高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1河南省鄭州市某學(xué)校2025-2026學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期10月月考英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABestPlacestoVisitinWinterRovaniemi,FinlandIfyouloveiceandsnow,thenyou’llloveexploringRovaniemi.Why?Simplybecauseit’soneofthetopwinterdestinationsinEurope.SittinginnorthernFinland,RovaniemiisthegatewaytoFinland’sfamousLapland—thehomeofSantaClaus,RovaniemiistheperfectplacetowatchtheimpressiveNorthernlights,goonahuskyride,orevenvisitanicehotel.St.Kitts&Nevis,CaribbeanIfyou’relookingtoescapetherain,snow,andgreyskies,thenSt.KittsandNevisisoneofthetopplacestogointhewinter.Thisdual-islandnationsitsbetweentheAtlanticOceanandtheCaribbeanSea.Ithasperfectweatherallyearround,withtemperaturesof25℃inwinter.Apartfromlyingonthebeaches,youcanalsoenjoytheCarnivalaroundChristmas,sailingandsnorkellingtours,andhistoricaltoursoftheislands.CapeTown,SouthAfricaCapeTownisoneofSouthAfrica’smostpicturesquedestinations,withloadsofexcitingthingstodo.Fromvisitingthe7thWonderofNature,TableMountain,tosurfingthewavesofthecity’samazingbeaches,there’ssomethingforeveryone.CapeTownisonlyashortdriveawayfromtheiconic(標(biāo)志性的)CapeWinelands,whereyoucanenjoyvineyardandwinerytourswithwinetastingandfoodpairings.Lanzarote,SpainWithinterestingrockformations,volcanoes,andamazingbluewaters,LanzaroteisatopchoiceformanytravellersrunningawayfromcoldEuropeanwinters.LanzaroteisthemosteasternoftheCanaryIslands.Expecttofindblackandredearth,whiteandgoldensandbeachesandrollingmountains.Theaverageweatherstaysaroundthe20℃mark,soyoucanworkonyourtanwithoutworryingtoomuchaboutsunburn.1.WhatcanyoudoinRovaniemi?A.WatchtheNorthernlights. B.CelebratetheCarnival.C.Tastedifferentwines. D.Enjoyawarmwinter.2.WhichcountryistheplacewithTableMountainlocatedin?A.Finland. B.Caribbean. C.SouthAfrica. D.Spain.3.Wherewillyougoifyouwanttoseeblackandredearth?A.Rovaniemi. B.St.Kitts&.Nevis. C.CapeTown. D.Lanzarote.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章推薦了幾處適合冬天旅行的地方?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“SittinginnorthernFinland,RovaniemiisthegatewaytoFinland’sfamousLapland—thehomeofSantaClaus,RovaniemiistheperfectplacetowatchtheimpressiveNorthernlights,goonahuskyride,orevenvisitanicehotel.(羅瓦涅米位于芬蘭北部，是通往芬蘭著名的拉普蘭的門戶，拉普蘭是圣誕老人的故鄉(xiāng)，羅瓦涅米是觀看令人印象深刻的北極光，乘坐哈士奇，甚至參觀冰酒店的理想場所。)”可知，在羅瓦涅米可以觀看北極光。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段CapeTown,SouthAfrica部分第二句“Fromvisitingthe7thWonderofNature,TableMountain,tosurfingthewavesofthecity’samazingbeaches,there’ssomethingforeveryone.(從參觀第七大自然奇觀桌山，到在城市迷人的海灘沖浪，每個(gè)人都有適合自己的東西。)”可知，桌山所在的地方是南非。故選C。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“LanzaroteisthemosteasternoftheCanaryIslands.Expecttofindblackandredearth,whiteandgoldensandbeachesandrollingmountains.(蘭薩羅特島位于加那利群島的最東端。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)黑色和紅色的土地，白色和金色的沙灘和起伏的山脈。)”可知，如果想看到黑土和紅土可以去蘭薩羅特島。故選D。BA19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.OmarBanos’approachtomusicissimple.Hejustwantstomakethemusichewouldlistentohimself.Mostofthetime,thatideashowsinhisfasthip-hopbeatsandjazzyelectricguitarsolos.Banos,whohasreleasedtwoself-producedalbums,hasbeenaspiringtomusic.Healwayswantedtoplaytheguitar,andpickeditupinhighschoolbeforeexpandinghistalenttothetrumpetandFrenchhorn.“I’mverycommittedtomyinstruments,”Banossaid.“Ifaninstrumentisrightinfrontofme,andnobodyhastimetoteachme,Ijustteachmyself.”Thesameistrueforhisdreamyproduction.At16,Banosgothishandsinhisfirstmusic-editingsoftware,andhehasdevelopedarangeoftechniques.BanosswitchesbetweenEnglishandSpanish,singingwithhispleasantandwarmlilt.“WhenI’mwriting,Ijustputmyselfinaplace,inacertaintimeperiodinmylife,”hesaid,“songsjustcomeoutverynaturally.”ThoughBanos’softsoundmightencouragedaydreaming,theindependentartistiskeepinghisfeetfirmlyonthegroundduringhisbreakthrough.“IfeelI’mwatchingmyselftakeoff,butmybrainisstillontheground,”hesaid.“Thisallhappenedsoquickly.Ididn’tevenhavetimetogetready!”Banosaddsthatdespitehissuccess,heisn’talwaysrecognizedasCuco.“IwillwearVans,andsometimespeoplewillgetconfused.TheywillaskwhetherI’msureI’mtheretoperform.IguessIdon’tlooklikeanartist,”hesaid.4.WhydidBanosmakemusicinthebeginning?A.Toentertainhimself. B.Tokillhisdulltime.C.Tomakehimselfwell-known. D.Toimprovehisskillinmusic.5.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Banos’highschoollife. B.Banos’learningmethods.C.Banos’achievementsinmusic. D.Banos’greatinterestinmusic.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeBanos?A.Honestandcareful. B.Efficientandfaithful.C.Creativeandlow-key. D.Devotedandwarm-hearted.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.Banoshasmadehimselftakeoff B.BanoswillcontinuedaydreamingC.Ageniuslearnedmusicinhighschool D.Afamoussingerkeepspursuinghisdream【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了19歲的獨(dú)立藝術(shù)家OmarBanos以自己制作的多樂器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一陣?yán)顺?，還介紹了他在音樂方面的興趣以及雖然Banos在音樂上取得了成功，但他依然腳踏實(shí)地，追逐自己的夢想?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“A19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.OmarBanos’approachtomusicissimple.Hejustwantstomakethemusichewouldlistentohimself.(19歲的獨(dú)立藝術(shù)家OmarBanos以自己制作的多樂器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一陣?yán)顺薄marBanos的音樂方法很簡單。他只想做自己能聽的音樂)”可推知，Banos創(chuàng)作音樂的初衷是為了制作他自己喜歡聽的音樂，即為了自娛自樂。故選A?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Banos,whohasreleasedtwoself-producedalbums,hasbeenaspiringtomusic.Healwayswantedtoplaytheguitar,andpickeditupinhighschoolbeforeexpandinghistalenttothetrumpetandFrenchhorn.“I’mverycommittedtomyinstruments,”Banossaid.“Ifaninstrumentisrightinfrontofme,andnobodyhastimetoteachme,Ijustteachmyself.”Thesameistrueforhisdreamyproduction.At16,Banosgothishandsinhisfirstmusic-editingsoftware,andhehasdevelopedarangeoftechniques.(Banos已經(jīng)發(fā)行了兩張自己制作的專輯，對音樂充滿了熱情。他一直想彈吉他，高中時(shí)開始學(xué)吉他，后來才開始學(xué)小號和法國圓號。Banos說：“我對我的樂器非常忠誠，如果樂器就在我面前，沒人有時(shí)間教我，我就自學(xué)。”他的夢幻作品也是如此。16歲時(shí)，Banos得到了他的第一個(gè)音樂編輯軟件，并開發(fā)了一系列技術(shù))”可知，第二段講述的是Banos在音樂方面有極大的興趣。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“A19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.OmarBanos’approachtomusicissimple.Hejustwantstomakethemusichewouldlistentohimself.(19歲的獨(dú)立藝術(shù)家OmarBanos以自己制作的多樂器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一陣?yán)顺?。OmarBanos的音樂方法很簡單。他只想做自己能聽的音樂)”以及第二段中“Ifaninstrumentisrightinfrontofme,andnobodyhastimetoteachme,Ijustteachmyself.(如果樂器就在我面前，沒人有時(shí)間教我，我就自學(xué))”可知Banos自學(xué)樂器和創(chuàng)作歌曲，說明他是個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的人。再結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中“ThoughBanos’softsoundmightencouragedaydreaming,theindependentartistiskeepinghisfeetfirmlyonthegroundduringhisbreakthrough.(盡管Banos柔和的聲音可能會(huì)讓人產(chǎn)生遐想，但這位獨(dú)立藝術(shù)家在取得突破的過程中始終腳踏實(shí)地)”可知，Banos在成名以后依然腳踏實(shí)地，可見他還是個(gè)低調(diào)的人。故選C。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“A19-year-oldindependentartist,OmarBanos,ismaking’wavesasCuco,aself-producedmulti-instrumentalistandsinger.(19歲的獨(dú)立藝術(shù)家OmarBanos以自己制作的多樂器演奏家和歌手Cuco的身份掀起了一陣?yán)顺?”結(jié)合文章還介紹了他在音樂方面的興趣以及雖然Banos在音樂上取得了成功，但他依然腳踏實(shí)地，追逐自己的夢想。故D選項(xiàng)“一位著名的歌手一直在追求他的夢想”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。COneofthetopsourcesofaddedsugarinchildren’sdietsinAmericaisintheirbreakfastcereal(麥片).AstudypublishedintheAmericanJournalofPreventiveMedicineshowsthatadvertisingdrivessalesofhigh-sugarcerealswhenit’saimeddirectlyatkidsunder12-butnotwhenittargetsadults.Inthestudy,researcherslookedatallcerealspurchasedby77,000U.S.householdsoveranine-yearperiod,between2008and2017.TheyalsolookedatNielsenratingsdata,whichcloselymonitoredalltheadsthatpeopleinahouseholdsaw-bothchildrenandadults.Whattheyfoundwasastrongrelationshipbetweenhowmuchadvertisingwastargetedtokidsandhowmuchsugarycerealthathouseholdswithchildrenbought.Bycontrast,therewasnolinktoincreasedpurchaseswhenadstargetedadults.Andtheseextensivedataalsoshowedthatbehaviorsthatwerelearnedinchildhoodcouldtrackintoadulthood,whichcouldleadtopoorhealthoutcomesoveralifetime.Thestudyisthefirsttodirectlycomparetheinfluenceoffoodadvertisingexposurebychildrenwiththatofadults.Thefindingsoffernovelevidenceofhowfoodmarketingturnschildrenintothe“ultimateweapon”ininfluencingfamilyspendingbecausetheyconsistentlyasktheirparentstopurchaseaconceptknownas“pesterpower”.ThefoodindustrylaunchedtheChildren’sFoodandBeverageAdvertisingInitiative,avoluntaryefforttopoliceitself.The21participatingfoodcompaniesmadeacommitmenttocutbackonmarketingunhealthyfoodstochildrenunder12—laterrevisedtounder13.Anewstudyconductedin2024showedthatchildren’sexposuretocerealadsonTVprogrammingaimedatkidshasdroppeddramatically.ButLindseySmithTaillie,afoodpolicyresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,saysthesevoluntaryeffortsaren’tmakingadifference.Advertisements,likekids’eyeballs,aremovingonline,makingitevenhardertoknowwhatmarketingchildrenarebeingexposedto,Taillienotes.8.Whatdidthestudyfindaboutchild-targetedfoodads?A.Theyhadnoconnectionwithadults’purchases.B.Theywerelesseffectivethanadult-targetedads.C.Theymightaffectchildren’shealthinthelongrun.D.Theycouldreducechildren’sinterestinsugaryfood.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“pesterpower”inparagraph3mean?A.Parents’unconditionallove. B.Children’suncontrolledspending.C.Parents’growingconsumption. D.Children’srepeatedpurchaserequests.10.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Anexpectationforfurtherstudy. B.Thefollow-upinfluenceofthestudy.C.Alimitationoftheresearchmethod. D.Thepotentialapplicationofthefindings.11.WhatisTallie’sattitudetowardthevoluntaryefforts?A.Favorable. B.Tolerant. C.Disapproving. D.Reserved.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了針對兒童的高糖麥片廣告對家庭購買行為的影響及其長期健康危害，并討論了相關(guān)政策效果與局限性。【8題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Whattheyfoundwasastrongrelationshipbetweenhowmuchadvertisingwastargetedtokidsandhowmuchsugarycerealthathouseholdswithchildrenbought.Bycontrast,therewasnolinktoincreasedpurchaseswhenadstargetedadults.Andtheseextensivedataalsoshowedthatbehaviorsthatwerelearnedinchildhoodcouldtrackintoadulthood,whichcouldleadtopoorhealthoutcomesoveralifetime.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，針對兒童的廣告投放量與有孩子的家庭購買的高糖麥片的數(shù)量之間存在著緊密的聯(lián)系。相比之下，當(dāng)廣告以成年人為目標(biāo)群體時(shí)，廣告投放量與家庭購買量的增加沒有關(guān)聯(lián)。而且這些廣泛的數(shù)據(jù)還表明，童年時(shí)期養(yǎng)成的行為習(xí)慣會(huì)延續(xù)到成年，這可能會(huì)在一生中導(dǎo)致不良的健康后果)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)針對兒童的食品廣告可能會(huì)影響兒童的長期健康。故選C?！?題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語所在句“Thefindingsoffernovelevidenceofhowfoodmarketingturnschildrenintothe“ultimateweapon”ininfluencingfamilyspendingbecausetheyconsistentlyasktheirparentstopurchaseaconceptknownas“pesterpower”.(這些研究結(jié)果為食品營銷如何將兒童變成影響家庭消費(fèi)的“終極武器”提供了新的證據(jù)，因?yàn)楹⒆觽儠?huì)不斷要求父母購買，這就是所謂的pesterpower)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)食品營銷如何將兒童變成影響家庭消費(fèi)的“終極武器”，因?yàn)楹⒆觽儾粩嗟匾蟾改纲徺I，即畫線短語“pesterpower”指的是孩子們反復(fù)的購買請求。故選D?！?0題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“ThefoodindustrylaunchedtheChildren’sFoodandBeverageAdvertisingInitiative,avoluntaryefforttopoliceitself.The21participatingfoodcompaniesmadeacommitmenttocutbackonmarketingunhealthyfoodstochildrenunder12—laterrevisedtounder13.Anewstudyconductedin2024showedthatchildren’sexposuretocerealadsonTVprogrammingaimedatkidshasdroppeddramatically.(食品行業(yè)發(fā)起了“兒童食品和飲料廣告倡議”，這是一項(xiàng)自愿的自我監(jiān)管努力。21家參與的食品公司承諾減少向12歲以下兒童推銷不健康食品，后來這一年齡限制被修改為13歲以下。2024年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)新研究表明，兒童接觸針對兒童的電視節(jié)目中的麥片廣告大幅減少)”可知，第四段主要講了研究的后續(xù)影響。故選B。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“ButLindseySmithTaillie,afoodpolicyresearcherattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,saysthesevoluntaryeffortsaren’tmakingadifference.Advertisements,likekids’eyeballs,aremovingonline,makingitevenhardertoknowwhatmarketingchildrenarebeingexposedto,Taillienotes.(但北卡羅來納大學(xué)教堂山分校的食品政策研究員LindseySmithTaillie表示，這些自愿的努力并沒有起到什么作用。Taillie指出，廣告就像孩子們的眼睛一樣，正在向網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)移，這使得人們更難知道孩子們接觸到了什么樣的營銷)”可推知，Tallie對自愿的努力持不贊成態(tài)度。故選C。DIntheriskyworldofnucleararmscontrol,PrincetonstudentLepowskyisexploringhowrobotscanmakeinspectionsmoreaccurateandacceptabletohostnationsworriedaboutinvasive(侵入的)traditionalmethods.Hislatestresearchhasledtoarobotperforminginspectionswithoutsavingsensitiveinformation.“Thehostnationlikelywon’twantahumaninspectorpokingtheirnosearound,”saidLepowsky.“Butevenarobothasmemoryandsensorsacquiringdata.”Thegoalistohavehigh-confidenceinspectionswithouttherobotsavinginformation.Forexample,therobotwouldnotsaveradiationmeasurementsorcreatefloorplansofsensitiveareas.Thenewprototype(樣機(jī))isbuiltonaniRobotCreate3platform,aneducationalrobot.Robotsofferadvantagesoverhumaninspectors:theycantoleratehigherradiationlevels,aremoreconsistent,andcanbecheaper.Theyalsocanbeprogrammedtogeneratetrust,suchasnotusingcamerastoavoidseeingunwanteddetails.TheideafortherobotstartedwithLepowsky’sadviser,Glaser,whowascuriousaboutcreatinga“forgetfulrobot”thatcouldperformhighlyaccuratenucleararmsinspectionsbutforgeteverythingafterward.Thisledtoanevenmoreinterestingidea:“Ratherthanforgetting,we’renotevenrememberinginthefirstplace,”Lepowskysaid.Hebelievesthisfeaturecanreassurehostsconcernedaboutprivacy.Lepowskylikestheinterdisciplinarynatureofhiswork—drawingonbothhisroboticsandpolicyexpertise—andhelikesthatitrequiresabreadthofknowledge,notjustdepth.Hevaluesthathisresearchisgroundedinreal-lifeapplicationsforglobalsecurityandnuclearnonproliferation(防擴(kuò)散).Predictingwhentherobotmightbeusedinthefieldisdifficult.“It’seasytosay,today,it’snotveryrealistic,butyouhavetobereadyforifandwhenitbecomespossible,”saidLepowsky.Researchintothisproblemisveryactive.Becausearmscontrolischanging,thespecificobjectivesoffutureagreementsarehardtopredict.“Butwecanhopetheywillbepositive,andweneedtobeready,technically.“12.InwhichaspectisLepowsky’srobotdifferentfromhumaninspectors?A.Datasecurity. B.Memorycapacity. C.Socialacceptance. D.Userfriendliness.13.Whatissaidabouttherobotinparagraph3?A.Itsaccuratesystem. B.Itsprivacyrisks.C.Itsdesignmechanism. D.Itsoperationalproblems.14.WhatdoesLepowskylikeabouthiswork?A.Scientificresearchdata. B.Real-timetechnicalcooperation.C.In-depththeoreticalstudies. D.Integratedknowledgeacrossfields.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Princeton’s“Forgetful”RobotsinGlobalSecurityB.No-MemoryRobots:TheFutureofNuclearChecks?C.NuclearArmsControl:RobotsorHumanInspectors?D.Lepowsky’s“Curious”RobotsforRadiationDetection【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了普林斯頓大學(xué)的學(xué)生Lepowsky在核軍備控制領(lǐng)域的研究，特別是他關(guān)于如何利用機(jī)器人進(jìn)行更準(zhǔn)確且為主辦國所接受的核查工作的探索。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Thehostnationlikelywon’twantahumaninspectorpokingtheirnosearound,”saidLepowsky.“Butevenarobothasmemoryandsensorsacquiringdata.”Thegoalistohavehigh-confidenceinspectionswithouttherobotsavinginformation.Forexample,therobotwouldnotsaveradiationmeasurementsorcreatefloorplansofsensitiveareas.(Lepowsky說：“東道國很可能不希望人類核查員到處窺探。但即便是機(jī)器人也有會(huì)采集數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)存和傳感器?！逼淠繕?biāo)是在機(jī)器人不保存信息的情況下進(jìn)行高可信度的核查。例如，機(jī)器人不會(huì)保存輻射測量數(shù)據(jù)，也不會(huì)繪制敏感區(qū)域的平面圖。)”可知，東道國不希望人類核查員到處窺探，而Lepowsky的機(jī)器人的目標(biāo)是在不保存信息，如不保存輻射測量數(shù)據(jù)、不繪制敏感區(qū)域平面圖的情況下進(jìn)行核查。所以Lepowsky的機(jī)器人與人類核查員在數(shù)據(jù)安全方面不同。故選A?！?3題詳析】主旨大意題。在文章第三段中，首先提到“Thenewprototype(樣機(jī))isbuiltonaniRobotCreate3platform,aneducationalrobot.(這款新的樣機(jī)是基于教育機(jī)器人iRobotCreate3平臺(tái)制造的。)”說明了機(jī)器人的樣機(jī)是基于一個(gè)教育機(jī)器人平臺(tái)搭建的。接著闡述“Robotsofferadvantagesoverhumaninspectors:theycantoleratehigherradiationlevels,aremoreconsistent,andcanbecheaper.Theyalsocanbeprogrammedtogeneratetrust,suchasnotusingcamerastoavoidseeingunwanteddetails.(與人類核查員相比，機(jī)器人具有一些優(yōu)勢：它們能夠承受更高的輻射水平，工作更加穩(wěn)定一致，而且成本可能更低。它們還可以通過編程來贏得信任，比如不使用攝像頭以避免拍攝到不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。)”介紹了機(jī)器人相較于人類核查員的優(yōu)勢，以及為了贏得信任所采用的編程方式，比如不使用攝像頭。還提到“TheideafortherobotstartedwithLepowsky’sadviser,Glaser,whowascuriousaboutcreatinga“forgetfulrobot”thatcouldperformhighlyaccuratenucleararmsinspectionsbutforgeteverythingafterward.Thisledtoanevenmoreinterestingidea:“Ratherthanforgetting,we’renotevenrememberinginthefirstplace,”Lepowskysaid.Hebelievesthisfeaturecanreassurehostsconcernedaboutprivacy.(關(guān)于這款機(jī)器人的想法最初來自Lepowsky的導(dǎo)師Glaser，他對制造一個(gè)能夠進(jìn)行高度精確的核武器核查、但事后會(huì)忘掉一切的“健忘機(jī)器人”很感興趣。這引出了一個(gè)更有意思的想法：“我們不是讓它事后忘掉，而是從一開始就不記錄任何信息。”Lepowsky說。他認(rèn)為這一特點(diǎn)可以讓那些擔(dān)心隱私問題的東道國放心。)”講述了機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)理念的起源以及最終確定的“從一開始就不記錄信息”這一特色，這些都圍繞著機(jī)器人的設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)制展開。所以關(guān)于第三段中提到的機(jī)器人，主要說的是它的設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)制。故選C?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Lepowskylikestheinterdisciplinarynatureofhiswork—drawingonbothhisroboticsandpolicyexpertise—andhelikesthatitrequiresabreadthofknowledge,notjustdepth.Hevaluesthathisresearchisgroundedinreal-lifeapplicationsforglobalsecurityandnuclearnonproliferation(防擴(kuò)散).(Lepowsky喜歡自己工作的跨學(xué)科性質(zhì)——既利用了他在機(jī)器人技術(shù)方面的專業(yè)知識(shí)，也運(yùn)用了他在政策方面的專長——而且他喜歡這份工作需要廣泛的知識(shí)，而不僅僅是深度的專業(yè)知識(shí)。他很看重自己的研究是基于全球安全和核不擴(kuò)散的現(xiàn)實(shí)應(yīng)用。)”可知，Lepowsky喜歡他工作的跨學(xué)科性質(zhì)，即他的工作需要同時(shí)運(yùn)用到機(jī)器人技術(shù)和政策方面的專業(yè)知識(shí)，并且他喜歡這份工作需要廣泛的知識(shí)，而不僅僅是深度的專業(yè)知識(shí)。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要圍繞萊波夫斯基研發(fā)的不會(huì)保存敏感信息（即沒有記憶）的機(jī)器人展開，介紹了該機(jī)器人在核武器核查領(lǐng)域的研發(fā)背景、優(yōu)勢、設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)制等。文中提到這種機(jī)器人能夠在不保存信息的情況下進(jìn)行高可信度的核查，解決了東道國對隱私的擔(dān)憂，并且探討了雖然目前難以預(yù)測其在實(shí)際領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用時(shí)間，但針對該問題的研究很活躍，未來可能在核核查中發(fā)揮作用。選項(xiàng)B“No-MemoryRobots:TheFutureofNuclearChecks?(無記憶機(jī)器人：核核查的未來？)”既突出了機(jī)器人“無記憶”的特點(diǎn)，又點(diǎn)明了其與核核查的關(guān)系，并且以疑問的形式引發(fā)讀者思考，符合文章主旨。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whentheworld-famousauthorJ.K.RowlinggaveaspeechataHarvardUniversitygraduationceremony,somemayhavealittlesurprisedbythetopicshechose:“TheBenefitsofFailure”.Rowling’sfirstnovelwasrejectedby12publishersbeforeitwasfinallypublished.However,itwasthisexperiencethathelpedhertosucceed._______16_______Shediscoveredthatshehadastrongwill,andmoredisciplinethanshehadexpected.ThelateAppleCEOSteveJobsexperiencedfailureearlyinhiscareer,whenhewasfiredformthecompanyhehadco-founded.Hefeltdespairandrejection.However,itwas,inhisview,“thebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything._______17_______”EvenBillGateshasexperiencedfailure.HisfirstcompanywascalledTraf-O-Data,butunfortunately,itsproductdidn’twork._______18_______ButwhatGateslearntfromthisexperiencehelpedlaythegroundworkfortheglobalsuccessthatisnowMicrosoft.Hedidn'tmakethesamemistaketwice._______19_______Attoughmomentsintheirlives,theyshowedgrit.Butwhatis“grit”exactly?Putsimply,it’sapassionforsomethingandthedeterminationtoworkhardandtostickwithit.It’sveryeasytogiveupwhenwehitsetbacks,butpeoplewhohavegritkeepgoing.Sohowcanwebecome“grittier”?_______20_______Ifwecanlearnhowtomanagefailure,we’lllearnhowtosucceed.Byworkingthroughaseriesoffailures,we’rebetterpreparedforthebiggerchallengeswe’llfaceintheadultworld:We’llhavetheresilienceweneedtokeepgoing.We’llhavetruegrit.A.Itwasatotaldisaster.B.Asbeginnerstheylackexperience.C.Thisiswheretheimportanceoffailurecomesin.D.Alltheseindividualssharesomethingincommon.E.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsinmylife.F.Withastrongwill,theideawasturnedintoasuccessfulproduct.G.Failuretaughtherthingsthatshecouldhavelearntnootherway.【答案】16.G17.E18.A19.D20.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了失敗和勇氣的關(guān)系。【16題詳析】根據(jù)上文“However,itwasthisexperiencethathelpedhertosucceed(然而，正是這段經(jīng)歷幫助她取得了成功)”可知，上文提到了失敗的好處，所以選項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步解釋為通過失敗學(xué)到獨(dú)特的東西。故G選項(xiàng)“失敗教會(huì)了她其他途徑學(xué)不到的東西”切題。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything(成功的沉重被重新開始的輕松和對每件事都不那么確定所取代)”可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文繼續(xù)說明重新開始的輕松和對每件事都不那么確定所取代對作者的影響。故E選項(xiàng)“它解放了我，讓我進(jìn)入了一生中最有創(chuàng)造力的時(shí)期之一”切題。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“HisfirstcompanywascalledTraf-O-Data,butunfortunately,itsproductdidn’twork.(他的第一家公司叫Traf-O-Data，但不幸的是，它的產(chǎn)品并不奏效)”可知，選項(xiàng)補(bǔ)充說明結(jié)果。故A選項(xiàng)“這完全是一場災(zāi)難”切題。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Attoughmomentsintheirlives,theyshowedgrit.(在生活的艱難時(shí)刻，他們表現(xiàn)出了勇氣)”可知，這三個(gè)人的共同之處是有勇氣。所以選項(xiàng)承接下文說明他們有共同之處。故D選項(xiàng)“所有這些人都有共同之處”切題。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Sohowcanwebecome“grittier”?(那么，我們怎樣才能變得“更有勇氣”呢？)”可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說明“更有勇氣”和失敗的關(guān)系。故C選項(xiàng)“這就是失敗的重要性所在”切題。故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Lastsummer,IjoinedavolunteerprograminaruralAfricanvillage.Iwas____21____toteachEnglishandbuildfriendships.Myfirstweekwasfilledwith____22____—Itaughtchildrenbasicphrases,playedgames,andevenlearnedafewwordsintheirlocallanguage.____23____,realityhithardsoon.Onemorning,astormfloodedthevillage’sonlyclassroom,____24____textbooksandchairs.Thevillagers,strugglingwithpoverty,hadnomoneytorepairit.Myheart____25____—howcouldIcontinueteachingwithoutresources?Thatnight,Ilayawake,brainstorming____26____.ThenIrememberedmyphone’sflashlightapp.“Wecanholdclassesunderthestars!”Isuggested.Thevillagerswere____27____,butanyway,weclearedapatch(小塊)ofland,borrowedchairsfromneighbors,andusedmyphone’slightto____28____vocabularywordsontoawhitesheet.Theoutdoorclassesworkedsurprisingly____29____.Childrenlaughedastheytracedlettersinthedirt,andparentsjoined,____30____aboutthe“glowinglessons”.Buttroublestruckagainwhenmyphone____31____mid-lesson.Silencefell.AboynamedKofisuddenlystoodup,____32____asmallsolarlanternhe’dmadefromscrap(碎片)metal.“Usethis,”hesaidproudly.Overthenextweeks,Kofiandotherkids____33____morelanterns,andour“nightschool”thrived(蓬勃發(fā)展).Bytheendoftheprogram,thecommunityhadraisedfundstorebuildtheclassroom.Ileftwithtearsinmyeyes—notfromsadness,butfrom____34____.Thisexperiencemademe____35____thatinnovationandcommunityspiritcanovercomethetoughestchallenges.21.A.hesitant B.embarrassed C.eager D.nervous22.A.tension B.astonishment C.confusion D.excitement23.A.However B.Moreover C.Therefore D.Otherwise24.A.covering B.preserving C.ruining D.energizing25.A.beat B.sank C.stopped D.raced26.A.puzzles B.solutions C.excuses D.conditions27.A.doubtful B.hopeful C.grateful D.faithful28.A.post B.paint C.project D.print29.A.rarely B.typically C.loosely D.perfectly30.A.concerned B.cautious C.curious D.reluctant31.A.died B.slipped C.shone D.rang32.A.hiding B.holding C.leaving D.handing33.A.decorated B.exhibited C.lighted D.crafted34.A.pride B.anxiety C.sympathy D.terror35.A.prove B.realize C.hope D.deserve【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.B27.A28.C29.D30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在非洲農(nóng)村支教時(shí)克服困難并創(chuàng)新教學(xué)的經(jīng)歷。【21題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我渴望教英語并建立友誼。A.hesitant猶豫的；B.embarrassed尷尬的；C.eager渴望的；D.nervous緊張的。根據(jù)上文“Ijoinedavolunteerprogram”、“Myfirstweekwasfilledwith”可知，作者主動(dòng)參與志愿項(xiàng)目，應(yīng)是帶著積極的意愿，“渴望”符合語境，體現(xiàn)對教學(xué)和交友的期待。故選C?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的第一周充滿了興奮。A.tension緊張；B.astonishment驚訝；C.confusion困惑；D.excitement興奮。根據(jù)下文“Itaughtchildrenbasicphrases,playedgames”可知，作者的教學(xué)活動(dòng)充滿興奮。故選D。【23題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，現(xiàn)實(shí)很快給了我沉重的一擊。A.However然而；B.Moreover此外；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)上文“Itaughtchildrenbasicphrases,playedgames,andevenlearnedafewwordsintheirlocallanguage.”和下文“realityhithardsoon”可知，上下文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用However。故選A?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一天早上，一場暴風(fēng)雨淹沒了村里唯一的教室，毀壞了課本和椅子。A.covering覆蓋；B.preserving保護(hù)；C.ruining毀壞；D.energizing激勵(lì)。根據(jù)上文“Onemorning,astormfloodedthevillage’sonlyclassroom”可知，暴風(fēng)雨帶來的是破壞，課本和椅子應(yīng)是被“毀壞”。故選C?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的心沉了下去。A.beat跳動(dòng)；B.sank下沉；C.stopped停止；D.raced疾馳。根據(jù)上文“Thevillagers,strugglingwithpoverty,hadnomoneytorepairit”和下文“howcouldIcontinueteachingwithoutresources?”可知，作者面對教學(xué)資源被毀的困境感到沮喪、無助，“心一沉”是表達(dá)這種失落情緒的常用方式。故選B。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上，我躺著睡不著，絞盡腦汁想辦法。A.puzzles難題；B.solutions解決辦法；C.excuses借口；D.conditions條件。根據(jù)下文“Wecanholdclassesunderthestars!”可知，作者在思考解決辦法。故選B?！?7題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：村民們對此表示懷疑，但無論如何，我們清理了一塊土地。A.doubtful懷疑的；B.hopeful有希望的；C.grateful感激的；D.faithful忠誠的。根據(jù)上文“Thevillagerswere”和下文“butanyway,weclearedapatch(小塊)ofland,borrowedchairsfromneighbors”可知，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，后文提到實(shí)際執(zhí)行了戶外教學(xué)計(jì)劃，因此前文村民的態(tài)度應(yīng)是“懷疑的”。故選A?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：用我的手機(jī)燈光將詞匯投射到白布上。A.post張貼；B.paint繪畫；C.project投射；D.print打印。根據(jù)上文“usedmyphone’slightto”和下文“ontoawhitesheet”可知，這里指用手機(jī)燈光將詞匯投射到白布上。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：戶外課堂的效果出奇地好。A.rarely很少地；B.typically典型地；C.loosely寬松地；D.perfectly完美地。根據(jù)上文“Theoutdoorclassesworkedsurprisingly”和下文“Childrenlaughedastheytracedlettersinthedirt”可知，戶外課堂效果很好。故選D。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：孩子們笑著在泥土上描摹字母，家長們也加入進(jìn)來，對這種“發(fā)光的課程”充滿好奇。A.concerned關(guān)心的；B.cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；C.curious好奇的；D.reluctant不情愿的。根據(jù)上文“andparentsjoined”和下文“aboutthe“glowinglessons””可知，家長們對課程感到好奇。故選C。【31題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但在上課中途，我的手機(jī)沒電了，麻煩又來了。A.died（電池）耗盡；B.slipped滑倒；C.shone發(fā)光；D.rang響鈴。根據(jù)上文“Buttroublestruckagainwhenmyphone”和下文“asmallsolarlanternhe’dmadefromscrap(碎片)metal”可知，手機(jī)無法繼續(xù)提供燈光，應(yīng)是“沒電停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)”，died在此處可表示電子設(shè)備沒電關(guān)機(jī)，符合語境。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一個(gè)叫Kofi的男孩突然站起來，拿著他用廢金屬做的小太陽能燈。A.hiding隱藏；B.holding拿著；C.leaving離開；D.handing交給。根據(jù)下文“asmallsolarlantern”可知，Kofi拿著燈。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的幾周里，Kofi和其他孩子制作了更多的燈。A.decorated裝飾；B.exhibited展覽；C.lighted點(diǎn)燃；D.crafted制作。根據(jù)下文“morelanterns”可知，孩子們制作了更多的燈。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我含著眼淚離開了——不是因?yàn)楸瘋?，而是因?yàn)轵湴?。A.pride驕傲；B.anxiety焦慮；C.sympathy同情；D.terror恐怖。根據(jù)上文“thecommunityhadraisedfundstorebuildtheclassroom”和“our“nightschool”thrived”可知，志愿項(xiàng)目最終取得了積極成果，作者的情緒應(yīng)是積極的，“自豪”符合對成果的感受，與“悲傷”形成對比。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這段經(jīng)歷讓我意識(shí)到創(chuàng)新和社區(qū)精神可以克服最艱難的挑戰(zhàn)。A.prove證明；B.realize意識(shí)到；C.hope希望；D.deserve應(yīng)得。根據(jù)下文“innovationandcommunityspiritcanovercomethetoughestchallenges”可知，作者意識(shí)到創(chuàng)新和社區(qū)精神的力量。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LampsfromtheHanDynastyexhibitadiverserange____36____forms,featuringpatternssuchaswildgoosefeet,theVermilionBirds,oxen,sheepandothers.One____37____(remark)ex