2019年江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)考博英語真題一、Vocabulary1.AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost______.

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

√

C.relevant

D.rigorous2.WhentheItalianpoetDantewas______fromhishomeinFlorence,hedecidedtowalkfromItalytosearchfortherealmeaningoflife.

A.exiled

√

B.expired

C.exempted

D.exerted3.Thegovernment’sinabilityto______itsownlawsandregulationsdisappointedtheelectorate.

A.guarantee

B.strike

C.sanction

D.enforce

√4.Theyhopetobeabletomoveintothenewbuildingattheendofmonth,butthingsdidnot______astheyhadexpected.

A.workout

B.workat

C.workon

√

D.workoff5.Herhumorousremarksseemed______,butwereinfactcarefullypreparedbeforehand.

A.intentional

B.spontaneous

√

C.precise

D.crude6.Theyhavemadea______plantobuildasuspensionbridgeovertheriver.

A.band

B.bound

C.bond

D.bold

√7.______fabricsusuallydon’twrinkleasmuchascotton.

A.Symbolic

B.Sympathetic

C.Synthetic

√

D.Systematic8.Thiskindofsongbirdsleepsmuchlessduringitsannual______,butthatdoesn’tseemtoaffectitsflying.

A.migration

√

B.emigration

C.conveyance

D.transference9.Onlineschools,which______theneedsofdifferentpeople,haveemergedasanincreasinglypopulareducationalternative.

A.consentto

B.stirup

C.switchon

D.caterto

√10.FromsciencetoShakespeare,excellenttelevisionandvideoprogramsareavailable______toteachers.

A.instore

B.inoperation

C.inabundance

√

D.instock二、ReadingComprehension11.PassageOneKidnappingisthecruelestcrimeofthe20thcentury.Thereisnotthepoliticalpassionbehindmost

hijacking;themotiveisgreedformoney.Thevictims,providedtheirfamiliesarerichenough,are

chosenatrandom.Withtheconstantexposurebythemediaofpersonalfameandfortune,most

peoplearevulnerablethanever.

ThemostnotoriouskidnappingbeganontheeveningofMarch1,1932,whensomeoneplaceda

home-madeladderagainsttheNewJerseyhomeofColonelCharlesLindberghandstolehisblond,

blue-eyedbabyson.Aransomnotewasleftfromthekidnapper.Lindbergh,thefirstpilottoflysolo

acrosstheAtlantic,wasthemostpopularmaninAmerica.

Whentheboywasfoundafewmilesawaywithhisheadcrushedin,thewholenationwasshocked

andCongresspassedthe“LindberghKidnapLaw”,withthedeathpenaltyfortransportingakidnap

victimacrossastateline.Thekidnapper,BrunoRichardHauptmann,wascaughttwo-and-a-half

yearslater,whenheexchangedsomeoftheransommoney.Hewasexecutedin1936.

Kidnappingisanexampleofinflation:Hauptmanndemanded$50,000;in1973theGettyfamilyhad

topay1,300,000poundsandtheransomdeliveryintwobillionItalianlireweighedaton.Inthis

kidnapping,thingswentdreadfullywrong.WhenthekidnapperscutoffGetty’srightearandsentit

toanewspaper,theyforgotthepostalstrikewhichdelayedthisproofbythreeweeks.Inthecaseof

MurielMcKay,thekidnapperspickedthewrongwoman.TheHoseinbrothershaddevelopedtheir

planwhentheysawRupertMurdochonaTVshowin1969andheardhimdescribedasamillionaire,

awordwhichstimulatedtheiraction.Yet,intracingMurdoch’sRolls-Royce,theyfailedtorealize

thathehadleftforAustraliawithhiswifeandhadloanedthecartoDouglasMcKay,achairmanof

oneofhisenterprises.Attackingthewronghome,theHoseinskidnappedMrs.McKaybymistake,

butstilldemandedtheirmillionpounds.

Theendresultofkidnappingisneverclean:Lindberghneverpsychologicallyrecovered.YoungPaul

Gettyjokes:“Itwasahigh-pricedear!”Butthescarsmustbeinternal,too.Thesaddestcomment

camefromDouglasMcKayafterthetrialoftheHoseins:“Theyhavegotalifesentence.I,too,have

alifesentencewonderingjustwhathashappenedtomydearwife.”

（1）.Whyaremostpeoplevulnerablethaneveraccordingtothewriter?

A.Therearemoregreedypeopleintheworldthaneverbefore.

B.Therearemorerichpeopleintheworldthaneverbefore.

C.Itisdifficultnowadaystoberichinsecret.

√

D.Politicalhijackingshavebecomemoreandmorecommon.（2）.WhatdowelearnabouttheLindberghcase?

A.LindberghwasthefirstpilottoflysoloacrossthePacifi正確答案:C

B.Lindberghplacedahome-madeladderagainsthishouse.

C.Thekidnapperwasarrestedandexecuted4yearslater

D.ThekidnapperkilledLindbergh’ssoncold-bloodedly.（3）.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying“Kidnappingisanexampleofinflation”?

A.Therearemoreandmorekidnappingcases.

B.Kidnappersmakemoreandmoremistakes.

C.Kidnappersdemandformoreandmoreransom.

√

D.Kidnappersarenotpaidasmuchastheyrequire.（4）.WhatcouldbeinferredwhentheHoseinbrotherskidnappedMurielMcKay?

A.Theywerepaidamillionpounds,butstillkilledthevictim.

B.TheythoughtthattheywerekidnappingMrs.Murdoch.

√

C.TheydidnotknowthatMrs.McKayhadgonetoAustralia.

D.TheydidnotknowthatMrs.MurdochwasanAustralian.（5）.Whatdoesthewritersuggestaboutthekidnappingvictimsandtheirrelatives?

A.Theyusuallyneverrecovercompletely.

√

B.Theyareusuallyleftwithnomoneyatall.

C.Theyshouldconsiderthemselvesluckytobealive.

D.Theyliveinfearfortherestoftheirlives.12.PassageTwoBefore,wheneverwehadwealth,westarteddiscussingpoverty.Whynotnow?Whyisthecurrent

politicsofwealthandpovertyseeminglyaboutwealthalone?Eightyearsago,whenBillClintonfirst

ranforpresident,theDowJonesaveragewasunder3,500,yearlyfederalbudgetdeficitswere

projectedathundredsofbillionsofdollarsforeverandbeyond,andnoonetalkedaboutthe

“permanentboom”orthe“neweconomy”.Yetinthatmorestraitenedtime,Clintonmademuchof

theimportanceof“notleavingasinglepersonbehind”.Itispossiblethatsimilar“compassionate”

rhetoricmightyetplayaroleinthegeneralelection.

Butitisstrikinghowmuchlesstalkthereisaboutthepoorthantherewaseightyearsago,whenthe

countrywaseconomicallyuncertain,orinpreviouseras,whenthecountyfeltflush.Evenlast

summer,whenClintonspentseveraldaysonaremarkabletourthroughimpoverishedareasfrom

IndianreservationsinSouthDakotatoghettoneighborhoodsinEastSt.Louis,theadministration

decidedtorefertotheeffortnotasapovertytourbutasa“newmarketinitiative”.

Whatishappeningispartlyalogical,policy-drivenreaction.Povertyreallyislowerthanithasbeen

indecades,especiallyforminoritygroups.Themostattractivesolutiontoit—agrowing

economy—isbeingapplied.Thepeoplewhohavebeentotallyleftoutofthisboomoftenhave

medical,mentalorotherproblemsforwhichnoonehasanimmediatesolution.“Theeconomyhas

suckedinanyonewhohasanypreparation,anyabilitytocopewithmodernlife,”saysFranklinD.

Raines,theformerdirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudgetwhoisnowheadofFannieMac.

Whenheandotherpeoplewhospecializeintheissuetalkaboutsolutions,theytalkanalyticallyand

onalongtermbasis:education,developmentofworksill,shiftsinthelabormarket,andadjustments

inwelfarereform.

ButIthinkthereisanotherforcethathasmadethisaricherawithbarelyvisiblepoorpeople.Itis

theunusualsocialandimaginativeseparationbetweenprosperousAmericaandthosestillleftout.

It’ssimpleinvisibilitybecauseofincreasinggeographic,occupational,andsocialbarriersthatblock

onegroupfromtheother’sview.

（1）.Whatdoestheword“straitened”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Straightforward

B.Wealthy

C.Distant

D.Difficult

√（2）.Whatisoneimportantreasonwhywedonottalkmuchaboutpovertyaccordingtotheauthor?

A.Nooneknowswhattodoaboutit.

B.Noonehasbeenleftoutofthecurrentboom.

C.Povertyreallyislowerthaninthepast.

√

D.Thepresidentisnotconcernedaboutthepoor.（3）.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.Therelationshipbetweentherichandthepoorhaschange正確答案:D

B.Weshouldpaymoreattentiontopoverty.

C.Thegoodeconomywillsoonend.

D.Allpeoplebenefitfromgoodeconomicconditions.（4）.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toentertain.

B.Topersuade.

C.Totellastory.

D.Todescrib正確答案:E（5）.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Weweremoreawareofthepoorinthepastthanwearetoday.

√

B.Thepoorarebenefitingfromtoday’sgoodeconomy.

C.Thecountryisenjoyingeconomicgrowth.

D.Thereweremanymorepoorpeoplethantherearetoday.13.PassageThreeHospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesand

otherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationand

casestudies.

Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbe

focusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthat

halfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.

Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsabouta

problemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegun

limitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedreminding

medicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.

“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternet

ordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosatthe

UniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.

“Mygutfeelingislivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.“We’renoteducatingpeopleaboutthe

problem,andit’sgettingworse.”

Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypass

machinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhad

textedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”

Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplya

factoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthat

theyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.

Thepressurestemsfromamantraofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”and

informedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhas

helpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.

Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreat

potentialinhealthcare,”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.

（1）.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?

A.Tofacilitateadministration.

B.Tocopewithemergencies.

C.Toreducemedicalerror.

√

D.Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.（2）.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”?

A.Thedisservicedonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.

B.Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.

√

C.Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.

D.Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.（3）.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?

A.Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.

Btorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.

Ctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.

√

D.Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.（4）.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?

A.Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.

B.Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospitalsrevenues.

C.Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.

D.Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcar正確答案:E（5）.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?

A.Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.

√

B.Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.

C.Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.

D.Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.14.PassageFourEarlydecision—youapplytooneschool,andadmissionisbinding—seemslikeagreatchoicefor

nervousapplicantsSchoolsletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguably

meansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofgettingin.Andifyoudo,you’redonewiththewhole

agonizingprocessbyDecember.Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon’trealizeisthatschools

havehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.

Earlydecisionsinceit’sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents;itallows

admissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknow

thosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldratewhichisoftenusedasoneofthe

waystomeasurecollegeselectivityandpopularity.

Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeone

ofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Underregularadmissions,seniorshave

untilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend;earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem,

monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmoreschools,domoreresearch,speaktocurrentstudentsand

alumniandarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.

Thereare,frankly,anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica,andforanygiven

student,thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreatfit.Whenstudentsbecometoofixatedona

particularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess,thatfixationcanleadtoseveredisappointmentif

theydon’tgetinor,iftheydo,thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat,given

timeforfurtherreflection,maynotactuallyberightforthem.

Insofarasearlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge;thatadvantagegoeslargelytostudents

whoalreadyhavenumerousadvantages.Thestudentswhouseearlydecisiontendtobethosewho

havereceivedhigherqualitycollegeguidance,usuallyaresultofcomingfromamoreprivileged

background.Inthisregard,there’sanargumentagainstearlydecision,asstudentsfrom

lower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoften

confusingearlydeadlines.

Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere’soneschooltheywouldbe

thrilledtogetintoshould,underthecurrentsystem,probablyapplyunderearlydecision.Butfor

studentswhohaven’tyetdoneenoughresearch,orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindson

favoriteschools,theearlydecisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefieldof

possibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrilling

options.

（1）.Whatarestudentsobligedtodounderearlydecision?

A.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitte正確答案:D

B.Lookintoalotofschoolsbeforetheyapply.

C.Thinktwicebeforetheyaccepttheoffer.

D.Consultthecurrentstudentsandalumni.（2）.Whydoschoolsofferearlydecision?

A.Toprovidemoreopportunitiesforapplicants.

B.Toavoidcompetitionwithothercollege.

C.Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.

√

D.Tosavestudentstheagonyofchoosingaschool.（3）.Whatissaidtobetheproblemwithearlydecisionforstudents?

A.Itmakestheirapplicationprocessmorecomplicated.

B.Itplacestoohighademandontheirresearchability.

C.Itexertsmuchmorepsychologicalpressureonthem.

D.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.

√（4）.Whyaresomepeopleopposedtoearlydecisions?

A.Itinterfereswithstudents’learninginhighschool.

B.Itisbiasedagainststudentsatordinaryhighschools.

C.Itplacesstudentsfromlowerincomefamiliesatadisadvantag正確答案:E

D.Itcausesunnecessaryconfusionamongcollegeapplicants.（5）.Whatdoestheauthoradvisecollegeapplicantstodo?

A.Refrainfromcompetingwithstudentsfromprivilegedfamilies.

B.Findsufficientinformationabouttheirfavoriteschools.

√

C.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.

D.Lookbeyondthefewsupposedlythrillingoptions.三、Cloze15.Directions:Readingthefollowingtext.Choosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblank

fromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorD.

Afour-yearcollegedegree,seenforgenerationsasatickettoabetterlife,is【A1】______enoughtoguarantee

asteadilyrisingpaycheck.

JustaskBeaDewing.Aftersheearnedabachelor’sdegree—hissecond—incomputersciencefrom

Maryland’sFrostburgStateUniversityin1986,sheenjoyedalmostunbrokenadvancein【A2】______eventuallyearning$89,000ayearasadatamodelerforSprintCorpinLawrence,Ken.Then,in

2002,Sprintlaidheroff.

“IthoughtImightbelookingafewweeksormonthsatmost,”saysMs.Dewing,now56years

old.【A3】______shespentthenextsixyearsinacareerwilderness,startingininternetcafethatdidn’tsucceed,

working【A4】______jobandlow-endpositionsindataprocessing,andfruitlessly【A5】______hundredsofjobpostings.

Thelowpointcamearound2004whenarecruiterforSprint—nowknownasSprintNextel

Corp.—calledseekingtofillajobsimilartotheoneshe【A6】______twoyearsearlier,butpayingbarelya

thirdofheroldsalary.

InApril,Ms.Dewingfinallylandedajob【A7】______heroldoneintheinformationtechnologydepartment

ofWal-MartStoreInc.’sheadquartersinBentonville,Ark,wheresherelocated.She【A8】______about20%

lessthanshedidin2002,adjustedforinflation,butconsidersherselffortunate,andwiser.

Adegree,shesays,“isn’tanybigguaranteeofemployment,it’sabasic【A9】______,astepyouhavetotake

to【A10】______beconsideredformanyprofessionaljobs.”Acollegedegreemaynottakeyouasfarasyou’d

expect,althoughtheremaystillbeafewfieldswhereabachelor’sdegreestillremainsaworthy

investment.

（1）.【A1】______

A.definitely

B.nolonger

√

C.rarely

D.impossible（2）.【A2】______

A.security

B.promotion

C.benefits

D.wages

√（3）.【A3】______

A.Furthermore

B.Despite

C.Instead

√

D.And（4）.【A4】______

A.temporary

√

B.various

C.similar

D.technical（5）.【A5】______

A.respondedto

B.respondingfor

C.respondingto

√

D.respondthrough（6）.【A6】______

A.got

B.gaveup

C.lost

√

D.secured（7）.【A7】______

A.relatedto

B.similarto

√

C.comparedwith

D.incontrastwith（8）.【A8】______

A.earns

√

B.contributes

C.offers

D.pays（9）.【A9】______

A.quality

B.requirement

√

C.promise

D.possibility（10）.【A10】______

A.just

B.though

C.yet

D.even

√四、Translate16.Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.Thecrucialpointisthis:labor,landandmoneyareessentialelementsofindustry;theyalsomustbeorganizedinmarket;infact,thesemarketsformanabsolutelyvitalpartoftheeconomic-system.Butlabor,landandmoneyareobviouslynotcommodities.Laborisonlyanothernameforahumanactivitywhichgoeswithlifeitself,whichinitsturnisnot