupstairsroomstooutpatientsattheclinic.One

summereveningasIwaspreparingsupper,therewasaknockatthedoor.Iopenedittoseeatrulyawfullooking

manhardlytallerthanmyeightyearolddaughter.

Butthefrighteningthingwashisswollenface.Hetoldmehe'dbeenhuntingfbraroomsincenoonbutno

oneseemedtohavearoom.ForamomentIhesitated,buthisnextwordsconvincedme:"Icouldsleepontheporch

（門廊）.Mybusleavesearlyinthemorning?'

Iwentinsideandfinishedgettingsupper.Whenwcwereready,Iaskedhimtojoinus."Nothankyou.Ihave

plenty."Andheheldupabrownpaperbag.WhenIhadfinishedihedishes,Iwentouttotalkwithhimafew

mirutes.

Hetoldmehefishedforalivingtosupporthisdaughter,whowashopelesslydisabled,andherfivechildren.

Hedidn'ttellitbywayofplaint;infact,hewasgratefulthatnopainaepaniedhisdisease.Hethankedlifefor

givinghimthestrengthtokeepgoing.

Atbedtime,weputacampsmallbedinthechildren'sroomlorhim.WhenIgotupinthemorning,thebed

linenswereneatlyfoldedandthelittlemanwasoutontheporch.Herefusedbreakfast,butjustbeforeheleft,he

smiled,“Yourchildrenmademefeelathome.Grownupsarebotheredbymyface,butchildrendon'tseemto

mird."Itoldhimhewaswclctocagain.

Intheyearshecametostayovernightwithustherewasneveratimethathedidnotbringusfishor

vegetables.Othertimeswereceivedpackages.Knowingthathemustwalkthreemilestomailthese,andknowing

hov/littlemoneyhehadmadethegiftsmoreprecious.Iknowourfamilyalwayswillbegratefultohaveknown

him;fromhimwelearnedwhatitwastoacceptthebadwithoutplaintandthegoodwithgratitude.

13.Whatactuallyledtotheoldman'sfailuretogetaroombefore?

A.Hisfishingjob.B.Hisuglyappearance.

C.Hisdisableddaughter.D.Hislackofmoney.

14.Whydidtheauthorfinallyaccepttheoldman?

A.Hewasinverybadcondition.

B.Hemightattackherunlessaccepted.

C.Hewouldn,tbotherthemtoomuch.

D.Theauthorhadabigfamilytosupport.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext0

A.Theoldmanoftencametoaskforhelpeversince.

D.Theoldmanactuallydidn,tcatanythingforsupper.

C.Itwasnoteasyfortheoldmantosendtheauthorgifts.

D.Theauthor'shelptaught(heoldmantoliveindependently.

16.Whichisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Apreciousgift!

B.Asilentplaint!

C.Astubbornfisherman!

D.Anincrediblemeeting!

5

AfightlastmonthbetweenCampinasandSaoJosedoRioPretoinsouthernBrazilbecamethesceneofa

spontancous(自發(fā)的)actofkindnessthatspreadonsocialmedianetworks.

Accordingto(hewebsiteAeroin.net,apassengernamedSirlandiaDiasPereirawas(ravelingwithherson

Caleb,whosufferedfromheartfailureandbadaheartmunnur(雜音］.Duringtheflight,shetoldthepassengernext

toher,AlexPontes,thatshewastravelingsohersoncouldbehospitalized.Shealsoexplainedthatshewasrelying

onthecharityofothersforlivingquarters.

Thepassengertalkedtothecrewoftheairlineandaskedtous。theairplane'sloudspeaker,invitingtheother

travelerstocontributetoaspontaneouscollectiontohelpthemotherandherson.^Allofuswouldliketofindan

angeltohelpus.ThoseofuswhofselmovedtodosO,let'shelpthismothertotakealittlesomethingwithher.a

littlesomethingwehaveandcanshare,"hesaid.

Inamatterofminutes,passengersofferedatotalworthnear$400whichgoesalotfurtherinBrazilthanin

theUSA),plusapplauseforthemother,whowasthrilledwiththehelpandrepeatedlyexpressedhergratitudetothe

passengers.

Thesitethatfirstsharedthestjrylaterupdatedthearticle,addingthatCalebwentthroughsurgeryandWas

recoveringwell.ThewebsiteRazoesParaAcreditarreportedthatthestorycaught(heatteniionofBrazilinTV

personalityLucianoHuck,whostartedacrowdfundingcampaigntohelpthefamily.

Thisstoryjustgoestoshowthatakindactcangoalongwaytowardsmakinganimportantdifferencein

someone'slife.Therearepeopleinneedallaroundus,Let'snotletthesechancestohelpotherspassusby!

17.Whywasthemothertraveling?

A.Togethersicksontreated,B.Tolookforlivingquarters

C.Toexperiencetakingaplane,D.Topickuphersonfronihospital.

18.WhatdidAlexPontesdoforthemotherontheplane?

A.Hegaveher$400byhimself,B.Hecalledfordonationforher,

C.Heexchangedhisseatwithher,D.Hehelpedherattendtoherson,

19.WhydidLaucianoHuckdecidetohelpthemotherandherson?

A.Hewasoneofthewitnessesontheplane.B.Hewantedtomakehimselfwcliknown.

C.Hewasinspiredbythespontaneousact.D.HeWasaskedtoofferassistancebythem.

20.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthetext?

A.lbspeakhighlyofakindpassenger.B.Toaskustomunicatewithothers.

C.Toshowtheimportanceoffirstaid.D.Toencourageustohelpthoseinneed.

6

WhenIwasincollege,amannamedHenryworkedasacustodian(看門人)inourstudentunionbuilding.

Whitehaired,withaPennsylvaniaDutchaccent,Henrycouldusuallybeseeninabaseballcap,aTshirtandapair

ofjeans.

Hewasthecustodian,andhewasthemostrespectedandmostwcliknownpersoninthebuilding.Everyone

lovedHenry,anditwasbecauseofalltheimplicitwaysheexpressedhislovefbreveryonearoundhim.Henry

didifthavetosay,loveyou.”Helivedhislove.

Henrywasalwaysexcitedwhenhemetsomeonenew,andhev/antedtoknoweverythingaboutthem.Hefelt

itwasimportanttodothingsforpeoplehevalued.AndHenryseemedt