題型一閱讀理解(詞義猜測題)

—-7

?【專題導航】

目錄

一、考情概述.........................................................1

二、命題特點.........................................................1

三、選項特點.........................................................2

四、鏈高考?探究....................................................2

五、考法解題能力提升.................................................5

六、精選考點題型專練.................................................8

一、考情概述

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解的必考題型,也是考查考生英語語言能力和思維品質的重要形

式。每套試卷中直接考查詞義猜測的試題一般不超過兩道。除了直接命題考查詞義猜測外，

在閱讀理解文章中，有時會有?些生僻的單詞或短語,且文中沒有附加注釋，這時就需要考生

根據上下文猜測詞義，從而準確理解文章，這是對詞義猜測的一種間接考查。

詞義猜測題旨在考查考生根據上下文推斷單詞、詞組、句子的本義或延伸義以及代詞的指代

意義的能力。要求猜測詞義的詞一般為動詞、名詞、形容詞或代詞等，這些詞要么是生僻詞,

要么是考生比較熟悉的又有生僻義的詞，有時還會要求考生猜測一句話的含義。

二、命題特點

1.?？嫉慕嵌?/p>

(1)熟詞生義，即常用詞在特殊語言環(huán)境中具有的特殊意義。

(2)專業(yè)化程度較高的詞的含義。

幻燈片7

(3)生僻詞的含義。

(4)代詞所指代的含義。

2.常見的設問形式

(l)Whatdoestheunderlinedword/phraseinparagraph...probablymean?

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"..."inparagraph...referto?

(3)Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsunderlinedinparagraph...?

(4)Whichofthefollowingcouldreplacetheunderlinedphraseinparagraph...?

(5)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheundefinedword

三、選項特點

1.正確選項的特點

(I)相應詞語的同義詞語。

⑵對相應語句的解釋、復述或概括.

2.干擾項的特點

⑴對原表達方式的不正確改寫。

(2)信息小全。

⑶半對半錯。

⑷曲解原意。

這些干擾項有時會使用較多原句中的表達，給人似是而非的誤導，考生要多加注意。

四、鏈高考-探究

Passage1

語篇類型:說明文主題:海貍鼠皮毛時裝詞數:324難度:★★★

建議時間:7分鐘

高考真題

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholiday

list,furprobablydidn'tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsare

tryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave

showcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguill-free

fur—unlessyouunderstand(hatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear."saysCree

McCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.Some

ofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild"The

ecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It'sdestroyingthe

environment.It'sthem

orus,"saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfbrdecades,butwhen(hemarketfbrnutriacollapsedinthe

late1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoulonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit'snot

easytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringin

morethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton'sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,"Togive

peopleaguilt-frccoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithink

that'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork."DesignerJenniferAndersonadmits

ittookherawhile(ocomearoundto(heopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorally

acceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitis

eco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.lbintroduceanewbrandD.lbcelebrateawinterholiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Wlialdocs(heuiidurlincdword"collapsed"inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.

C.Remainedstable.D.Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.

C.It'sharmful.D.It'straditional.

Passage2

語篇類型:記敘文主題:志愿者工作的意義詞數:302難度:★★

建議時間：7分鐘

高考真題

"Youcanusemeasalastresort（選擇），andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit."

ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'

lacrosse（長曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaround

steppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneecalittlepersuading.SoItryagainand

tugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkabout

thedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaks

up,"Alright.Yes,I'lldoit/'

I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilities

amongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizes（hemealschedule,sendsoutemails,andcollects

moneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealong（heway,thesameparentendsupbecomingan

invaluablememberoftheteam.

Thecoachisabletofocusonthekidswhiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehockfor

anotherseason.Handingoutslicedorangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatching

yourownkidscoreagoal.

Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.That

reliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackformore:

Connectingtothecommunity（社區(qū)）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservices

providesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.

Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelyliketo

admil.However,ifothersbenefitinIlicprocess,andIgel\unicrewardtoo,docsilreallyniitllui

wheremymotivationlies?

24.WhatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraphI?

A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.

B.Sheisn'tgoodatsports.

C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.

D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"tugattheheartstrings'inparagraph2mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.

26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?

A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.B.Sheisproudofherkids.

C.She'llworkforanotherseason.D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.

27.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?

A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.B.Itmakesherveiyhappy.

C.Itenableshertoworkhard.D.Itbringshermateria）rewards.

五、考法解題能力提升

考法1猜測生僻詞或短語的含義

命題透視詞義猜測題的重點就是對十生僻詞匯及短語含義的理解，這也是高考中詞義

猜測題最常見的類型。

方法點撥若畫線詞完全是生詞，考生能采用的方法主要有三種:一是依據構詞法知識;二

是靠文章顯性或者隱性的邏輯關系、語法關系;三是利用上下文語境。當然，在很多情況下，

這三種方法可以共同使用、以確保答案正確。

Ihadbeeneducatedintherhythmsofthemountain,rhythmsinwhichchangewasnever

fundamental,onlycyclical.Thesamesunappearedeachmorning,sweptoverthevalleyand

droppedbehindthepeak.Thesnowsthatfellinthewinteralwaysmeltedinthespring.Ourlives

wereacycle—thecycleoftheday,thecycleoftheseasons—circlesoflastingchangethat,

whencomplete,meantnothinghadchangedatall.Ibelievedmyfamilywasapartofthis

immortal（永生的）pattern,andthatwewere,insomesense,eternal（永恒的）.Buieternity

belongedonlytothemountain.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"cyclical"inthepassagemean?

A.Normal.B.Irregular.

C.Circular.D.Traditional.

Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn't

tellhowmuchthey'dhad:thosegivenextra-largesharesalemore（haneveryoneelse,butwere

nonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.

58.Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthe

customerswere.

A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual

B.notwilling(osharefoodwilhothers

C.notconsciousofthefoodquality

D.notfondofthefoodprovided

考法2猜測熟詞或短語的生僻含義

命題透視高考近幾年開始側重于考查熟詞生義，如2020年全國I第26題考查了課標詞

匯currency在具體語境中的生僻含義,這就要求考生掌握并靈活運用課標詞匯。

方法點撥在猜測熟詞的牛僻含義時.我們可以依據上下文語境、文章的邏輯關系等來判

斷正確答案。

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'm

nottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeople

whohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinions

thatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

52.WhatdocstheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone'sstruggleforliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

考法3猜測代詞的指代意義

命題透視縱觀近五年高考閱讀理解中的代詞指代題可以看出，高考中常考的是人稱代

詞(I,it,ihem)以及指示代詞that的指代對象,2020年新高考I(山東)第9題考查了指示代詞

that的指代,2019年全國I：第21題考查了人稱代詞I的指代。

方法點撥1.文章中的代詞it,(hat,them等通常指代上文提到的人或事物,因此其指代含

義也通常在其前的內容中尋找。

2.有時代詞與指代的對象相隔較遠，要認真查找;有時需要對前面提到的內容進行總結,才能得

出代詞所指代的事物。

3.一般來講，代詞指代題不會單純從語法角度考查指代對象，都需要借助上下文語境以及邏輯

關系來進行猜測。

ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue,Washington,generallydon'tflashthe

samelengthofgreentwiceinarow,especiallyatrushhour.At9:30am,thefullred/yellow/green

signalcyclemightbe140seconds.By9:33am,aburstofadditionaltrafficmightpushitto145

seconds.Lesstrafficat9:37amcouldpushitdownto135.Justlikethetrafficitself,thetimingof

thesignalschanges.

Thatisbydesign.Bellevue,afast-growingcityjusleastofSeattle,usesasystemthatis

gainingpopularityaroundtheUS:intersection（十字路II）signalsthatcanadjustinrealtimeto

trafficconditions.Theselights,knownasadaptivesignals,haveledtosignificantdeclinesinboth

thetroubleandcostoftravelsbetweenworkandhome.

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Increasedlengthofgreenlights.

B.Theshortenedtrafficsignalcycle.

C.Flexibletimingoftrafficsignals.

D.Smoothtrafficflowontheroad.

考法4猜測句子含義

命題透視猜測句子含義題是近幾年新出現的一種設問方式。一般來講，畫線句中生詞不

占主導地位,但無法單獨通過字面意思理解句子的隱含意義。如2019浙江6月第24題猜測

"Moneywithnostrings2g小€』'在文中的含義,2018全國HI第32題猜測"moreismore"在文中

的含義。

方法點撥針對猜測句子含義的試題，考生必須回歸原文，將畫線句的前后句，甚至前后段

進行歸納總結，再將自己理解的意思與選項的意思逐個比較，選出最為接近的選項。解答此類

試題的線索主要有兩個:一是上下文語境，二是句子的字面含義。

Archeology（考古學）isn'tthedustysciencewhichwasagenerationago.Newtechnologies

thatonceseemedoutofsci-fiarenowlocatingburiedtracesofbuildingsandrevealingtheruins

ofcities...NowSarahParcakandherteamareabouttotakeonanewchallengeastheyfocus

GlobaIXplorercitizen-scienceprojectonIndia.

Inthefuture,shehopesothercountrieswillcontacthertolaunchtheirownsatellite

suneys.Thepossibilitiesarehuge.Parcakestimatesthatthereareatleast12millionpotential

archaeologicalsitesyettobediscovered.Thatmeanstheskyisthelimitforherproject...

Il.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Thepossibilitiesarehuge"mean?

A.Parcak'sprojectwillbecomesuccessful.

B.Fewcountrieswillstartsatellitesurveys.

C.TherewillbeamazingdiscoveriesinIndia.

D.Morearchaeologicalsiteswillbeidentified.

六、精選考點題型專練

Passage1

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

記敘文克服對“水”的恐懼356★★6分鐘

Ateleven,idecidedtolearntoswim.TherewasapoolattheYMCAofferingexactlythe

opportunity.Mymothercontinuallywarnedagainstit,andkeptfreshinmymindthedetailsof

eachdrowningin(heriver.But(heYMCApoolwassafe.

Ihadachildhoodfearofwater.ThisstartedwhenIwasthreeyearsoldandmyfathertook

metothebeach.Thehugewavesknockedmedownandsweptoverme.

Thepoolwasquiet.Iwasafraidofgoinginallalone,soIsatononesideofthepooltcwait

forothers.Thencameabigboy.Heyelled,nHi,how'dyouliketobeducked?"Withthathepicked

meupandthrewmeintothedeepend.Ilandedinasittingposition,andswallowedwater.ButI

wasnotfrightenedoutofmywits—whenmyfeelhitthebottom,Iwouldmakeabigjumpto

comeoutofthesurface.Itseemedalongwaydown.IgatheredallmystrengthwhenIlandedand

madewhatIthoughtwasagreatspringupwards.ThenIopenedmyeyesandsawnothingbut

water.Itriedtoyellbutnosoundcameout.Iwentdown,down,endlessly.

WhenIcametoconsciousness,Ifoundmyselflyingonthebedinthehospital.

Ineverwentbacktothepool.IavoidedwaterwheneverIcould.Thismisadventurestayed

withmeastheyearsrolledby.Itdeprivedmeofthejoyofboatingandswimming.Finally,I

decidedtogetaninstructor.Piecebypiece,hebuiltaswimmer.Severalmonthslater,the

instructorwasfinished,butIwasnot.Sometimestheterrorwouldreturn.

ThiswentonuntilJuly.IswamacrosstheLakeWentworth.Onlyoncedidtheterrorreturn.

WhenIwasinthemiddleofthelake,Iputmyfaceunderandsawnothingbutbottomlesswater.I

laughedandsaid,"Well,Mr.Terror,whatdoyouthinkyoucandotome?"

Ihadconqueredmyfearofwater.

1.Theauthor'soriginalfearofwaterwascausedby.

A.hispoorskillinswimming

B.hismother'swarningofdrowning

C.anoutingtothebeachwithhisfather

D.anunpleasantmemoryofthepool

2.Whywastheauthornotscaredtodeathwhenhewasthrownintothewater?

A.Heknewhowtoswiminthepool.

B.Hefeltthat(heYMCApoolwassafe.

C.Hewaswaitingforotherstosavehim.

D.Hecameupwithanideaofgoingupwards.

3.Byexpressing"butIwasnot"inParagraph5,theauthorprobablymeans.

A.hewasstillapoorswimmer

B.hehadnotovercomethefearyet

C.hewasnotafraidofdrowninganymore

D.hewasnotsatisfiedwith(heswimming(raining

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Goodbye,Mr.Terror

B.Hullo,ChildiiuudFear

C.ASwimmingAdventure

D.MyPassionforSwimming

Passage2

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

議論文2020東京奧運會推遲355★★7分鐘

ThedecisiononTuesdaybyJapanandtheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)to

postponetheTokyo2020OlympicGamesuntilnextsummerbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic

musthavebeenahardonetomake.

AlthoughtheGameshavebeencanceled—threetimesinall,in1916,1940and1944—due

tothetwoworldwars,inthemodemOlympics'historyofmorethan120years,neverbeforehave

anyGamesbeenpostponedtoadifferentyear.

Nonetheless,thedecisionistherightone.Ifjtisnotbroughtundercontrol,theharmdoneto

humansocietybythepandemiccouldbemoreseriousandfar-reachingthaneventhetwoworld

wars.Giventhenumberofcountriesaffectedandsocialandeconomicshockwavesthathavebeen

causedbytherapidspreadofthevirus,postponingtheGanicsistheonlyrightandsensiblechoice

tomake.

Afterall.nothingismoreimportantthanpeople'slives.PostponingtheGamesnotonly

safeguardsthehealthofathletes,audiencesandeveryoneinvolvedintheGames,butalsoreduces

potentialtransmissionofthevirusfromoneplacetoanother.Evenlookingalitfromonlya

sportinglevel,thepandemichasalreadycausedhugedisruptionstoathletes'trainingandthe

qualificationprocess.

ItisundoubtedlyabigblowforJapan,whichhaspreparedmeticulouslyforthelargestsports

eventintheworld,includingrenovatingandupgradingitsinfrastructureandsportsvenues,such

asrebuildingTokyo'sOlyrripicStadiumatacostof$1.45billion.Japanwillsufferahugeless,at

leastintheshortterm.

Theinternationalcommunityowesabig"thankyou"toJapanforallithasdoneforthe

Gamesdespitethepostponement.That'swhytheGameswillstillbecalledtheTokyo2020

OlympicandParalympicGamesdespitetakingplacein2021.TheOlympicflamewillalsoremain

storedanddisplayedinJaptn.

Moreimportantly,allmembersintheOlympicfamily,guidedbytheOlympicspiritof

respectandunderstanding,aremorallyboundtostandbehindJapantogothroughthismost

difficultmomentin(heGames'history.

I.Whatdoestheword"it"inParagraph3referto?

A.Thedecision.B.TheGames.

C.Thepandemic.D.Ihewar.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"meticulously"inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Wisely.B.Recently.C.Easily.D.Precisely.

3.Weknowfromthepassage.

A.theGamesshouldbeputoffintimesofwarsanddisasters

B.theGameswillstillbecalledtheTokyo2020OlympicandParalympicGamesforJapan's

sacrifice

C.postponingtheGaineswillhaveabadinfluenceontheathletes

D.theOlympicfamilywillhavetomakeupforthelossofJapan

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.TheOlympicfamilywillsupportJapan.

B.JapanwillkeeptheOlympicflameburning.

C.PostponingtheGameswillbringtheworldhope.

D.TokyowillbecomethesymboloftheGames.

Passage3

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

說明文何為“老”262★★★7分鐘

Anagelessquestion:Whenissomeone"old"?

Whatdoes"old"reallymeanthesedays?Thisisn,tameaninglessquestion—notonlydoes

thedefinitionof"old"haveanoutsizedimpactonhowwefeelaboutourselves(nottomention

howothersviewus),italsomatterstopolicymakersdetermininghow(oplanforaging

populations.

TheUnitedNationshistoricallyhasdefinedolderpersonsaspeople60yearsoldorover

(sometimes65),Itdoesn'tmatterwhetheryouliveintheUnitedStates,ChinaorSenegaLeven

ihougiilifecxpculanuyisquitediffcrcnlineachuflliosccountries.Everyonebecomesoldal60.

ResearchersSergeiSchcrbovandWarrenSanderson,whostudyaging,arcsuggesting

overturningtheone-size-fits-alldefinitionof"old".Instead,theytalkabout"Drosnecliveage”,

whichlookstothefuture.Everyonewiththesameprospectiveagehasthesameexpected

remainingyearsoflife.

Scherbovexplainedthat"young"and"old"arerelativeconcepts,andtheircommonreference

pointislifeexpectancy.Andthat"old"wouldvarybetweennationsmakessense,especially

betweenmoreandlessdevelopedcountries,withdifferencesineducation,deathrates,accessto

healthcareandlifeexpectancy.

Butwhois"old"alsovaries—widely—betweenindividuals.Thepoint,saysScherbov,is

thatpersonalageisdependentonour"characteristics"—understandingabilities,disability,health

historyandeveneducationlevels.Thosewithmoreeducationtendnottosmoke,exercisemore

frequently,havebelterdietsandhaveregularcheckups—and,therelbre,livelonger,meaningthe

beginningoftheiroldagecomeslater,saysScherbov.

1.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Howwefeelaboutourselves.

B.Thedefinitionof"old".

C.Theimportanceofthedefinitionof"old'1.

D.Theplanforagingpopulations.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"prospectiveage"inparagraph3refer(oaccordingtothetext?

A.Theexpectedremainingyearsofone'slife.

B.Thebeginningofone'soldage.

C.Thedifferencesofour"characteristics".

D.Theagewhenonebecomesold.

3.WhatsimilaritydocsScherbovthink"young"and"old"have?

A.Understandingabilities.B.Nations.

C.Education.D.Thereferencepoint.

4.WhichofthefollowinghelpsonelolivelongeraccordingtoScherbov?

A.Asmuchexerciseaspossible.

B.Losingweight.

C.Studyinghislury.

D.Improvingtheeducationlevel.

Passaged

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

說明文能自學合作技能的機器人317★★7分鐘

Neverplaygameswithabot(robot)—itwillfindawaytocheatifitcan.Ateamfrom

OpenAl,anartificialintelligencelabinSanFrancisco,hasdevelopedartificiallyintelligentbots

thattaughtthemselvestocooperatebyplayinghide-and-seek.Thebotsalsolearnedhowtouse

basictoolstohelpwin.

BowenBakeratOpenAIandhiscolleagueswantedtoseeiftheteam-baseddynamicsofthe

OpenAIFivecouldbeusedtoproduceskillsthatcouldonedaybeusefultohumans.

Theresearcherssettheirbotslooseinasimulated（模擬的）environmentfilledwithfixed

walls,movableboxesandladders,andleftthemtoplayteamgamesofhide-and-seek.Thebots

eachhadiheirownviewoftheworldandcouldn'tcommunicatewitheachotherdirectly.

Atfirst,thehiderssimplyranaway.Buttheysoonworkedoutthatthequickestwaytostop

theseekerswastofindobjectsintheenvironmenttohidethemselvesfromview.Theseekers

learnedthattheycouldmoveboxesaroundandusethemtoclimboverwalls.Thebotsthen

discoveredthatbeingateam-player—passingobjectstoeachotherorcooperatingonahideout

——wasthequickestwaytowin.

Buttherealsurprisecamewhenthebotsstartedmakinguseofproblemsorfaults.Seekers

foundthatif（heypushedaladdertowardsawall,theycouldlaunchthemselvesinto（heairand

spothidersfromabove.Hidersfoundthattheycouldgetridoftheladdersbypushingthemaside.

ItshowsthatAIbotsareabletofindsolutionsthathumansmiss,saysBaker."Maybethey'll

evenbeabletosolveproblemsthathumansdon'tyetknowhowto."However,itisalargeleap（跳

躍）fromvirtualhide-and-secktorealproblem-solving."Themainlimitationisthatitisin

simulation,"saysChelseaFinnatStanfordUniversity.

I.WhydidBowenandhiscolleaguesconducttheresearch?

A.Toteachbotstoplaygames.

B.Totrainbotstousebasictools.

C.lbfindifbotsmaycheatlikehumans.

D.Tuseelliupulcnlialofbols'uuopcialiun.

2.What,sthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thetoolsoftheresearch.

B.Thedesignof（heresearch.

C.Thecompetitorsofthegame.

D.Theenvironmentofthegame.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Passingobjects.B.Movingboxesaround.

C.Makinguseoffaults.D.Hidingthemselvesfromview.

4.WhatdoesChelseathinkofthefindingoftheresearch?

A.ItcanbridgeagapintheAIresearch.

B.Itwillnotbeinfluencedby(herealworld.

C.Itwilldefinitelyhelptherealproblem-solving.

D.Ilmaynotberealizedoutofthevirtualworld.

Passage5

語篇類型主題詞數難度建議時間

說明文頭像與性格間的關系327★★★8分鐘

Whenwemeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weusuallygetavaguesenseofwhatkindof

persontheyarebythewaytheyshakehands,talkorwalk.Intheageofsocialnetworking,

however,firstimpressionsaresometimesmadeevenbeforeweactuallymeetsomeoneinperson

—thatis,bylookingattheirprofilephoto.

Accordingtoarecentstudy,thesesocialimagessaya'otaboutourpersonality.Inthestudy,

agroupofresearchersfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUSusedsoftwaretoanalyzethe

profilepicturesof66,000usersofoneUSsocialplatform.Atthesametime,about434

participantswereaskedtocompleteasurveyabouttheirpersonalitytype.

Accordingtotheresults,openpeoplearemorelikelytoposeinanunusualwayanduse

objectssuchasglassesoraguitarintheirprofilephotobecausetheyenjoynewandexciting

experiences.Meanwhile,neuroticpeopleoftenholdbacktheirnegativeemotions.Theytryto

avoidshowingtheirface;instead,theyuseanimageofsomethinglikeapet,acarorabuilding.

That,sbecauseneuroticpeoplearestronglyinfluencedbythe"strongsocialnormagainstavery

sadorangryappearanceinprofilepictures".

Apartfromtheobjectsinprofilepictures,thecolorsusedinthemalsogiveussome

informationaboutthephoto'sowner.Forexample,exlraverlswerefoundtohavethemostcolorful

profileimages,astheywanttoemphasizetheirpersonalityandshowthemselvesoff.

DanielPreoiuc-PietrofromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniawroteintheresearchpaper,

"Socialmediaphotosusuallyrepresentanextensionofone'sself,buttheyalsoallowauserto

shapehisorherownpersonalityandidealizedview,"So,v/henchoosingaprofilephoto,maybe

weshouldaskourselvesfirstwhatkindofimagewe'dliketoconvey.Afterall,firstimpressions

alwayslast.

1.Whydoneuroticpeopleoftenavoidshowingtheirfacein(heirprofilephoto?

A.Becausetheyarefondofpets,carsandbuildings.

B.Becausetheywanttoenjoynewexperiences.

C.Becausetheydon'iwanttoexpose(heirnegativeimages.

D.Because(heyarenotconfidentaboutthemselves.

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.4referto?

A.Openpeople.B.Neuroticpeople.

C.Negativepeople.D.Popularpeople.

3.Whatisthewriter'sattitudetowardsthechoiceofaprofilephoto?

A.Cas