專題11難點(diǎn)題型(3)閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題

償命.題趨勢(shì)

考點(diǎn)題型特點(diǎn)注意點(diǎn)

細(xì)節(jié)題該題型在閱讀理解中占比是最大的基做細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)要準(zhǔn)確定位到文章中的關(guān)鍵詞，注意

本上每一篇文章都會(huì)考察到此題型。原文再現(xiàn)和同義句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。

推斷題該題型是閱讀理解中難度較大的題做推斷題時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)讀出作者說話的的言外之意，

型，需要學(xué)生有知曉言外之意的能力。以及作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度是支持、反對(duì)還是中立。

在知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖

士重更考向

一、細(xì)節(jié)題的做題方法

二、推斷題的做題方法

考向一：細(xì)節(jié)題的做題方法

1.閱讀問題。

2.在文中找出對(duì)應(yīng)的答案句，即定位。

(1)、關(guān)鍵信息定位法。這個(gè)主要是細(xì)節(jié)題，如涉及到數(shù)字(日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等)，就可以在文章中快

速圖出數(shù)字，再找出目標(biāo)數(shù)字及相對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)作息，還有人物姓名、地點(diǎn)名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提

示情節(jié)發(fā)展，或條綱性關(guān)鍵字眼，如First,Next,Finally等等。

3.(2)、同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一

致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉(zhuǎn)換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎(chǔ)上拐了個(gè)彎

細(xì)節(jié)題容易出錯(cuò)主要有幾種情況：

a.干擾項(xiàng)多。類似的內(nèi)容多而雜，需要從中找出準(zhǔn)確答案。例如:短文同時(shí)出現(xiàn)多個(gè)朋友，過去現(xiàn)在的十幾

種愛好，細(xì)節(jié)題考某人過去的愛好，需要在多而雜的內(nèi)容中，帶上問題，逐一去尋找，比對(duì)，找到正確選項(xiàng)。

b.迷惑性強(qiáng)。例:文中出現(xiàn)總金牌數(shù),問題問的是奧運(yùn)金牌數(shù)，粗心的考生易錯(cuò)選總金牌數(shù)。這類題要看清

「次解題原貝I」：忠實(shí)于原文上下文及

全篇的邏短關(guān)系，決不能上觀臆斷。

》一文章中心是論點(diǎn)，事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是論

據(jù)或主要理由:有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)的問題常對(duì)

文中某個(gè)詞語、某句子、某段落等細(xì)

節(jié)及事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問，所提問題一般可

直接或間接在文章中找到答案。

X提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what,

who,which,where,how,why等。

典例和會(huì)

-J________.---------------L---

[2022無錫中考】

A

26.IfBobtakesthetourwithhisparents,theywillpay.

A.$50B.$100C.$150D.$200

27.OnNovember1stthetouristswillstartthetourat.

A.BalinghaiBeachB.CoralGarden

C.CrocodileandBulabogBeachD.PukaBeach

【答案】26.C27.C

【解析】

26.C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題，孩子和父母一起去的話，總共3個(gè)人，每個(gè)人50沒有，總共150美元，答案選C。

27.Co細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)海報(bào)的倒數(shù)第三行信息可知答案選C。

C

LupeMedrano,ashygirlwasastraightAstudent.ThoughLupehadasharpmind,

shecouldnot,nomatterhowmuchshetried,runasfastastheothergirls.Thetruth

wasthatLupewasnogoodinsports.

"I'llneverbegoodalsports."Shefeltangryonerainydayasshelayonherbed,

lookingattheshelfherfatherhadmadetoholdherawards."IwishIcouldwinsomething,anything,evenmarble

（彈珠）

Attheword“marbles”,shesatup."That'sit.MaybeIcouldbegoodatplayingmarbles,andmarblesisa

sport."Sherushedoutofherroomandfoundthemarblesinherbrother'sroom.

Shepracticedshootingsoftlyatfirst.Themarblerolledfromherthumb（力討旨）andclickedagainstthetargeted

（作為目標(biāo)的）marble.Butthetargetwouldn'tbudge.Shetriedagainandagain,butthepowerfromherthumb

madethetargetedmarblerollonlyaninchortwo.

Sherealizedherthumbwasweakandthendecidedtosqueeze（捏）arubbereraseronehundredtimes,hopingit

wouldstrengthenherthumb.

Theweekspassedquickly.Lupeworkedsohardthatoneday,whileshewasdryingdishes,hermotherasked

whyherthumbwasswollen（腫脹的）.

differenttypesofwetlandshavedifferentkindsofplants.Onlymosses（苔辭）andafewotherkindsofplantscan

growinbogs.Grassyplantslikecattails（香蒲）andreeds（蘆葦）arethemostmonplantsinamarsh.Aswampisa

forestwhosegroundisunderwaterallormostofthetime.Unlikebogsormarshes,aswampisfulloftreesand

bushes.It'snotagoodideatogoexploringaswampwithoutaguide.Therearehiddenpoolsofwater,thickmud.

andsometimesbigcrocodiles（鱷魚）lookingfortheirnextmeal.

Hungrycrocodilesaren'ttheonlyanimalsthatmakethewetlandstheirhome.Otters,turtles,frogs,snakesand

manyotheranimalsdotoo.Thewaterishometomanykindsoffishandcrabs.Birds,includingclucks,geeseand

cranes,usewetlandsseasonallyduringtheirlongmigrations.

Wetlandsareimportantbecausetheyprovidehabitatsforplantsandanimals.Awetlandsystemcanalsoprotect

shorelines,makepollutedwatersclean,preventfloods,andrestoreundergroundwatersupplies.

AccordingtoWWF,morethanhalfoftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedsincethebeginningofthe20th

century.Ifthiscontinues,countlessplantandanimalspecieswillsurelydieout.Withoutwetlands,citieshaveto

spendmoremoneytreatingwater.Don'tfeelhelpless.Trytodoyourparttoprotectthemrightnow.Herearesome

ideas.

31.AccordingtoParagraph2,wha:canyouseeinaswamp?

A.Mosses.B.Cattails.C.Reeds.D.Trees.

32.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

A.Wetlandsareamanmadewaterholdingsystem.

B.Thereare（hreetypesofwetlandsin（heworld.

C.Peoplecannotmeetwithbigcrocodilesinwetlands.

D.Wetlandscanprotectshorelinesandpreventfloods.

【答案】31.D32.D

【解析】

【31題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“aswampisfulloftreesandbushes”可知在沼澤地里有樹木和灌木。故選I）。

[32題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"wetlandsystemcanalsoprotectshorelines,makepollutedwatersclean,preventfloods”

可知濕地系統(tǒng)還可以保護(hù)海岸線、防止洪水。故選D。

考向二：推斷題的做題方法

推理判斷題的常見類型：

細(xì)節(jié)推理判斷題

預(yù)測(cè)推理判斷題

推測(cè)文章來源或讀者對(duì)象

寫作意圖、目的、態(tài)度推斷題

推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)）:

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章陵盒意思，又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的

發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮,不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)。

詢問寫作目的的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：explain（解釋）,prove（證明）,persuade（勸說）,advise（勸告）,ment（評(píng)

論）,praise（贊揚(yáng)）,criticize（批評(píng)）,enlertain（娛樂）,demonstrate（舉例說明），argue（辯論）,lell（講述）,analyze（分析）

等。

詢問語氣態(tài)度的題，選項(xiàng)里常出現(xiàn)的詞是：neutral（中立的）,sympathetic（同情的）,satisfied（滿意的）,friendly（友

好的），enthusiastic（熱情的）,subjective（主觀的），objective（客觀的），matteroffact（實(shí)事求是的）,pessimistic（悲觀

的）,optimistic（樂觀的）,critical（批評(píng)的）,doubtful（懷疑的），hostile（敵對(duì)的）,indifferent（冷淡的），disappointed（失

望的）。

方法技巧

4_q_,

刀▼推理判斷題：著堂考作學(xué)生

納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。

★透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)情作擰思！

《想像向、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、語氣及態(tài)；

:度等。；

天以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的

觀，、［理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對(duì)文

中未叨顯說叨的現(xiàn)象或事例給廣合

'理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解群。

典例引微

，*I

【2022泰州中考】

A

StoreGuide

Here'salistthatshowswhatisoneachfloorofadepartmentstore.

29.Accordingtotheinformationof2F,whichofthefollowingiconsisthemostsuitablefor[7]?

人回&C?D回

【答案】29.C

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)清單內(nèi)容SecondFloor“FoodHall”可知，應(yīng)把C選項(xiàng)放入問號(hào)處，故選C。

Wanttoenjoysomeexerciseathome?Herearesomeonlinefitnesslivecoursesforyou!

LIUGENGHONG'SSHUTTLECOCKEXERCISE

Buildstrongbodiesinafantasticway!

聲（Shuttlecockexercisedoesnotrequireequipment（裝備）andisperfectforpeopletoperformat

home.LiuGenghonghelpsyoutokeepgoinguntilthelastminute,andyoucanburnyourfat

fast.

p.m.:7p.m.一8:30p.m.onweekdays

9a.m.—10:30a.m.atweekends

LATINDANCEWITHKAREN

Havefunandgelfit!

Doyoulovedancingandparties?Well,Latindanceisforyou—itmixesgreatmusicand

dancingwithhardexercise(burn1,000caloriesanhour).KarenisanexperiencedLatindance

力trainerandmanypeoplelikeherclassesverymuch.

Time:2p.m.-4p.m.onweekdays

9a.m.—11a.m.atweekends

YOGAWITHSARA

Exerciseyourbodyandmind!

Sara'syogaclassesareperfectfbrpeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirstrengthandshapetheir

bodies.Sarahastrainedinseveraldifferentstylesofyoga.

Timc:3p.m.-4p.m.everyMondayandWednesdayforbeginners

4p.m.-5p.m.everyTuesdayandThursdayforexperiencedlearners

JOHN'SSPINCLASSES

Havealotoffunonabike!

Spinclassesareasafeandeffectivewaytoworkout—itdoesn'tmatterhowoldyouarcor

粽howfityouarc.Johnisanexcellentspintrainerwho'llinspireyoutodoyourbestinevery

￡3tclass.

Time:7p.m.一8p.m.everyday

33.Whereisthematerialprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atourguide.B.Asportswebsite.

C.Anewsreport.D.Afashionmagazine.

【答案】33.B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wanttoenjoysomeexerciseathome?Herearesomeonlinefitnesslivecourses

foryou!”(想在家里鍛煉身體嗎？這里有一些在線健身直播課程供您選擇！)可知這篇材料可能來自一個(gè)體

育網(wǎng)站，故選B。

[2022徐州中考】

D

Peterlovesbaseball.Lastsummer,hehelpedcoachaschoolbaseballteam.Whenhefirstwatchedtheteamof

12yearoldsplaybaseball,hisfirstimpressionswerenotreallypositive.

Oneplayeroftenleftassoonastheystartedlosing.Anotherplayerpaidtoomuchattentiontoalltheirmistakes

duringthegame.Otherboyspreferredtodigupthegrasswhentheyweren'tintheplay.Alotofboysthrewtheir

baseballbatswhentheylostthecatch.

Whiletheirbaseballskillsimprovedovertimewithmorepractice,therewerestillproblemswiththeirallimportant

character.Theteamhadalongwaytogo.Forexample,someboyswerehardonthosewhomademistakes.Instead

ofbeingsupportiveorencouraging,theyblamed（責(zé)怪）eachother.

Peterstartedoneononetalkswitheachplayertodiscussthingsthathehadnoticed.Somewereaboutskillslike

holdingthebatuphigheroropeningtheireyeswhentheyweremakingacatch.Butmostwereaboutstaying

positiveandsupportingeachother.

Slowlythingsbegantochange.Theboysbegantotakethedutiesfortheirplayinsteadofblamingothersfor

mistakes.Theystayedoptimisticevsnwhenlosing.Theteamculturewasimproving.

Playersbeganencouragingeachother,highfivingandsupportingteammates.Peterwasespeciallypleasedtosee

someof（heboystakingleadershiprolesandhavingtheirownoneononetalkswiththeirteammates.

Peterdoesn'tthinkhemadehugeprogressinteachingtheboyshowtothrow,catchorhitbetter,buthewaspleased

thattheirconversationsaroundcharacterledtosomethingpositive.Althoughtheteamstilllostgames,theplayers

hadstrongercharacters.Nextseason,theircharacterswillbetestedagain.

43.Paragraph2mainlytellsusthattheplayershadproblemswiththeir.

A.baseballskillsB.baseballbatsC.charactersD.training

45.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Peter'seffortsfbrtheteamwork.

B.Theteamwillwinthenextseason.

C.Thecoachoftheteamwantstoleave.

D.They'llbemanyfightsamongtheboys.

【答案】43.C45.A

【解析】

【43題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Oneplayeroftenleftassoonastheystartedlosing.Anotherplayerpaidtoomuch

attentiontoalltheirmistakesduringthegame.Otherboyspreferredtodigupthegrasswhentheyweren't

intheplay.Alotofboysthrewtheirbaseballbatswhentheylostthecatch.”可推理出，第二段主要告訴我們

球員的性格有問題。故選C。

【45題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，尤其是最后一段“Peterdoesn'tthinkhemadehugeprogressinteachingthe

boyshowtothrow,catchorhitbetter...theplayershadstrongercharacters.Nextseason,theircharacterswill

betestedagain.”可知，此處是在描述Peter為團(tuán)隊(duì)工作所做的努力。故選A。

恰跟蹤ijll練

第~"篇?

AndieAng'spersonalinterestinmonkeyswasawakenedwhenshewasachild.Ilerfathersawsomesailors

mistreatingasmallyoungAfricanmonkeyandbroughtithome.

Justtenatthetime,Angclearlyremembersherexcitementonfirstseeingthegoldenfurredlittlemonkey.She

namedhiinAhBoyandtheysoonbecameclosefriends.wouldcyclethroughtheneighborhoodandAhBoy

wouldalwaysfollowme,J,recallsAng."'Neighborswouldstoptolookandcry,"Oh,socute!”AhBoyquickly

developedahabitofclimbingontoAng'sshoulderstopullherhairapartinsearchofanythingthatshouldn,thave

beenthere.

Butastheyearspassed,thefamilybecameunabletocareforthemonkey,soAngturnedtotheInternetforhelp.

Afterahardandcostlysearching,thedayarrivedforAngandAhBoytosaygoodbye.Itwasatearfulpartingfor

her.Laterthatday,Angmadeuphermindtostudymonkeys."Thetimewcspenttogethermademewanttoknow

moreaboutmonkeys,thethreats（威脅）tothem,andhowwecanhelp,''shesays.

AftergettingaLifeSciencesdegree（學(xué)位）,AngwentontoplctcaPHDinBiologicalAnthropologywitha

specialtyinRaffles'bandedlangurs（黑脊葉猴）,whichhadn'tbeenstudiedfbr15years.

Tocay,shespendshoursinSingapore'sCentralCatchmentNatureResene,wherethewholelocalpopulationof

Raffles'bandedlangurscanbefound,doingfieldresearchintheforest.AsaresultofAng'sworkandgrowing

supportamonglocals,themunityhasctobetterunderstandthevalueofnativewildlife.Thefutureofthissmall

populationofRaffles'bandedlangurshasbeealotmorecertain.

27.TheauthorwritesParagraph2mainlytoshow

A.（heexcitementofAngB.theconnectionbetweentheneighbors

C.（heclevernessofAhBoyD.theclosenessbetweenAngandAhBoy

28.WhatmadeAngdecidetostudymonkeys?

A.Herfather'sencouragement.B.HerexperienceofcaringfbrAhBoy.

C.Herneighbors'loveforAhBoy.D.Herinterestingettingasciencedegree.

29.WhatdoweknowaboutRaffles'bandedlangurs?

A.TheyhavebeensentbacktoAfrica.B.Theyarchumanbeings'lifefriends.

C.Theyarcunderlocalprotectionnow.D.Theyhavealreadyhadalargepopulation

【答案】27.D28.B29.C

【解析】

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"ShenamedhimAhBoyandtheysoonbecameclosefriends"及“AhBoyquicklydeveloped

ahabitofclimbingontoAng'sshoulderstopullherhairapartinsearchofanythingthatshouldn'thave

beenthere.”可知這段講的是AndieAng和AhBoy之間的親密關(guān)系。故選D。

【28題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)“Thetimewespenttogethermademewanttoknowmoreaboutmonkeys,thethreats（威

脅）tothem,andhowwecanhelp”可知和AhBoy一起的經(jīng)歷讓她對(duì)猴子感興趣并想進(jìn)一步去研究。故選B?

【29題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“wherethewholelocalpopulationofRaffles'bandedlangurscanbefound,doingfield

researchintheforest”可知黑脊葉猴在當(dāng)?shù)厣直槐Ｗo(hù)，故選C.

第二篇:

Haveyoueverlearnedtoblowbubbles?IwasteachingmygranddaughterAnnerecently.Wegotapieceofwire

（金屬絲），turnitintoacircle,andputthecircleinsomesoap（月巴皂）water.Atfirstsheblewtoohard,andthewater

justrandownthewireontoherfingers.Asshelearnedtoblowgently,severalbigbubblesformedandflewoffinto

theair.Shewasexcited.Shetriedtocatch,watchedthembreak,andlaughed.Itwasagoodthingthatshehad

learnedsomethingnew,becauseIdidn'tknowwhatwasabouttohappenlater.

Annefelloverandhurtherkneeratherbadly.Ineededtocleanherkneeandcoverthewound,butithurtandshe

didn'twantmetotouchit.Shewasscareditmighthurtevenmore.

Irememberedhowshe'dlaughedwhenshe,dblownthebubbles,so,before1startedtocleanthewound,1wentand

gotourwireringandsoapwater.Annebreathedoutslowly,bigbubblestartedtoform.Shewatcheditflyintothe

air,asmileappearing.Itwasasifshewereblowingherscaryfeelingsaway.Maybeshewasimaginingputtingthe

badfeelingsinthebubbles,flewacrosstheroom,awayfromher.Learning(ocontrolherbreathing,Annewas

havingfunmakingdifferentkindsofbubbles.Icleanedupherwoundassheblewawaybubbles,notrealizingthat

shewaslearninghowtochangeherfeelings,orhowtodealwithherpain.

24.WhydidthewritergiveAnnetheringandsoapwaterinParagraph3?

A.Annewantedtoblowbubbles.B.Annecouldforgetaboutthepain.

C.Theylikedblowingbubblestogether.D.Theyhadnothingtodoatthemoment.

25.Whatisthecorrectorderofwhaihappenedinthestory?

①Annestoppedcryingandblewbubbleshappily.

②ThewritertaughtAnnehowtoblowbubbles.

③ThewriterfinishedcleaningAnne'swound.

④Annefelloverandhurtherkneebadly.

③B.②④③①C.??①③D.④②③①

【答案】24.B25.A

【解析】

[24題詳解】

推理判斷題，根據(jù)"Irememberedhowshe'dlaughedwhenshe'dblownthebubbles,so,beforeIstartedto

cleanthewound,Iwentandgotourwireringandsoapwater.”作者記得她吹泡泡時(shí)大笑的樣子，所以在開

始清理傷口之前，拿了鋼絲環(huán)和肥皂水。可知拿這些的目的是希望孫女忘記傷口的疼痛，故選B。

【25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題，閱讀短文可知"IwasteachingmygranddaughterAnnerecently”作者首先教孫女吹肥皂泡；

“Annefelloverandhurtherkneeratherbadly."接著孫女不小心摔著了；“Annebreathedoutslowly,big

bubblestartedtoform.Shewatcheditflyintotheair,asmileappearing.”孫女停止哭泣,開心吹泡泡，忘記

疼痛；"Icleanedupherwoundassheblewawaybubbles,notrealizingthatshewaslearninghowtochange

herfeelings,orhowtodealwithherpain.”作者給孫女清理完傷口，故選Ao

它真題過關(guān)

細(xì)節(jié)題

[2022蘇州中考】

A

11.IfyouarefreeonSundaynight,whichconceitcanyouattend?

A.Countymusic.B.Folk.C.Jazz.D.Rock.

12.HowmuchwillMr.Greenpayifhegoestothecountrymusicconcertwithhistwokids?

A.￡10.B.￡20.C.￡30.D.￡40.

【答案】1LD12.B

【解析】

[11題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Rock...Time:Sunday7PM9PM”可知，如果你周日晚上有空，你能去聽搖滾音樂會(huì)，

故選D。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Countrymusic...￡10Adult￡5Children”可知，如果格林先生帶他的兩個(gè)孩子去鄉(xiāng)村音樂

會(huì)，他要付10+5+5=20英鎊，故選B。

B

Onwarmwinterdays,YangLiheng,89,enjoyssiltingbythewindowandlookingthrougholdphotos.These

photosbringhimjoyandhappinessoncemore.

ForYang,oneofthelongexpectedactivitiesduringtheSpringFestivalistotakephotoswithfamilymembers.

OntheearlymorningoftheseconddayoftheChineseNewYearwhenthewholefamilyreunite,hewoulddressup

andwaitforthephototobetaken.

Yangbecameaphotographerinthelate1950s.Withhiscamera,Yangrecordedthegreatchangesofhis

hometownovertime.hadapainfulchildhood,butIgotachancetobeaphotographerafterthefounding（成立）

ofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.^^YangtoldBeijingReview.t4Iwanttorecord,intheformofphotographs,the

localcustoms,thescenesandpeople'sbravespiritoffightingagainstthehardconditionshereinmyhometown.M

“Iusedtotakepicturesfbreveryoneelse,butseldomturnedmycameraatmyfamilymembers,''Yangsaid.

“Mygrandsongavemetheideatorecordthegrowthanddevelopmentofmyownfamily."Takingfamilyphotos

thenbecameatraditionfbrYang'sfamily.Thoughnowsomeofhisgrandchildrenarcworkingandlivinginother

cities,theytrytheirbesttoreturnhomeduringtheSpringFestivalandprepareforthespecialmoment.

LastyearwasanimportantyearforYangLihcng.MostofhisphotosweredisplayedinYinchuantoshowthe

developmentoftheareaoverthepastsixtyyears.

14.WhatdoesYangexpectmostduringtheSpringFestival?

A.Wearingnewclothes.B.Havingabigdinner.

C.Takingafamilyphoto.D.Visitinghisrelatives.

【答案】14.C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"ForYang,oneofthelongcxpcctedactivitiesduringtheSpringFestivalistotake

photoswithfamilymembers”可知，春節(jié)期間期待已久的活動(dòng)之一就是和家人合影，故選Co

C

Allaboard!Let'stakearideontheworld'shighestrailway—theQinghaiTibetRailway（青敏鐵路）.Sitback

andenjoythejourney.Getreadyforthetripofalifetime.

We'releavingQinghaiStation.Thesceneryalongthewayissomeofthe

wildestinallofChina.Keepyoureyesopenasweracethroughthisbeautiful

land.YoumightseearareTibetanantelope（藏羚羊）fromyourwindow.

Beforewcbeginourjourney,let'slearnaboutthisamazingrailway.It'struly

oneofthegreatengineeringwondersofthe21stcentury.WhenitwasplctcdonJuly1,2006,theTibetRailwayset

nineworldrecords,includingtheworld'shighestrailwayat5,072metresabovesealevel,theworld'shighest

tunnel（隧道）at4,905metres,andthelongesttunneleverbuiltonpermafrost（凍土）.

Aswetravelhigher,theairgetsthinnerandthinner.Soontherewillonlybe50to60percentoftheoxygen

whichweareusedtobreathing.Butdon'tbeafraid.Eachrailcarhastwoseparateoxygensystems.Onesystem

spreadsoxygenthroughoutthetrainatalltimes.Andeachpassengercanalsogetapersonaloxygenmaskjustlike

thoseusedinplanes.

Ilereareafewmorethingstothinkaboutasourtrainleavesthestation.Thedesignerssolvedthreemain

challengeswhenbuildingthisgreatrailway.First,thehighaltitude（海拔）madethetaskdifficultbecausetherewas

noenoughoxygen.Second,muchoftherailwayrunsacrosspermafrost,atypeofgroundthatkeepschangingas

theweatherwarmsandcools.Finally,therailwaygoesthroughsomeofthemostsensitiveecology（敏感的生態(tài)環(huán)

境）inChina.Greatcarewasnecessary（omakesureofthesmallestpossibleinfluenceonnature.

Allthreechallengesweremet,makingourtrippossible.Allaboard!ThetraintoTibetisleavinginfifteen

minutes.

18.Wherearethepassengers?

A.Onabus.B.Onatrain.C.Onaship.D.Onaplane.

20.Howmanyoxygensystemsarethereineachrailcar?

A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.

21.Whichofthefollowingincreasedthedifficultyofbuildingtherailway?

A.Thechangingground.B.Thepollutedair.C.Thedangerousanimals.D.Thehotweather.

【答案】18.B20.B21.A

【解析】

【18題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"We'releavingQinghaiStation.Thesceneryalongthewayissomeofthewildestinallof

China”可知，乘客現(xiàn)在在火車站，故選B。

【20題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Eachrailcarhastwoseparateoxygensystems”可知，每節(jié)車廂都有兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的氧氣系統(tǒng),

故選B。

【21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“First,thehighaltitude（海拔）madethetaskdifficultbecausetherewasnoenough

oxygen”可知，高海拔使任務(wù)變得困難，因?yàn)闆]有足夠的氧氣，故選A。

D

WhenIwaslittle,Iwasreallylittle.Butmydreamwasbig.Idreamedofbeingabasketballplayer.Itriedout

fortheteamsatschool,butIwasnevergivenachance.

AsIgotolder,Ididgrowalittlebigger,butnotalotbigger.Onmy12thbirthday,Idecidedtotryanewsport:

running.ItoldGrandpa.uFmgoingtobeanathlete.”

“Dave."Grandpabegangently,“ifyoucan'tbebig,youcandosomethingbig.^^

iran12milesonmy12thbirthday.Onmy13thbirthday,Ididitagain,but1addedanextramile.Onmy14th

birthday,Iran14miles.15onmy15th,16onmy16th,andyouguessedit—17milesonmy17thbirthday.

Allthisrunninginspired（激發(fā)）anotherbigdrcam.Someday,I'druntheBostonMarathon（波士頓馬拉松

賽）.ItoldGrandpaaboutmydecision.

“But,Dave,youhaven'ttrainedfbrthemarathon.Areyousureyou'reready?^^Grandpaasked.Buthestill

promisedtowalkoverandcheermeon.

Iranfastthatday,ButIfellatMile18andwasdriventothehospital.Laterthatnight,IcalledGrandpaand

toldhimIfailed.

“No,”hesaidcalmly,“youdidn'tfail.Youdiscoveredsomething.”

“Idid?”Iasked.

“Yes,youdiscoveredthatbigdreamsdon'tjustetrue.Theytakework.Ifyoutrainandworkhard,Ipromise

towaitibryounextyearandcheeryouon.”

Itrainedever}--day,runningmilesandmiles.Sadly,justtwomonthsintomytraining.Grandpadied.He

wouldn'tbewaitingfbrmysecondBostonMarathon.IdecidedI'drunfbrhim.

Thatday,Iranfast.uKeepgoing!Youcandoit!”HiswordsfilledmyheadasIforcedmylegstcmakeeach

painfi.ilstep.AsIcrossedthefinishline,Ithrewmyarmsintheairandcried,“Grandpa,\vcdidit!”

22.WhydidDavefailtojointheschoolbasketballteam?

A.Hecouldn'trunfast.B.Hedidn'tworkhard.

C.Hewasnottallenough.D.Hewasn'taquicklearner.

【答案】22.C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"WhenIwaslittle,Iwasreallylittle.Butmydreamwasbig.Idreamedofbeinga

basketballplayer”可知，因?yàn)樽髡卟粔蚋?，所以沒有進(jìn)入籃球隊(duì)，故選C。

B

Everymonth,Juliaandhercousinswouldgofbrthebigfamilymealattheirgrandparents'house.Oneachvisit,

theirgrandpawouldgivethemafewcoins.Thenallthechildrenwouldrunofftobuysweets.Oneday,hegathered

thechildrentogether.Hesaid,"Lei'shaveapetitiontoseewhocanmanagemoneywisely.Attheendofthisyear,

tellmehowyou'veusedyourn^oney.^^

RubenandNico,thetwosmallestkids,continuedspendingtheirmoneyallonsweets.Everytime,theywouldshow

offtheirsweetsinfrontoftheotherchildren.ThismadeClaraandJoesoangrythatthesetw。couldnolongerkeep

savingtheirmoney.TheysoonjoinedRubenandNico.

Montywasacleverboy.Hedecidedtomanagehismoneybybuyingandsellingthings.Soonhemadealotof

moneywithlittleefforl.Thewayhewasgoing,hewouldendupalmostarichman.However,hebegantospend

hismoneyonmoreandmoreexpensivethingsfbrhimself.Afewmonthslater,hehadn'tasinglepenny（便上）lcft.

Alexsavedandsavedallthecoinshewasgiven,andattheendoftheyearhehadcollectedmoremoneythan

anyone.He