備戰(zhàn)2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專練（新高考）18

閱讀理解之主旨大意題

【考試方向】主旨大意題是高考閱讀理解的主要題型之一，旨在考查考生對(duì)文章大意或者文章中心思

想的把握和歸納能力。

?主旨大意題的分類

1.從考查對(duì)象上劃分，主旨大意題可分為兩種

①篇章主旨：針對(duì)全文的主題進(jìn)行提問。主題句出現(xiàn)在首段的居多，其次是末段。

②段落主旨：針對(duì)某一段或幾段的主題提問。主題句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要從上下文中尋

找或總結(jié)。

2.考查內(nèi)容上劃分，主旨大意題可分為三種

①主題類（內(nèi)容），考查文章或段落的主旨大意；

②目的類，考查文章或段落的寫作目的；

③標(biāo)題類，要求考生選出文章的最佳標(biāo)題。

?設(shè)問特點(diǎn)

I.考查全文主旨或段落大意。

2.正確選項(xiàng)概況范圍大小恰當(dāng)，主旨判斷準(zhǔn)確。

3.錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)常常是太大、太窄或者偏離主題，主觀噫斷。

4.常以mainidea,bestidea,subject,mainlydiscuss等詞提問。

??？紗栴}

1.中心思想類

Themainpoint/ideaofthepassageis...

Thepassageismainlyabout...

Thepassagemainlydiscusses...

Thelastbutoneparagraphischieflyconcernedwith...?

Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

2.標(biāo)題類

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

Thebesttitlefbrthepassagewou.dbe...

3.目的類

Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto...

Thepassageismeantto

Inwritingthispassage,theauthormainlyintendsto...

【答題技巧】

文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：

1.中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首

開門見山，提出主:題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主:題思想。這是英語中最常見

的演繹法寫作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。

新聞報(bào)道通常就采用這種寫法。新聞報(bào)道的首句通常稱為“新聞導(dǎo)語”，“導(dǎo)語”實(shí)際上就是主題句，是對(duì)

全文內(nèi)容的高度概括。大意題、標(biāo)題一般可在第一句話找到答題依據(jù)。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020?天津卷.第.次）Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecided（haitwoqualities

makethedifferencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.I

haveneverknownanoutstandingiranwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.

Thetwobelongtogether.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（驅(qū)策力）countformuchmorethatambition.Galileowasnotmerely

ambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisaandtimed（heirfalltothe

ground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,t4Why?Why?Why?^^

Fortunately,curiosityanddisccntentdon'thavetobelearned.Wearebomwiththemandneedonlyrecapture

them.

“Thegreatman,^^saidMencius（孟了）“ishewhodoesnotlosehischild'sheart."Yetmostofusdoloseit.

Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.Andthecrowddesiresrestful

average.Itencouragesustooccupyourownlittlecomer,toavoidfoolishleapsintothedark,tobesatisfied.

Mostofusmeetnewpeople,andnewideas,withhesitation.Butoncehavingmetandlikedthem,wethink

howterribleilwouldhavebeen,hadwemissedthechance.Wewillprobablyhavetoforceourselvestowakenour

curiosityanddiscontentandkeepthemawake.

Howshouldyoustart?Modestly,soasnottobccdiscouraged.Ithinkofonefriendwhocouldn,tarrange

flowerstosatisfyherself.Shewascuriousabouthowtheexpertsdidit.Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writing

booksonflowerarrangement.

Onewaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;thereare

onlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?That'sgood,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthings

done.HarrietStowe,motherofsix,wrotepartsofUncleTomsCabinwhilecooking.You'retooold?Remember

thatThomasCostainwas57whenhepublishedhisfirstnovel,andthatGrandmaMosesshowedherfirstpictures

whenshewas78.

Howeveryoustart,rememberthereisnobettertimetostartthanrightnow,foryou'llneverbeir.orealivethan

youareat(hismoment.

l.InwritingParagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.proposeadefinition

B.niakeaparison

C.reachaconclusion

D.presentanargument

2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus?

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scieniiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

0.Greatnessesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

3.Whatcanyoudotorecapturecuriosityanddiscontent?

A.Observetheunknownaroundyou.

B.Developaquestioningmind.

C.Leadalifeofadventure.

D.Followthefashion.

4.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraphs6and7?

A.Gainingsuccesshelpsyoubeeanexpert.

B.Thegeniustendstogetthingsdonecreatively.

C.Lackoftalentandtimeisnoreasonfortakingnoaction.

D.Youshouldremainmodestwhenapproachingperfection.

5.Whatcouldbethebesttileorthepassage?

A.CuriousMindsNeverFeelContented

B.ReflectionsonHumanNature

C.ThcKeystoAchievement

D.NeverTooLatetoLearn

【答案】LD2.D3.B4.C5.C

【分析】

本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素一好奇心和不滿足。

1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobseninghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe

differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.And1haveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.The

twobelongtogether.nJ）U,作者經(jīng)過多年對(duì)人性的觀察，認(rèn)為成就非凡的人和平庸的人的區(qū)別在于好奇心和

不滿足，而且兩者是相輔相成的。由此推知，作者寫第一段的目的是提出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。故選D。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”可知，像伽利略一樣，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？

為什么？”由此推知，伽利略的例子告訴我們，偉大來自于持久的探索欲望。故選D。

3.絹節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesiahistorywerecuriousandaskedindiscontent,

“Why?Why?Why?”及第四段中的“Thegreatman/,saidMencius（孟子），"ishewhodoesnotlosehischild's

heart."Yetmostofusdoloseit.Westopaskingquestions.Westopchallengingcustom.Wejustfollowthecrowd.

可知，歷史上所有的偉人都感到好奇，并不滿地問：“為什么？為什么？為什么？”孟子認(rèn)為“不失去孩子的

心，就是偉大的人。”然而，我們大多數(shù)人確實(shí)失去了它。我們不再問問題。我們不再挑戰(zhàn)習(xí)俗。我們只是

隨大流。由此可知，你可以通過培養(yǎng)了一個(gè)善于提問的頭腦，來重新獲得好奇心和不滿。故選B。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的Howsheisoneoftheexperts,writingbooksonflowerarrangemeni.及第七段中

的Youhaven'tanyspecialability?Mostpeopledon't;therearconlyafewgeniuses.Youhaven'tanytime?That's

good,becauseit'salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone.以及列舉了ThomasCostain在57歲時(shí)出

版了他的第一部小說，GrandmaMoses在78歲時(shí)展示了她的第一批照片。由此可知，這兩段想告訴我們“缺

乏天賦和時(shí)間不是不采取行動(dòng)的理由故選C。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一*段內(nèi)容Afteryearsofobservinghumannature,Ihavedecidedthattwoqualitiesmakethe

differencebetweenmenofgreatachievementandmenofaverageperformancecuriosityanddiscontent.Ihave

neverknownanoutstandingmanwholackedeither.AndIhaveneverknownanaveragemanwhohadboth.The

twobelongtogether.及下文論述可知，本文主要論述了獲得成就的兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素——好奇心和不滿足。由此

可知，C項(xiàng)TheKeystoAchievement（成就的關(guān)鍵）適合做本文最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

2.主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾

在細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式,

即細(xì)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。

［真題再現(xiàn)】ThefamousAmericangorilla（大猩猩）expertDianeFosseyhadapletelynewwaytostudy

gorillas—shepretendedtobeoneofthem.Shecopied（heiractionsandwayoflife—eatingplantsandgetting

dov/nonherhandsandkneestowalkthewayagorilladoes.Itwasanewrelationship.

DianeFosseywasmurderedinRwandain1985andherstorywasmadeintothepopularfilmGorillasinthe

Mist.ItwasalongwayfromKingKong,whichisaboutagorillaasamonster（afrighteninganimal）,andhelpedto

showanewidea:therealmonsterisman,whilethegorillaistobeadmired.

Todaytherearethoughttobearound48,000lowlandgorillasandmaybe400—450mountaingorillasinthe

wild.FromtheCongoinWestAfrica,toRwandaandUgandafurthercast,theyarcendangeredbyhuntingandby

（hecuttingdownoftheirforesthomes.

Somelimeago,IfoundinmyletterboxalittlemagazinefromtheWorldWideFundforNature.IthadIwo

photossidebyside.Onewasofayounggorilla.<4Thisisaspeciesofmammal（哺乳類動(dòng)物）,“saidthewordsbelow

it.Ttisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wemustsaveitforourowngood."Theotherphotoshowedahumanbaby.The

wordsalsoread、”Thisisaspeciesofmammal,“butthenwenton:“11isthemostdestructive（破壞寸生的）onearth.

Wcmustretrainitforitsowngood?

56.Thetextmainlytalksabout.

A.DianeFosseyB.thegorillasinRwanda

C.theprotectionofthegorillasD.thefilmGorillasintheMist

【答案】C

【解析】文章第一段談到DianeFossey對(duì)大猩猩的研究；第二段談到根據(jù)她的事跡所拍攝的影片；第三段

談到了大猩猩數(shù)量減少的原因；最后一段談到保護(hù)大猩猩的宣傳的措施。前面三段都是為最后一段做鋪墊

的，從最后一段的“Itisbeingdestroyedbyman.Wcmustsaveitforourowngood.”可知，最主要的目的還是要

人們保護(hù)大猩猩。

3.首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法

為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，

前后表述主題的句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)，后面的往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。

例如：Lacrosse（曲棍球）isaDopularsportinCanada.TheIndiansinCanadainventedit.Theyusedittotrain

forwar.TheyinventedthisgamebeforeColumbusarrivedintheNewWorld.

Peopleplaylacrosseoutdoors.Thelacrossefieldissevenmeterslong.Ateachendofthefieldthereisagoal.

Thegoalisanet.Therearetenplayersoneachteam.Eachplayerhasastickcalled“cross”.Theplayerhitaball

intothenetasmanytimesaspossible.Lacrosseisaveryfastgamebecause（heplayerscancatchandpasstheball

atahighspeedwiththeirslicks.Playersoftengetgreatfunitplayinglacrosse.

TherearemanylacrosseclubsandlacrosseteamsalloverCanada.EverynightCanadianscanwatchthe

lacrossegamesonTVorlistentothelacrossegamesovertheradio.

AtonetimelacrossewasthenationalsummersportinCanada.TodayitisstillpopularwithCanadians.

1.Thepassageismainlyabout.

A.HowtoPlayLacrosse

D.LacrosseinCanada

C.TheHistoryofLacrosse

D.Lacrosse—APopularGameinCanada

【答案】D

【解析】作者先后兩次提到“長(zhǎng)曲棍球在加拿大很受歡迎”，顯然選項(xiàng)D最符合短文的主題。

4.中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句

閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。

分析的方法是，先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納

形成主題。該類型的試題則迎刃而解。

【真題再現(xiàn)】（2020?全國(guó)卷II）Someparentswillbuyanyhightechtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmathrelatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrentheUniversityof

Chicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplay

wasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition（認(rèn)知）aftercontrollingfbrdifferencesinparents'ine,education

andtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53childparcntpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeand

foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat

54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,ontasksthatassessedtheir

abilitytorotate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）andtranslateshapes,“Levinesaidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,andabouthalfofchildreninthe

studyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higherineparentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,

andbothboysandgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystendedloplaywithmore

plexpuzzles（hangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmorespatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzle

play（hanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

6.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.BuildingB.DevelopingB.Developingspatialskills.

C.LearningD.Gainingtrol.D.Gaininghightechknowledge.

7.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.ParentsB.ChildrenB.Idren^imagination.

C.ParentsD.ChildparentD.hildparentrelationship.

8.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Thcyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

9.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.AB.Athematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AD.AmanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】6.B7.C8.D9.B

【分析】

本文是說明文。是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4developbetterspatial

skill（在2歲到4歲之間玩智力游戲的兒童在空間能力方面更好）可知，孩子們可以從智力游戲中發(fā)展更好的

空間技能。B.Developingspatialskills（發(fā)展空間能力）符合以上說法,故選B項(xiàng)。

7.組節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Puzzleplaywasfound（obeasignificantpredictorofcognitionaftercontrollingfor

differenceinparents'ine,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.（Levine說，在父母的收入、教育

和父母談話次數(shù)方面控制差異性之后，拼圖游戲被發(fā)現(xiàn)是一個(gè)重要的認(rèn)知預(yù)測(cè)）可知Levine在設(shè)計(jì)這個(gè)試驗(yàn)

時(shí)考慮了父母的收入、教育程度和父母談話的次數(shù)。C.Parents，education4父母的教育）符合以上說法，故選

C項(xiàng)。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmoreplexpuzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女

孩更喜歡玩復(fù)雜的謎題,即他們可能會(huì)玩難度更大的謎題。D.Theyarclikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.（他

們有可能玩更復(fù)雜的謎題）符合以上說法，故選D項(xiàng)。

9.主旨大意題。本文是關(guān)于孩子們玩智力游戲的研究，介紹了研究考慮的因素，研究過程和結(jié)果。所以是關(guān)

于科學(xué)研究的。B.Ascientificstudy（一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究）符合以上說法，故選B項(xiàng)。

5.主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間

通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合孑邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步

的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。

［真題再現(xiàn)］（202（）年I月?浙江卷）Today'sworldisnotaneasyadjustmentforyoungadults.Keyskillsetfor

successispersistence（毅力），acharacteristicthatresearcherssayisheavilyinfluencedbyfathers.Researchers

fromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersareinauniquepositiontohelp（heiradolescentchildren

learnpersistence.

BYUprofessorsLauraPadillaWalkerandRandalDayarrivedatthesefindingsafterfollowing325American

farr.iliesoverseveralyears.Andovertime,thepersistencegainedthroughfathersled（ohigherachievementin

school.

"Therearerelativelyfewstudiesthatstresstheuniqueroleoffathers,"PadillaWalkersaid."Thisresearchalso

helpstoprovethatcharacteristicssuchaspersistencewhichcanbetaughtarekeytoachild'slifesuccess/'

Researchersdeterminedthatdadsneedtopracticean"authoritative"parentingstyle.Authoritativeparentingis

notauthoritarian:rigid,demandingorcontrolling.Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthe

followingcharacteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather：responsibilityandthereasonsbehind

rulesarestressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy（自主權(quán)）.

Inthestudy,about52percentofthedadsexhibitedaboveaveragelevelsofauthoritativeparenting.Akey

findingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefatherweresignificantlymorelikelytodevelop

persistence,whichleadstobetteroutesinschool.

Thisparticularstudyexamined11to14yearoldslivingintwoparenthomes.Yettheresearcherssuggestthat

singleparentsstillmayplayaroleinteachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.

10.WhatisspecialabouttheBYUprofessors*study?

A.Itcenteredonfathers'roleinparenting.

B.Itwasbasedonanumberoflargefamilies.

C.Itanalyzeddifferentkindsofparentingstyles.

D.Itaimedtoimprovekids'achievementinschool.

11.Whatwouldanauthoritativefatherdowhenraisinghischildren?

A.IgnorcB.Makedemands.B.Makcdecisionsforthem.

C.ControlD.Explainhaviors.D.Explaintherulestothem.

12.Whichgroupcanbeafocusoffuturestudiesaccordingtotheresearchers?

A.Singleparents.

D.Childrenagedfrom11to14.

C.Authoritarianfathers.

D.Molhersintwoparenlhomes.

13.Whichof（hefollowingisthebesttitleforChetext?

A.ThreeCharacteristicsofAuthoritativeFathers.

B.KeySkillsforYoungAdultstoSucceedinFuture.

C.ChildrcnTendtoLearnDeterminationfromFather.

D.FamilyRelationshipInfluencesSchoolPerformance.

【答案】10.A1I.D12.A13.C

【分析】

這是一篇說明文。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，父親在幫助青春期的孩子學(xué)習(xí)毅力方面具有獨(dú)特的地位。研究人員

認(rèn)為，父親們需要采用一種''權(quán)威”的養(yǎng)育方式，且一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，隨著時(shí)間的推移，由權(quán)威父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)

大的孩子更有可能培養(yǎng)出堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，從而在學(xué)校取得更好的成績(jī)。

10.沏節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句ResearchersfromBrighamYoungUniversitydiscoveredthatfathersarein

auniquepositiontohelptheiradolescentchildrenlearnpersistence.（楊百翰大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，父親在幫助

青春期的孩子學(xué)習(xí)毅力方面具有獨(dú)特的地位）可知楊百翰大學(xué)研究的特別之處在于，它關(guān)注的是父親在養(yǎng)

育子女中的角色。故選A。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Rather,anauthoritativeparentingstyleincludessomeofthefollowing

characteristics:childrenfeelwarmthandlovefromtheirfather；responsibilityandthereasonsbehindrulesare

stressedchildrenaregivenanappropriatelevelofautonomy.（相反，權(quán)威的養(yǎng)育方式包括以下一些特征:孩子們

感受到來自父親的溫暖和愛；強(qiáng)調(diào)責(zé)任和規(guī)則背后的原因：孩了?們被給予適當(dāng)?shù)淖灾鳈?quán)）可知一個(gè)有權(quán)威

的父親在撫養(yǎng)孩子時(shí)會(huì)向他們解糕規(guī)則。故選D。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句Yettheresearcherssuggestthatsingleparentsstillmayplayarolein

teachingthebenefitsofpersistence,whichisanavenueoffutureresearch.研究人員認(rèn)為，單親父母仍

然可能在教授堅(jiān)持不懈的好處方面發(fā)揮作用，這是未來研究的一個(gè)方向）可知根據(jù)研究人員的說法，單親

父母是未來研究的重點(diǎn)。故選A。

13.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中Akeyfindingisthatovertime,childrenraisedbyanauthoritativefather

weresignificantlymorelikelytodeveloppersistence,whichleadstobelteroutesinschool.（一項(xiàng)重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，

隨著時(shí)間的推移，由權(quán)威父親撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大的孩子更有可能培養(yǎng)出堅(jiān)持不懈的精神，從而在學(xué)校取得更好的成

績(jī)）和文章主要內(nèi)容為說明父親在養(yǎng)育子女中的角色，故選C選項(xiàng)“孩子們傾向于向父親學(xué)習(xí)決心”最符合

文章標(biāo)題。故選C。

【題型演練】

I

Asdigitaldevices（設(shè)備）havetakenoversociety,44kcyboardactivityisnowoftenremendedasasubstitute

forearlyhandwriting,"anewstudynotes.Theideaisthattypingmaybeeasierforyoungchildren.

“SomeschoolsinNorwayhavebccplctclydigital,"notesAudreyVanderMccr,thenewstudy'sleader,who

measuresbrainactivitytobetterunderstandlearningandbehaviors.SheworksattheNorwegianUniversityof

ScienceandTechnologyinTrondheim.Thehumanbrainhasdevelopedtointeractwiththeworldinasmanyways

aspossible,shenotes.Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldlearntowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,atthesame

timelearntomanageakeyboard.

Usingapeninvolvesmoreofihebrain（hanusingakeyboard,hernewfindingsshow.Thisisbecausewriting

andprintinginvolveplexmovementsthatactivatemoreareasofthebrain.Theincreasedbrainactivity,"givesthe

brainmore'hooks'tohangyourmemorieson,"sheexplains.

Thinkaboutit.Thesamemovementisrequiredtotypeeachletteronakeyboard.Byparison,whenwcwrite,

ourbrainneedstothinkaboutandrecovermemoriesoftheshapeofeachletter.Wcalsoneedtouseoureyesto

watchwhatshapeswe'rewriting.Andweneedtocontrolourhandstopressapenorpenciltoshapethedifferent

letters.Allofthisusesandconnectsmoreareasofthebrain.

Alongtheway,theseprocessesappearto“openthebrainupforlearning",saysVanderMeer.Solearning

throughonlyoneformat—digital—couldbeharmful,sheworries.

VanderMeeralsopointsoutthattakingnotesbyhandstimulates(激發(fā))"visualnotetaking'.Ratherthan

typingblindly,thevisualnotetakerhastothinkaboutwhatisimportant(owritedown.Then,keywordscanbe

"interlinkedbyboxes,andarrows,andsupplementedbysmalldrawings".

1.Whalis(hemainideaot(hetext?

A.Digitaldevicesarepopularwithstudents.

B.Handwritingbeatstypingintakingnotes.

C.Theprocessoftakingnoteschangesthinking.

D.Thenewstudymakescontributionstoscience.

2.WhatshouldyoungkidsdoaccordingtoVanderMeer?

A.municatewiththeworld.B.Relyonkeyboardactivity.

C.Learntowritebyhand.D.Masterbasicdrawingskills.

3.Howdoestheauthordraw(heconclusion?

A.Bystudyinghowthebraindevelops.B.Byobservingsocialphenomena.

C.Byassessingfunctionsofsenses.D.Byparingwaysoftakingnotes.

4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythetextappear?

A.Relationship.B.Fashion.

C.Culture.D.Science.

【答案】I.B2.C3.D4.D

【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了，數(shù)字化正在普及，然而一項(xiàng)研究表明，在記筆記時(shí)，手寫比（用

鍵盤）打字更有利于大腦發(fā)展，于學(xué)習(xí)有益，打字（數(shù)字化）對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)可能是有害的。

1.主旨大意題。第一段“引出電子設(shè)備，打字比手寫更容易”，第二三段講“手寫比打字對(duì)大腦發(fā)展更好”，

第四段講“手寫對(duì)大腦發(fā)展更好的原因”，第五段講“數(shù)字化（打字）對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)可能是有害的“，最后一段講“再

次申明手記筆記的好處“，可知文章主要講在記筆記上手寫勝過打字，更有益于大腦發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.沏節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的"Shebelievesthatyoungchildrenshouldleamtowritebyhandsuccessfully,and,at

thesametimeleamtomanageakeyboard."（她認(rèn)為，幼兒應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)成功地用手寫字，同時(shí)還要學(xué)會(huì)管理鍵

盤。），可知AudreyVanderMeer認(rèn)為幼兒應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)成功地用手寫字。故選C項(xiàng)。

3.推理判斷題。第一段“引出電子設(shè)備，打字比于寫更容易“，第二三段講“于寫比打字對(duì)大腦發(fā)展更好”，

第四段講“手寫對(duì)大腦發(fā)展更好的原因”，第五段講“數(shù)字化（打字）對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)可能是有害的“，最后一段講“再

次申明手記筆記的好處“，可知文章主要是通過比較記筆記的方式，即手寫（記筆記）和打字（記筆記）對(duì)

大腦的哪個(gè)更好得出了結(jié)論——手寫比（用鍵盤）打字更有利于大腦發(fā)展，于學(xué)習(xí)有益，打字（數(shù)字化）

對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)可能是有害的。故選D項(xiàng)c

4.推理判斷題。由文章中心大意可知，文章通過比較記筆記的方式，即手寫（記筆記）和打字（記筆記）

對(duì)大腦的哪個(gè)更好得出了結(jié)論——手寫比（用鍵盤）打字更有利于大腦發(fā)展，于學(xué)習(xí)有益，打字（數(shù)字化）

對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)可能是有害的，文章可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”版面上。故選D項(xiàng)。

2

Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuchlovedanimalswillcontinuetodelightvisitorsforanotherthree

years,throughDecember7,2023.“We'reallveryexcited,“saysSteveMonfbrt,thedirectoroftheSmithsonian's

NationalZooandConservationBiologyInstitute."It'sverygoodthatwecancontinueourcooperationwithour

Chinesecolleagues.''

ThefemalegiantpandaMeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaat（heendof2023attherelatively

elderpandaagesof25and26respectively（分別地）.Theprobablelifetimeforgiantpandasisabout15to20

yearsinthewild,andabout30yearsincaptivity（圈養(yǎng)）.LikelytotravelwiththetwoisXiaoQiJi（Little

Miracle）,whowasbornonAugust21,2020.The15weckoldmalecubisthefourthofMeiXiang'sfoursurviving

cubs.

Bylongstandingagreement,cubsbornincaptivityatthezooarcsenttoChinabeforefour.WhenXiaoQiJi

wasborn,hismotherMeiXiangbecametheoldestgiantpandatogivebirthinNorthAmerica.

ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Normally,itwouldbeataboutthistime,alittleover100days,

thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehavewatchedtheZoo'sPandaCam

sincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTian

marked20yearsinWashington,D.C..

U.S.extensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalfcenturyofconservationand

cooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.4Mtshouldn'tbesurprisingtopeoplethatcooperationisthefoundationof

thewaythatonedocsthework.^^Monfbrtsays,“Inprotectingspecies,nooneorganizationandoftennotevenone

governmentcantheoreticallysaveaspecieswithoutpartnership.”

5.Whatistheagreementabout?

A.Twopandas'threemoreyearsintheUSA.

B.CooperationbetweentheZooandChina.

C.ThefirstpublicappearanceofXiaoQiJi.

D.Thewaytoreturnhomeforthreepandas.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutMeiXiang?

A.Shehasbeenabroadfor20years.B.ShehasbeensentbacktoChina.

C.ShewasbomintheNationalZoo.D.She'stheoldestpandatogivebirth.

7.What's（hepublic'saltitudetowards（henewlybornpanda?

A.Uncaring.B.Enthusiastic.

C.Cautious.D.Sympathetic

8.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MeiXiangHasGivenBirthtoXiaoQiJi

D.CooperationIsKeytoAnimalProtection

C.ExtensionAgreementonPandasIsReached

D.LifetimeforGiantPandasIsFiguredOut

【答案】5.A6.A7.B8.C

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了，中美之間達(dá)成大熊貓延期協(xié)議及其內(nèi)容和意義。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuchlovedanimalswi'lcontinueto

delightvisitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.”（通過今天簽署的一?項(xiàng)協(xié)議，這些備受喜愛

的動(dòng)物將在接下來的三年里繼續(xù)取悅游客，直至2023年12月70o）和第二段中的“Thefemalegiantpanda

MeiXiangandmaleTianTian,willreturntoChinaattheendof2023attherelativelyelderpandaagesof25and

26respectively（分別地）（雌性大熊貓“美香”和雄性“天天”將于2023年底返回中國(guó)，在它們年齡相對(duì)較

大的時(shí)候，分別為25歲和26歲。），可知協(xié)議是關(guān)于兩只大熊貓“美香”和“天天”繼續(xù)在美國(guó)再待三年。故選

A項(xiàng)。

6.D.C..O由倒數(shù)第二段中的"Justthisweek,hisparents,MeiXiangandTianTianmarked20yearsinWashington,

DC.”（就在本周，他的父母，大熊貓“美香”和“天天”在華盛頓度過了20年。），可知大熊貓“美香”在華盛頓

度過了20年，即她在國(guó)外20年了。故選A項(xiàng)。

7.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的"ThepublichasyettoseeXiaoQiJiinperson.Nonnally,itwouldbeatabout

thistime,alittleover100days,thatacubwouldbeabletobesharedwiththepublic.Over1.6millionpeoplehave

watchedtheZoo'sPandaCamsincetheAugustbirth,withatotalof8.8millionpageviews.”（公眾還沒有見到新

出生的大熊貓幼崽“小奇跡”。正常情況下，大約在這個(gè)時(shí)候，大約100多天，一只幼崽就能與公眾見面。自

8月份出生以來，超過160萬人觀看了動(dòng)物園的熊貓攝像頭，總瀏覽量達(dá)880萬次.）,可知在沒有見到“小

奇跡”的情況下，160萬人自其出生以來，蹲守動(dòng)物園的熊貓攝像頭，總瀏覽量達(dá)880萬次，說明公眾對(duì)這

只新生的熊貓很熱情。故選B項(xiàng)。

8.U.S.題。由第一段中的“Throughanagreementsignedtoday,themuchlovedanimalswillcontinuetodelight

visitorsforanotherthreeyears,throughDecember7,2023.”（通過今天簽署的一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，這些備受喜愛的動(dòng)物

將在接下來的三年里繼續(xù)取悅游客，直至2023年12月7日。），第三段中的“Bylongstandingagreement,cubs

bornincaptivityatthezooaresenttoChinabeforefbur."（根據(jù)長(zhǎng)期協(xié)議，動(dòng)物園圈養(yǎng)出生的幼崽在4歲之前

被送到中國(guó)o）和最后一段中的"TheextensionagreementmeansthattheNationalZooandChinawillreachahalf

centuryofconsenationandcooperationbetweentheU.S.andChina.^^（延長(zhǎng)協(xié)議意味著國(guó)家動(dòng)物園和中國(guó)將在

美中之間達(dá)成半個(gè)世紀(jì)的保護(hù)與合作。），可知文章主要講中美之間達(dá)成了大熊貓延期協(xié)議及其內(nèi)容和意義，

C項(xiàng)“大熊貓延期協(xié)議達(dá)成”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。

3

Inthe1966scienceflclionfilmTheFantasticWyage,ateamofscientistsanddoctorsareshrunkto

microscopicsizeinjectedinto（hebodyofaninjuredman（osavehislife.Thetinycrewtravelsthroughthebody's

dangerousenvironmenttolocateandrepairthedamagedpartoftheman'sbody.Eventually,（hegroupmanagesto

pletetheirtaskandthemanawakens,fullycured.

Suchanideasoundsextraordinarytomany,