Unit1WritingFoundation英語學(xué)術(shù)論文寫作教程點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本OverviewWritingandpublishingacademicpapersinEnglishisachallengetomostChineseuniversitygraduatestudentsontheirpathtograduation.Tobeabletodoresearchinaparticularacademicfieldandpublishtheresearchresultsinapaperinthemostwidelyusedlanguageislargelyaprerequisiteandfoundationtoqualifyamasteroradoctoreducationinwhateverspecialty.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Overview

Mostpossibly,anacademicpaperisbothargumentativeandexpositivewhichaimsatsharinginformationonagivenresearchsubject.Inthisunit,pre-writingtasksaredesignedtoshapestudents’understandingofagoodwritingprocessbydiscussingpurpose,logic,styleandsomelanguagetechniquesforacademicwriting.Theactualwritingprocessitselfisnotelaboratedinthefirstunitatlength.However,theissuesdiscussedwillbehighlyrelevanttoeveryunitinthisbook.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本W(wǎng)hatisthepurposeofwritingacademicpapers?Whatisthepurposeofwritingacademicpapers?Somestudentsbelievethattowriteacademicallyisto“soundintimidating.”Astudentclaimed,“Whenyouinflateweakideas,obscurepoorreasoning,andinhibitclarity,youcreateanimpenetrablefoginthewritinganditmaylookprofound.”Accordingtothisstatement,itseemsthatphraseologymightbethemostimportantconsiderationinacademicwriting,whichcanexcuseTask1點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本W(wǎng)hatisthepurposeofwritingacademicpapers?“weakideas,”tolerate“poorreasoning”andproduceawebofinexplicablelanguageto“l(fā)ookgood.”Incontrast,SolStein(1995:27)believesthat“muchacademicwritingiscounter-educationalbecauseitsdullnessinsulatesitsinformationfromnearlyeverybody.”Whatisinyourmindwhenyoudecidetowritesomethingconcerningyourfieldofstudy?點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task1Pleasereadthestatementaboveanddiscusswithyourpartner.Thenshareyouranswerstothefollowingquestions.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions1.Towhosestatementdoyouagree?Thestudents’orthatbySolStein?2.Doyouthinkphraseologyisthemostimportantelementinacademicwriting?Ifyes,why?Ifnot,whatelementsareimportant?3.Whatpurposesmightcollegestudentshaveinwritingacademicpapers?Whatshouldbetherightunderstandingofpurposesinwritingacademicpapersaccordingtoyourlearningexperiences?點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task2AFewStrategiesYouMayUseforWritingDiscussthesepossiblewritingstrategieswithyourpartner.Putacheck(√)beforethestrategiesyouwouldprobablyuseandacircle(○)beforethoseyouconsiderashelpfulandeffective.Writeasummaryof50–100wordsaboutthestrategiesyouwouldrecommendtoyourclassmates.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本1.SearchingontheInternettofindwhatisnewintherelevantfield.2.Learningfromoneormoreseminaljournalarticlesinyourfieldofresearchandreferringtothemasmodelsbypayingspecialattentiontohowthepaperisorganizedandwhatphrasesareused,etc.3.WritingaChinesepaperfirstandthentranslatingeverything.4.Spendingalotoftimereadingbooksordoingresearch,thenquicklywritingyourownpaperbasedonthedatayouhavecollected.5.Waitingforyoursupervisortotellyouwhattowriteandhow.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本6.Relyingonamentorwhogivesyouadviceonchoicesofsubjectsandinformationonjournalsorconferencesforsubmissionofyourpapers.7.AskingafriendwhoisanEnglishmajortodotheproof-readingforyou.8.Writingwiththeconsciousnessofanaudienceandbeingawareofwhatneedstobesaidandwhatdoesnot.9.Recognizingthatstylesmattermuchandtryingtomakestylisticchangesinpaperwriting.10.Writingalittleeverydayandmanagingtofinishthedraftwithinamonth.Thetips2,4,6,8,9,10areindeedmuchmoreusefulinwritingadecentacademicpaper點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本StrategiesinAcademicWriting

Itiscrucialtoidentifyyourtargetaudiencepriortocommencingthewritingprocess.Asagraduatestudent,yourpossiblereadersmightincludeyoursupervisor,membersofthesiscommittee,journalreviewersorscholarsattendingaconference.Theknowledgeofyourreadershelpsyoutodecidethecontentandstyleofthepaper.UnderstandYourAudience點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task3Nowyouareastudentwhoisgoingtowritetoyoursupervisorandteampartnerexplainingwhythelastexperimentwentwrongandaskfortheirsupport.Thefailurewasmadeduetoawrongmeasurementofadditivereagents.InEmailAyouaddressedyoursupervisorwhileinEmailByouaddressedyourteampartner.ReadandcomparethesetwoEmails.Discusswitheachothertheirdifferencesin:choicesofwords.C.useofgrammarandpunctuation.B.lengthsofsentences.D.format.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本EmailA.EmailA:FormallanguageandprofessionaltoneFormalvocabularyMoredetailedexplanationsandformalexpressionsLonger,morecomplexStructuredintoparagraphsforclarity.Propergrammarandpunctuationthroughout.Consistentuseofcommas,periods,andcolons.Correctlyformattedsentencesandparagraphs.FormalformatwithaclearopeningandclosingStructuredparagraphsforclarityandorganization.Formalsign-off點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本EmailB.EmailB:InformallanguageandcasualtoneLessformalvocabularyMoreconversationalanddirectShorter,simplersentencesLessstructured,withlessemphasisonparagraphing.Generallycorrectgrammarandpunctuation,butmorecasual.OccasionaluseofcontractionsLessformalpunctuation,suchasthelackofacolonafterthesalutation.Informalformatwithacasualgreetingandclosing.Lessstructured,withamoreconversationalflow.Lessformalsign-off點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task4Readtheseexcerptsfromthreetextsthatdiscusstheconceptof“l(fā)andscape”andanswerthefollowingquestions.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Therearetwomainmeaningsfortheword“l(fā)andscape”:Itcanrefertothevisiblefeaturesofanareaofland,ortoanexampleofthegenreofpaintingthatdepictssuchanareaofland.Landscape,inbothsenses,includesthephysicalelementsoflandformssuchas(ice-capped)mountains,hills,waterbodiessuchasrivers,lakes,pondsandthesea,livingelementsoflandcoverincludingindigenousvegetation,humanelementsincludingdifferentformsoflanduse,buildingsandstructures,andtransitoryelementssuchaslightingandweatherconditions.PassageA點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Contrarytotheoldadage,greengrassmaymakeforbetterneighbors,notjealousones.Accordingtopreliminaryresultsfromanongoinglong-termstudyoflandscapesandhumaninteraction,neighborsaremorelikelytobesocialwhenlivingamonglushlawns.Theseresultsfromsixmini-neighborhoodsinPhoenixmaynotbodewellfortheongoingconflictbetweenenvironmentalandsocialwants.SociologistScottYabikuofArizonaStateUniversityandaninterdisciplinaryteamofcolleagueshavesetupfiveindependentlandscapegroupingswithinalargersuburbofvirtuallyidenticalhousingunits.Eachgroupofsixhomeshasbeenassignedtoaspecificlandscapetype:mesic,consistingofwater-lovingshadetreesandgrass;xeric,consistingofdesertplants;oasis,amixtureofboth;native,desertplantsfromtheregion;andcontrol,simplerockgroundcover.Theresearchersplantoassesshowthesevarietiesimpacteverythingfrommicroclimatestoimpactsonwildlifeaswellashowthevariouslandscapesaidorhindersocialinteraction.“Weoftenthinkofpeopletransformingandchangingtheenvironment,”Yabikunotes.“Butwealsowantedtodocumenttheotherpartofthepeople-environmentrelationship:Couldenvironmentstransformpeople?”PassageB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Astartingpointlieswiththeconceptofplace.Researchsincetheearly1970sconceptualizesplaceasaholistichuman-environmentrelationshipthatincludesemotionalfunctioningandsubjectiveimpulses.DavidCanter(1977)isgenerallycreditedwithdevelopingplacetheorysuggestingthatanindividual’sperceptionofplacehasthreeconstituents:thephysicalcomponents;theactivitiesthatoccurthere;andtheindividual’sthoughts,meaningsandunderstandings.Othershavealsocontributed,including,forexample,MayerSpivak,whodefinesplacebehaviorallyasafiniterangeofarchetypalplacesthatrelatepsychologicalhealthwithdiversityofplaceexperiences(Spivak,1973).Furtheraccountsemphasizehumandependenceonplacebyassigningspiritualsignificance(Norberg-Schulz,61980).Thetermgeniusloci,relativelyfamiliartolandscapearchitecture,steersdesignerstosearchoutanassumedpre-existentessence,uniquetospecificlocations,withwhichsubsequentdevelopmentshouldaimtoharmonize.PassageC點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:Forwhomaretheywritten?TextAiswrittenforcommonreaderswhohavenoknowledgeaboutthefield;TextBiswrittenalsoforcommonreadersbutwhoaresomewhatinterestedinthefield;TextCiswrittenforlandscapescholarsandprofessionals.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:2.Whataretheaspectsthathelpyoutoidentifythereadersineachtext?Whethertheauthorexplainstheverybasicdefinitionsandconcepts;whatwordsandphrasesareusedinthetexts,commonwordsorjargons;howthetextsareorganized,tostartfromdailyexperienceoracademicdiscussions;whethertherearecitationsornot.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:3.Fromwhatkindofsourceswouldyouexpecttofindthesetexts?TextA:/wiki/LandscapeTextB:/article/landscape-influences-huma/TextC:ThwaitesK.ExperientialLandscapePlace:Anexplorationofspaceandexperienceinneighbourhoodlandscapearchitecture.Landscaperesearch,2001,26(3),245–255.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:4.Doesthedefinitionof“l(fā)andscape”appearinallofthetexts?Whyorwhynot?Itonlyappearsinthefirsttextbecauseitiswrittenforordinaryreaders.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:5.Ifyouarewritinganacademicpaperonlandscapeandneedtorefertomaterialsfromthetextsabove,whichtext(s)mightbethemostappropriatetochoose?Thethirdtext,foritisanacademicpaper.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Evenwhenreadingveryshortpiecesofwritings,thereaderexpectstofollowawell-structuredformatratherthanamessyone.Toseethingsinorderdelightshumanbeings,nomatterintheirworkingshedsorupontheirwritingpads.Thelogicofapaperiscloselyrelatedtoitspurposeandreaders:theknowledgeofwhomwearewritingforandwhateffectweaimtoachievehelpsustoorganizeourthoughts.Topresentthesethoughtsdependsonboththeinnatecoherenceandvisiblelogicalconnectors.Logic點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task5Hereisatextontheimportanceoforganizationtoacademicwriting.However,thesentenceorderisinamess.Pleaserearrangethesesentencesandconstructalogicalparagraph.Correctorder:1—10—6—2—5—4—7—3—9—8點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本1.

Academicpapersare,inessence,anadvancedversionofargumentationwritings.10.Theauthorhasapointorahypothesis,andhetriesbyallmeanstoproveit.6.Toputitanotherway,thetaskofwritingistoselectanduseallkindsofevidencetosupportanopinion.2.Thetaskitselfinherentlyrequirescoherenceandcohesionofthepassage,i.e.itshouldbepresentedlogicallywithaneatstructure.5.Thisrequirementisacknowledgeduniversally.4.

FromRomanAcademiatouniversitiesfoundedintheMiddleAges,logichasalwaysbeencrucialintheteachingofargumentationwriting.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本7.WhileinancientChina,generationsofscholarsweretrainedtowritepapersfollowingtheroutinebelow:introduction;elucidationonthetopic;deepeningtheargumentbyusingevidencefromtheotherside;andsummarizing.3.Today,thecriteriaremainunchanged.9.Argumentationwritingaimsatconvincing.8.Awellstructured,highlylogicalpassageisobviouslymuchmoreconvincingthanabunchofusefulinformationrandomlyheapedtogether,nomatterhowwellthephraseologyofthelatterisadopted.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task6Twoauthorsdecidedtowriteaboutmigrationissues.Readthetwotextsbelowandanswerthefollowingquestions.點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:1.WhatisthetopicsentenceinPara.1?

Thefirstsentence.TextA點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:2.HowmanyclassicmigrationtheoriesareintroducedinPara.1andinwhatwayaretheyarranged?

Three.Theyarearrangedparallelly.TextA點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:3.WhatisthemainideaofPara.2?

Therearecurrentlynosatisfyingresearchesonthecomplexanddynamicmigrationtrendsduringthepandemicandtheunderlyingfactorsmotivatingpeople’smigrationbehaviors.TextA點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingSentenceinPara.2?

Tolocatetheresearchgap.TextA點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:5.WhatistheroleofSentenceinPara.2?Tosummarize.TextA點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:6.IsthereatopicsentenceinPara.1?No.Wecannotfindatopicsentence.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:7.WhatisthelogicalfallacyimpliedinSentence3?

Thedeteriorationofenvironmentisnotcausedbythemigrationofworkersfromruralareastothecity.Itisafallaciouscause-effectrelation.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:8.WhatisthelogicalfallacyimpliedinSentence4?Unemploymentwillnotnecessarilyleadtocrimes.Itisafallaciouscause-effectrelation.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:9.WhatlogicalproblemscanyoufindinPara.2?Thementionofeducationisirrelevanttothethemeofthepassage.Alotofstatementsaremadewithoutsupportingevidence.Theauthorstandsprominentlyasacity-dweller,showinggreatbiastowardspeoplefromruralareaswithoutanyconvincingjustificationofdoingso,thusproducingaparagraphfullofmeaninglessprejudice.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:10.ArethereanyusefulsolutionstotheproblemprovidedinPara.3?

No.Theauthorsaysverysimply“weneedabalancebetweenagricultureandfactories”butdoesnotgivemoresupportivedetails.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:11.Whohadaddressedtheissuesinamoreorganized,coherentandconvincingway,theauthorofTextAorofTextB?ObviouslytheauthorofTextA.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Questions:12.Discusswithyourpartnerandexchangeyourideasonthereasonswhyapassagecanbepoorlyorganized.Thisisanopenquestion,butanswersmightbeinthefollowing:notopicsentencesineachparagraph;sentencesarenotconnectedwitheachother;evidenceisirrelevanttothetopic;statementsaremadewithoutjustification;etc.TextB點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task7Usuallyargumentationsservethreespeciffcfunctions:(1)toansweraquestion;(2)todiscussanissue;(3)tosolveaproblem.Thesethreefunctionsintertwineinwritinganacademicpaper,forsometimesyouhavetoexplain,whileinothertimesyouhavetoanalyzeandgivesolutions.ReadthefollowingtextwithProblem-Solutionpatternandanswerthequestionsthatfollow.1)AccordingtotheWorldBank,therearetwobillionpeople,orabouthalfoftheglobaladultpopulation,and200millionmicro,smallandmediumenterprises(MSMEs)thatdonothaveaccesstoformalfinancialproductsandservices.2)Thissituationgivesrisetooneofthegreatestparadoxesintoday’sworld:Thepeoplewiththemostlimitedresourcesaretheonespayingthehighestfeesforfinancialproductsandservices.3)Toaddressthisissue,variousinitiativeshavebeenimplemented,suchasexpandingmobilebankingservicesanddevelopingmicrofinanceinstitutionstailoredtotheneedsoftheunbankedpopulation.Readtheproblem-solutionpassageanddiscusswithyourpartnerthequestionsthatfollow.4)Thesesolutionsaimtoprovideaffordableandaccessiblefinancialproducts,enablingindividualsandMSMEstoparticipateintheformalfinancialsystem.5)Evaluationsoftheseinitiativeshaveshownpromisingresults.6)Forinstance,studieshavedemonstratedthatincreasedaccesstofinancialserviceshasledtoimprovedfinancialstabilityforhouseholds,allowingthemtobettermanageunexpectedexpensesandinvestinopportunitiesforgrowth.7)Additionally,ithascontributedtojobcreationandeconomicgrowthinlocalcommunities,highlightingthepositiveimpactofffnancialinclusiononbothindividualandsocietallevels.Questions1.Groupthesentencesintofoursectionsaccordingtothestandarddivisionofaproblem-solutiontext.Statethemainideaineachsection.SectionsSentencesMainideaSituation?

Asignificantportionoftheglobalpopulationandbusinesseslackaccesstoformalfinancialservices,creatingaparadoxwherethosewithlimitedresourcespaythehighestfeesforfinancialproducts.Problem??

Thelackofaccesstoaffordablefinancialproductspreventstheunbankedfromimprovingtheirsocialandeconomicstatus,despiteevidenceshowingthatfinancialinclusioncansignificantlyhelpinpovertyreductionandeconomicdevelopment.Solution?Astudywasconductedusingasemi-structuredquestionnairetocollectprimarydatafromloanofficersacrossvariousfinancialinstitutionsinHaryana.Evaluation???

Thestudyutilizedfactoranalysisandregressiontechniquestovalidatehypotheseslinkingvariousdemographiccharacteristicsofloanofficerstoperceivedproblems.QuestionsThisgeneralizationseemstobeanundeniablefact,butwithoutevidence,itstaysunconvincing.2.Istheopeningsentenceastatementoffactoropinion?Doesitneedevidenceorreferencetobeconvincing?QuestionsAlthough“problem”isgiveninonesentence,theprevioussentencesin“situation”movesmoothlyfromgeneraltospecific,elicitingtheproblemnaturally.Besides,referencestootherpublishedpapersareindicatedbythesuperscriptednumbersattheendofsomeofthesentences.Iftheproblemcouldbeextendedtoprovidemoreinformationonwhytheresearchgapisworthexploring,itwouldbemoreconvincing.3.Are“problem”and“solution”sectionsinthepassageconvincinglystated?Whyorwhynot?QuestionsSomeevaluativelanguageincludes:promisingresults，improvedfinancialstability，bettermanageunexpectedexpenses，contributedtojobcreationandeconomicgrowth，thepositiveimpact.4.Inthefinal“evaluation”section,whatevaluativelanguagecanbefound?Questions5.Usethefollowingexpressionstakenfromthispassagetowriteyourownsentences.Accordingto…Thissituationgivesriseto…Toaddressthisissue,variousinitiativeshavebeenimplemented,suchas…Thesesolutionsaimto…Evaluationsoftheseinitiativeshaveshownpromisingresults.Ithasledto...allowingthemto…Ithascontributedto…點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task8Readthepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.Youmayhaveadiscussionwithapartner.1)Humanityisfacingthechallengeoffeedinganincreasingpopulationwithoutcausingmoreenvironmentaldamage.2)Weneedtospeedupactionbecausetheconsequencesofhabitatlossandclimatechangearealreadythreateningbothbiodiversityandfoodsecurity.3)Societyandpolicymakersarethereforeincreasinglyinterestedintransitioningtowardmoresustainablefoodsystems.4)Despiteconsiderabledebate,mostscientistsagreethattheagriculturalfootprintonbiodiversity,soil,water,andairneedstobereduced,whereasproductionefficiencyneedstobeimproved.5)Thisimplieshaltingtheconversionof(semi)naturalhabitattoagriculture,diminishingagriculturaldependencyonexternaloutputs,andreducingfoodlossandwastewhileaccountingforaspectsrelatedtouniversalaccesstohealthydiets.6)Newstrategicagendasarebeingdeployedtomainstreambiodiversitymanagementacrosssectors,specificallyinagriculture.7)Promotingbiodiversityasakeyelementinagriculturenotonlyhasconservationpurposesbutalsoisessentialtoguaranteenature’scontributionstopeoplethroughtheprovisionofecosystemservicessuchaspollination,soilfertility,andpestcontrol.

8)However,despitethegrowingevidencehighlightingthebenefitsofintegratingbiodiversitymanagementintofarmingpracticesandinternationalpolicyeffortstopromotethis,theuptakeofscience-basedbiodiversity-friendlyfarmingisslowatbest.9)Thismayatleastpartiallybecausedbythemainresearchfocusandoutreachstrategiesofthescientificcommunitynotalwaysbeingalignedwithfarmers’perceptionsandneeds,precludinganeffectiveandengagingcommunication.QuestionsThechallengeoffeedinganincreasingpopulationwithoutcausingmoreenvironmentaldamage(sentence?)leadstotheconsequencesofhabitatlossandclimatechange(sentence?),whichthreatenbiodiversityandfoodsecurity.1.HowdoesthechallengementionedinSentence1

relatetotheconsequenceshighlightedinSentence2?QuestionsThetransitiontowardsmoresustainablefoodsystems(sentence?)isdrivenbytheneedtomitigatethenegativeconsequencesofhabitatlossandclimatechange(sentence?).2.BasedontheconsequencesdescribedinSentence2,whyisthereincreasinginterestintransitioningtowardsmoresustainablefoodsystemsasstatedinSentence3?QuestionsSentence?suggestsspecificactionssuchashaltingtheconversionofnaturalhabitatstoagriculture,reducingdependencyonexternalinputs,andminimizingfoodlossandwaste.Theseactionsalignwiththescientificconsensus(sentence?)thatagriculturalimpactsontheenvironmentmustbereducedwhileimprovingproductionefficiency.3.WhatspecificactionsdoesSentence5suggestshouldbetakeninlightofthescientificconsensusmentionedinSentence4?QuestionsPromotingbiodiversityinagriculture(sentence?)addressesthechallengesmentionedinsentence?byensuringtheprovisionofecosystemserviceslikepollination,soilfertility,andpestcontrol.4.Howdoespromotingbiodiversityinagriculture,asdescribedinSentence7

,addressthechallengesmentionedinSentence6

?QuestionsDespitetherecognizedbenefitsofbiodiversityinagriculture(sentence?),theadoptionofbiodiversity-friendlyfarmingpracticesremainsslow(sentence?)duetovariousfactorssuchaslackofalignmentbetweenresearchfocusandfarmerneeds,andinsufficientengagementandcommunication.5.DespitethebenefitsoutlinedinSentence7

,whyistheadoptionofbiodiversity-friendlyfarmingpracticesslowaccordingtoSentence8?QuestionsOnereasonfortheslowuptakeofscience-basedbiodiversity-friendlyfarmingpractices(sentence?)isthattheresearchfocusandoutreachstrategiesofthescientificcommunitydonotalwaysalignwithfarmers'perceptionsandneeds(sentence?).6.Whatmightbeonereason,assuggestedinSentence9,fortheslowuptakeofscience-basedbiodiversity-friendlyfarmingpracticesmentionedinSentence8?點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Task9Logicalconnectorsareimportantsignalsindicatingthelogicofapassage.Readthetwochoicesoflogicalconnectorsandselectabetteronethatfitsineachsentence.Pleasereadthefollowingclassificationoflinkingwordsandphrasesandfillintheblankswithanappropriateone.AdditionfurthermoreinadditionmoreoverinadditiontoAdversativityalthougheventhoughdespitehoweverneverthelessinspiteofCauseandeffectbecausesincethereforeasaresultconsequentlyhencethusduetoasaresultofClarificationinotherwordsthatisi.e.ContrastwhilewhereasincontrasthoweverontheotherhandconverselyunlikeIllustrationforexampleforinstanceIntensificationonthecontraryasamatteroffactinfact點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Theresultsoftheinitialexperimentwerepromising,_________(however/furthermore),additionalresearchisneededtoconfirmthelong-termeffectivenessoftheproposedmethod.

howeverSentence1點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本CVIwassignificantlyhigheratforestedges_________(however/while)CSIpeakedatthefurthestpointfromforestedge.whileSentence2點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Thestudyidentifiedasignificantrelationshipbetweenurbangreenspacesandmentalwellbeing,_________(thus/hence)emphasizingtheimportanceofincorporatingnatureintourbanplanning.

thusSentence3點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Thesemeasureshavenotbeenimplemented_________(dueto/because)potentiallyevengreatercompressioncanbeachievedtoaddressthecurrentproblembyresortingtoahighresolutionstablescanner.

becauseSentence4點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Theintensityofthepeakswashigherforthesamples,showingthatthesesamplesaremorecrystallinethanMCC._________(Ontheotherhand/Incontrast),thereisadecreaseofdiffractionintensitiesinthesamplingregiontomakeapropercomparison.

IncontrastSentence5點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本_________(Dislike/Unlike)whatisshowninFigure5,__________(although/while)micro-organismsefficientlycompeteforNwithplants,thecompetitionisalleviatedthroughchemicalpartitioningmainlyindeepersoillayer.

Unlike;althoughSentence6點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本_________(Inotherwords/Inotherword),thiswouldfurtherpromoteA.frigidatobemoredominantintheN-limitedgrasslandecosystem.InotherwordsSentence7點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本_________(Despite/Although)thismomentum,majordataandmethodsgapsexistforhowtomeasure,monitorandassessESinheterogeneousforests.DespiteSentence8點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本Interestingly,wefoundadiscrepancybetweenouranalysisandthepreviousone;_________(forexample/thatis),thegroupingofAT5G22990withtheotherthreemembers.thatisSentence9點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本點(diǎn)擊添加文本_________(Tosumup/Infact),thesewerealreadytakenintoaccountinthewoodybiomasssection,astheywerecountedasforestsmaterialinthefigu