目錄TOC\o"13"\h\z\u01析·考情精解 102構(gòu)·知能架構(gòu) 203破·考點攻堅 3考點精講一狀語從句的分類及常見連接詞 3考點精講二狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞用法 3考點精講三狀語從句的省略問題 9考點精講四并列連詞與從屬連詞 1001析·考情精解 考綱解讀及備考建議狀語從句是指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)狀語成分的句子,它可以修飾謂語,非謂語動詞,定語,狀語或整個句子,補充說明時間、地點、原因、條件、方式、程度、狀態(tài)等。狀語從句和名詞性從句、定語從句一樣是高考的高頻考點。高考對狀語從句的考查仍集中在對引導(dǎo)幾大狀語從句的連接詞的考查上。做題時,要培養(yǎng)自己分析句子成分、判斷句意及分析句間邏輯關(guān)系的能力。做題時,考生需結(jié)合所提供的語境和儲備的語法知識,首先分析考查的是哪種從句,再進行連接詞的判斷。狀語從句考點主要集中在連接詞的使用上,比如until,before,since,because,as,if,when,incase等各種連接詞的語義功能和語法功能。同時,注意區(qū)分狀語從句和并列連詞,如：and,but,or等。命題形式主要涉及完形填空和語法填空。另外,在寫作中狀語從句也是有效的表達手段。02構(gòu)·知能架構(gòu) 狀語從句狀語從句分類主要引導(dǎo)詞用法2.地點狀語從句1.時間狀語從句3.原因狀語從句4.目的狀語從句5.結(jié)果狀語從句6.條件狀語從句7.讓步狀語從句8.方式狀語從句9.比較狀語從句Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.WhiletheteacherparaphrasedthetextinEnglish,thestudentslistenedattentivelyandtooknotes.ItwasthreedaysbeforeIcameback.Wewerehavingbreakfastasshewasbingherhair.Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.Donaldwillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.Hesaidhewashappywherehewas.Ididn’tgoabrordwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.Asitissnowing,weshallnotclimbthemountain.Sincetravelingbyairismuchfaster,theydecidedtotakeaplane.Now(that)youhavepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.Theexpertspokeslowlyinorderthateveryoneshouldunderstand.Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.LindaphonedmeinonarrivalsothatIknowshewassafeandsound.Shespokesofastthatnobodycouldcatchwhatshewassaying.Theprofessortoldussuchafunnystorythatallthestudentslaughed．Althoughtheyhavebeentalkingforalongtime,hecannotmakeherbelievehim.Ididjustasyoutoldme.

Wewereasfortunateasthem(theywere)We’llstartourprojectifthepresidentagrees.as用法時間狀語從句原因狀語從句方式狀語從句比較狀語從句as表示“當(dāng)……的時候”,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,多強調(diào)主句和從句中的動作或狀態(tài)同時發(fā)生,從句可放在主句前,也可放在主句后。例如：AsIwaitedatthestop,Iheardabignoise.當(dāng)我在車站等車的時候,我聽到一個很大的聲響。Sheroseupasheentered.當(dāng)他進來時,她站了起來。as表示“因為”、“由于”,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,其語氣不如because強,通常為附加說明的理由,且是已知曉的原因,主句與從句沒有邏輯上的因果關(guān)系。例如：Asshewasnotwell,Iwenttherealone.因為她身體不好,所以我獨自到那里去了。Asheisatailor,heknowswhattodowiththismaterial.由于他是個裁縫,他知道怎樣利用這塊布料。讓步狀語從句as表示“雖然……但是……”,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,從句通常用倒裝語序,把從句的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在as前面,可以用though替代。例如：Childasheis,heknowsalot.雖然他是個孩子,但他知道的東西很多。Hardasitwasraining,theywentonworkinginthefield.雖然天下大雨,但他們繼續(xù)在田地里干活。as表示“按照”、“依照”、“像”,引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句,從句置于主句之后。例如：Youshoulddoastheteachertellsyou.你應(yīng)當(dāng)依照老師所說的去做。Theabsenceofairalsoexplainswhythestarsdonotseemtotwinkleinspaceastheydofromtheearth.空氣的不存在,也說明了為什么在空中星星看來并不閃爍,而不像從地球上看的那樣。as表示“像……一樣”,引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句,對主句和從句的動作或狀態(tài)加以比較,說明它們之間有相似之處,在從句中常省略與主句相同的部分。例如：Hedoesn'tworkashardasI(do).他不像我工作那樣努力。Ihopethenecklacewasasgoodastheoneyoulentme.我希望我掛項鏈同你借給我的一樣好。since用法時間狀語從句Hehasstudiedveryhardsincehecametoourschool.Wehavebeenmissingthemsincetheylefthere.原因狀語從句Sinceyouarenotinterested,Iwon'ttellyouaboutit.nomatter+疑問詞和“疑問詞ever都可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示”無論······；不管······都······“Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustobeythelaw.Whoeveryouare,youmustobeythelaw.NomatterwhenLucyes,shesaysthesamewords.WheneverLucyes,shesaysthesamewords.Nomatterhowdifficultitis,wewilltrytoovereit.Howeverdifficultitis,wewilltrytoovereit.03破·考點攻堅 考點精講一狀語從句的分類及常見連接詞類別連詞1.時間狀語從句when,as,while(當(dāng)…時),till,until,since,before,after,once(一旦),whenever,everytime(每當(dāng)),thefirst/lasttime,assoonas,immediately,instantly,directly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,thesecond,nosooner…than,hardly/scarcely…when(一…就)2.地點狀語從句where,wherever,everywhere,anywhere3.條件狀語從句if,unless,aslongas,suppose/supposing(that),assuming(that),provided/providing(that)(假如,條件是),onconditionthat(條件是),incase,ifonly4.原因狀語從句because,as(因為),for,since,seeing(that),now(that)(既然),given(that)(考慮到),considering(that)(考慮到,that...butthat...butthat...5.讓步狀語從句although,though,evenif,eventhough,as(盡管),while(雖然,盡管),whatever/whenever,nomatterwhat/when…6.目的狀語從句inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfearthat(以防),lest(以防)等7.程度/結(jié)果狀語從句sothat,so/such…that…8.方式狀語從句as(正如…;像…),asif/asthough9.比較狀語從句as...as,notas/so...as,than考點精講二狀語從句常見引導(dǎo)詞用法1.時間狀語從句(1)when,while,as的用法when的用法(含引導(dǎo)其它類型狀語從句的用法)：________Ijumpedupwhenshecalled._______(相當(dāng)于andthen,做并列連詞,表示“就在這時”)。Iwasabouttoleavewhenthetelephonerang.=Iwasonthepointofgoingoutwhenthephonerang.Hewaswalkingonthestreetwhenheranacrossanoldfriend.Ihadgoneonlyafewsteps_____Irealizedthatmygreetinghadbeenimpolite.________(相當(dāng)于since,原因狀語從句)。Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyou’vegotsuchagoodonealready?_______(相當(dāng)于although,讓步狀語從句)。Theykepttryingwhentheymusthaveknownitwashopeless.while的用法：_______(相當(dāng)于duringthewholetime,從句謂語為延續(xù)性動詞)Whileshereadthepaper,Icleanedupthekitchen.Theyarrivedwhilewewerehavingdinner.__________(并列連詞,相當(dāng)于although)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.________(表示對比)(并列連詞)Theircountryhasplentyofoil,whileourshasnone.as的用法：________(常用于動作發(fā)生時間較短時)Hesawherashewasgettingoffthebus._______Astheelectionapproached,theviolencegotworse.Asspringwarmsthegoodearth,allflowersbegintobloom.(2)before的用法：①表示“_____________”Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.SheshutthedoorbeforeIcouldsayaword.Wehadtoactquicklybeforethingsbeeworse.=2\*GB3②Itwillbe/was/hadbeen﹢一段時間﹢before...表示“___________”ItwillbehalfayearbeforeIeback.Itwas/hadbeenhalfayearbeforeIcameback.=3\*GB3③Itwon’tbelongbefore表示“沒過多久就...”Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.(3)since的用法：since引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句的謂語動詞一般是非延續(xù)性動詞,主句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性的或者是反復(fù)發(fā)生過的動作。Sincehegraduatedfromthecollege,hehasworkedinthiscity.①since從句的時態(tài)若是一般過去時,相應(yīng)的,主句的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時。I___________(write)homefourtimessinceIcamehere.=2\*GB3②在“Itis/hasbeen﹢一段時間﹢since從句”句型中：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.翻譯：_________________Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIstoppedsmoking.翻譯：________________=3\*GB3③作介詞時,since后要接時間點,不接時間段。Hehasbeenwritingthebooksincefiveyearsago.(而不是sincefiveyears)=4\*GB3④引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,表“既然”(見4原因狀語從句)(4)until/till的用法：①until/till在肯定句中通常只連用延續(xù)性動詞,表示一個動作持續(xù)到某一時刻或某一動作發(fā)生為止。但在句首只能用until。Wewaitedtilltwelveandwefinallygotontheplane.②在否定句中通常連用非延續(xù)性動詞,表示相應(yīng)動作開始的時間,意為“直到才”。Ididnotbegintoworktillhehadgone.他走了后我才開始工作。Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept________thelate1980s.(2021全國乙卷)考點拓展：在強調(diào)句式里,一定要把not和until+時間狀語都進行強調(diào),做成句型Itis/wasnotuntil...that...。Itwasnotuntilyesterday________Iknewmysisterwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity.Itwasnotuntiltheyhadfinishedtheworkthattheywenthome.如果把notuntil放在句首,主句要進行倒裝,而從句不倒裝。Notuntiltheyhadfinishedtheworkdidtheygohome.(5)once的用法：once引導(dǎo)的從句可以表示時間和條件。下面一句有兩種意義：Onceyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.=Assoonasyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.(時間)=Ifyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.(條件)(6)“一…就…”的用法：除用assoonas外,還可用theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,nosooner…than,hardly…when,scarcely…when等。Icameimmediatelyyoucalled.ThemomentIhavefinishedI’llgiveyouacall.Nosoonerhadhearrived__________sheleft.Hardlyhadhesatdown__________thephonerang.(7)副詞短語用作連詞的用法：everytime,eachtime,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime,bythetime,thefirsttime,anytime等以time結(jié)尾的詞語也可用作連詞,引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。Nexttimeyouein,pleaseclosethedoor.Hedidn’ttellmeanythinglasttimeIsawhim.2.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句在句子中作狀語,表示地點,主要由where,wherever,everywhere等引導(dǎo)。特別是where的用法,意為“在…的地方”。注意：此時where≠介詞+which。Sitwhereveryoulike.Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlyweled.Afterthewar,anewschoolbuildingwasputupwheretherehadoncebeenatheatre.考點拓展：注意區(qū)別用where引導(dǎo)的定語從句和地點狀語從句。用where引導(dǎo)定語從句,前面一定要有先行詞,而用where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句前面沒有先行詞。填空：1.Putthemedicine________yourchildrencan’treachit.2.Iwillfollowyou___________yougo.3.Ifoundmywallet_______Ihadleftit.4.________thereisawill,there’saway.判斷從句類型：5.You’dbetterleavethebooksattheplacewheretheywere.__________從句6.You’dbetterleavethebookswheretheywere.___________從句3.條件狀語從句條件有真實和非真實條件兩種,這里只討論真實條件狀語從句。(1)if和unless①if表示正面的條件,意為“如果”；unless表示負面的條件,意為“除非,如果不”(if...not)。對于涉及unless的考題,關(guān)鍵要讀懂句意,弄清語境。Ifhedoesn’tebefore12o’clock,we__________(notwait)forhim.Ishallgotomorrowunlessit__________(rain).Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinion________hewantstheirsupport.②providing,provided(that),suppose/supposing(that),onconditionthat,assumingthat等意思相近,表示“假如”(比if更為書面化)。Providingthatitsnowstomorrow,weshallplaysnowballs.(2)incase①引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,其意為“如果,萬一；以防”。IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.如果我忘了,請?zhí)嵝盐?。②incaseof是介詞,后接名詞,意為“萬一,假如”,inthecaseof意為“就...來說”。Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.翻譯：________________________________Inthecaseofthelivingconditions,theworkersaresatisfiedatpresent.翻譯：__________________________(3)onlyif和ifonlyonlyif引導(dǎo)的從句用陳述語氣,意為“只要...”；ifonly引導(dǎo)的從句要用虛擬語氣,意為“但愿...要是...就好了”。Onlyifwepersistincarryingouttheopendoorpolicy________weachievegreatersuccess.Ifonlythatphotograph_______________(notmiss)!要是那張照片沒丟該多好！4.原因狀語從句(1)because,since,as和for用法①because,as,since均表“因為”,“由于”。because語氣最強,as語氣較弱,since的語氣最弱。因此,why引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句必須用because回答,because引導(dǎo)的從句還可以用于強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodup.Sinceyouaregoing,Iwillgo,too.②for可引出表示原因的分句,但它是并列連詞,不能放在句首。所起的功能只是一種補充性的說明以作為推斷的理由。Hemustbetired,forhewenttobedearly.(2)seeing(that),nowthat,considering(that),inthat和giventhat也可以用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。Nowthatyouareoldenoughtojudgethings,youshouldstartyourowncareer.Theoryisvaluableinthatitcanprovideadirectionforpractice.理論所以有價值,就在于它能給實踐指出方向。Consideringthatweneededtogettheroofrepaired,Ithinkwepaidtoomuchforthehouse.Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,westilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.5.讓步狀語從句(1)讓步狀語從句主要由連詞although,though,as,eventhough,while,whether…or等引導(dǎo)。Ihadaverygoodtime,although/though/eventhoughIdidn’tknowanybodyattheparty.Whiletherewasnoconclusiveevidence,mostpeoplethoughthewasguilty.Wewillgoonwiththework,whetherwecanfindthenecessarytoolsornot.(2)讓步狀語從句也可以由連詞however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever,nomatterwho,nomatterwhat,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow等引導(dǎo)。Wherever/Nomatterwhereyougo,Iwouldkeepyoupany.(3)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須倒裝,將名詞、形容詞或副詞等提到as前,作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞放在句首時,該名詞前不可加冠詞；若提前的是動詞或分詞,謂語要補加助動詞do,does,did或will等。though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,除了用于自然語序外,也可像as一樣使用。但although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須用正常語序。Kingas/thoughhewas,hewasunhappy.Successfulas/thoughheis,heisnotproud.Muchas/thoughIlikeParis,Icouldn’tlivethere.Losemoneyas/thoughIdid,wegotalotofexperience.考點拓展：though和although不能和but連用,如果要強調(diào)前后兩個部分的對比意義,可在主句前加yet,still或nevertheless。Althoughshehasalotofmoney,yetsheisunhappy.考點拓展：注意辨別名詞性從句和讓步狀語從句。=1\*GB3①連接代詞whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,連接代詞在句中既起連接作用,同時又擔(dān)當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。whatever相當(dāng)于anythingthat,whoever相當(dāng)于anyonewho,whomever相當(dāng)于anyonewhom。②從屬連詞whatever,whoever,however,whenever,wherever,whichever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,相當(dāng)于nomatterwhat(who,how,when,where,which)。6.目的狀語從句(1)sothat和inorderthat①這兩個連詞短語都表示“為了,以便”。sothat從句一般放在主句的后面。inorderthat從句既可放在句首,也可放在主句之后。②如果表示“為了；以便”的目的狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同,就可用inorderto或soasto取代該目的狀語從句。判斷對錯:Shewentdowntowninordertobuysomeclothes. ()Heexplaineditagainandagainsoastounderstand.()(2)forfearthat和incaseforfearthat和incase引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句時,都表示“以防”。incase后的目的狀語從句多用虛擬語氣,但也可用陳述語氣；forfearthat后的目的狀語從句一般要用虛擬語氣(should+動詞原形或省略should直接用動詞原形)。Takeanumbrellawithyouincase/forfearthatitshouldrain/rain.(3)目的狀語從句常用情態(tài)動詞may(might),shall(should),can(could)和will(would)。IhiredaboatsothatIcouldgofishing.Hestudiedhardinorderthathecouldpasstheexam.7.結(jié)果狀語從句(1)so...that和such...that區(qū)別：so為副詞,修飾形容詞或副詞,不可修飾名詞；such是形容詞,修飾名詞。 Hemadeaspeech_______inspiringthateverybodygotexcited.Hehad_______manythingstodothathewasbusyalldaylong.Hemade_______aninspiringspeechthateverybodygotexcited.Itwas_______fineweatherthattheywentoutforapicnic.考點拓展：當(dāng)so或such置于句首時,主句要用倒裝語序。Socleverastudent________hethathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.Such________theforceoftheexplosionthatallthewindowswerebroken.注意：so/such...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句與so/such...as...引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別。=1\*GB3①so/such...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時,that在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用。Itissuchamovingfilmthatweallwanttoseeit.這是一部如此感人的電影以至于我們都想看。=2\*GB3②so/such...as...中,as引導(dǎo)定語從句,as在從句中作主語或賓語。Itissuchamovingfilmasweallwanttosee.這是一部感人的、我們都想看的電影。(2)sothat既可以引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,主要區(qū)別是：目的狀語從句中的動詞前要有may(might),can(could),should和would等情態(tài)動詞,表示某種可能性；而結(jié)果狀語從句則不用,表示的是客觀事實。引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的sothat前常有逗號,而引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的sothat前一般不用逗號。判斷從句類型：Sheleftearly,sothatshecaughtthetrain.(_____________從句)Sheleftearlysothatshecouldcatchthetrain.(_____________從句)8.方式狀語從句(1)as和justas這兩個連詞的意思是“如...,猶如...,正如...”。justas比as的強調(diào)性更強。IwilldoasIamtoldto.Theywatchedherclosely(just)asacatwatchesarat.他們嚴密地監(jiān)視她,就好像貓盯著老鼠那樣。(2)as

if和asthough兩者意義相同,從句可以用陳述語氣,表示可能符合事實的情況,也可以用虛擬語氣,表示不符合事實或與事實相反的情況。詞義相同,“好像,仿佛”。Itseemsasif/thoughit’sgoingtorain.ShetreatsmeasifIwereherbrother.9.比較狀語從句as...as...;notso/as...as...;thesame...as...表示相同程度的比較,肯定句用as...as...,否定句可用notas...as或notso...as。HenryisasdiligentasPeter(isdiligent).Johnisnotastalkativeasheusedtobe.(2)than表示不同程度的比較,主句中用形容詞或副詞的比較級。BillistallerthanBob(is).(3)the＋比較級,the＋比較級,表示“越……就越……”Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked.as和than①as和than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句常常省去同主句相同的部分,只留下相比的部分。BillistallerthanBob(is).Iknowyoubetterthanhe(knowsyou).②as和than連接的從句中,常用替代詞do或其他助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的某種形式代替與主句相同的謂語部分。JackworksashardasJimdoes.Iboughtfewerbooksthanyouwould.考點精講三狀語從句的省略問題(1)如果狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致或從句的主語是it時,而且狀語從句謂語中有be動詞,可以將狀語從句的主語連同be動詞一起省略。Hefellasleepwhile(hewas)doinghishomework.(2)當(dāng)狀語從句中含有itis時,可以將itis省略。etomorrowif(itis)possible.(3)在虛擬條件句中,若含有should,had或were時,可將if省略,但必須把should,had,were放在主語的前面。Hadhearrivedhereintime,hewouldhaveseenMr.Smith.WereIabird,Iwouldflynow.Shouldyouworkitoutintwodays,youwouldgethired.即時訓(xùn)練：If______(give)thesametreatmentagain,heissuretogetwell.When____________(plete),themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.Once________(catch)stealingattheshop,youwillbedismissed.Mothermovedherlipsasif__________(speak).Youcanleavetheworkshopearlier____________(必要的時候).Pleasegetherebefore6:00a.m.___________(如果可能的話).考點精講四并列連詞與從屬連詞分類連詞意義例句注意表并列and和,又,而Imakethepaymentsandkeeptheaccounts.表并列notonly...butalso...不但…而且…Notonlyisthatproblemveryimportant,but(also)itisverydifficulttosolve.Notonlyyoubut(also)Iamtoblame.TheGreatWallismadenotonlyofbricksandstonesbutoffleshandbloodoftheworkingpeople.(1)放在句首時,如果連接一個分句,表示強調(diào),這時要用倒裝句；若連接兩個主語則不用倒裝。(2)連接兩個主語,謂語動詞的形式采用就近原則。(3)連接一個句子的相同的句子成分。表并列aswellas也,又Ateachershouldentertainaswellasteach.Yourbrotheraswellasyouisverykindtome.Weshouldknowaboutwhyweshoulddoitaswellashowtodoitinlearning.(1)連接兩個并列成分作主語時,句子謂語動詞應(yīng)與前面那個名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(2)與漢語語序不盡相同。它所強調(diào)的是前者。表并列both...and..既…又…Bothmybrotherandmysisterrantohelpme.表時間when就在那時Wewereabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.IwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor’sshop.相當(dāng)于andthen,atthattime,justthen,一般置于第二個分句句首,時態(tài)多用過去時。表轉(zhuǎn)折but但是Heisold,buthelooksyoung.but表示轉(zhuǎn)折時,不能與從屬連詞although/though/as/inspiteof/despite出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。表轉(zhuǎn)折yet然而Hegotupearly,(and)yethefailedtocatchtheearlybus.表轉(zhuǎn)折however可是,盡管如此Heknewwhathewanted,however,hedidn’tknowhowtogetit.However,we’lllookintothematter.可置于句首、句中、句末,常用逗號與分句隔開。表轉(zhuǎn)折nevertheless但是Shewasverytired,neverthelessshekeptondoinghomework.表因果so因此Itwasratherlate,sowedecidedtogohome.Shecoughedbadly,(and)soshewenttoseeadoctor.不能與because,since,as同時用在同一個句子中,so指由很清楚的原因?qū)е碌慕Y(jié)果。表因果for因為,由于Itmusthaverainedlastnight,fortheroadisstillwet.只能放在句末,用逗號隔開,表示推斷的理由,是一種補充說明的原因。表因果therefore因此Hebrokethelaw,therefore,hewasputintoprison.為正式的書面用語。指通過嚴密的推理而得出的結(jié)果。表因果thus因此,所以Sheworkedhard,thusshepassedtheexam.指更嚴密的推理,也指直接的結(jié)果。表對比while而Somepeoplelikehotfood,whileotherslikesweetfood.表對比whereas然而Theywanttobuyanewhouse,whereaswewouldratherliveintheoldhouse.表選擇or,orelse,otherwise或者Hurryup,or/orelse/otherwiseyouwillmissthetrain.Dowhatyou’vebeentold,otherwiseyouwillbepunished.Iwasasbusyasabee,otherwise/orIwouldhavehelpedyou.or常用于“祈使句＋or＋簡單句”,這種句型同樣適用于orelse和otherwise。表選擇either...or...要么…要么…Eitheryouorheisright.連接并列主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與最近的主語保持一致。1.(2024年新高考I卷改)I’veetoacceptthat__________goalsIsetformyself,theyjusthavetobemyown.2.(2024年新高考II卷改)IliketravelinginFrance,but__________itcametopickingmyfavoritespottosettle,Italywastheclearwinner.3.(2024年新高考II卷改)__________theycouldneverhavemet,therearemonthemesintheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.4.(2024年浙江卷1月改)Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamilysizethisandmultibuythat.However,__________you’reshoppingforone,buyingextratobenefitfrompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.5.(2