北京市朝陽區(qū)2024~2025學年度第一學期期中質量檢測

高三英語

（考試時間90分鐘滿分100分）

本試卷共10頁?？忌鷦毡卦诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。

第一部分學問運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，駕馭其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項

涂黑。

Lastnightwasthelastgameformyson*ssoccerteam.Everyoneintheteamhadtrainedvery

hardforitandthusconfidentlyexpectedabigwin.

Itwasthefinalquarter.Thescorewastwotoone,myson,steaminthe1Parents

encircledthefield,offeringencouragement.Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolled

infrontofmyson'steammate,Mickey0*Donne11.Withshoutsof"2it!"acrossthefield,

Mickeytookthechanceandgaveiteverythinghehad.Al1roundmethecrowderupted.Hehad3!

However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe4goal,endingthe

gaireinadraw.Foramomenttherewastotal5Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.You

see,MickeyhasDown*ssyndrome,aconditioninwhichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,

andforhimallgoalsshouldbecelebrated.Hehad6beenknowntohugtheopposingplayers

whentheywonapoint.

Notknowingwhatwashappening,Mickeyranovertomysonexcitedly,“Imadeit!Imadeit!

Everybodywon!”ForamomentIheldmybreath,notsurehowmysonwould7Ineednothave

worried.Iwatched,throughtears,myson8hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureand

startedshouting,“WaytogcMickey!WaytogoMickey!rWithinmomentsbothteamssurrounded

Mickey,joiningmysonto9himonhisgoal.

Laterthatnight,whenmydaughteraskedwhohadvon,IsmiledasIreplied,“Itwas

a1（）_____.Everybody1Aon.”

1.A.wayB.positionC.leadD.back

2.A.LeaveB.PickC.ThrowD.Kick

3.A.missedB.scoredC.performedD.slipped

4.A.clearB.wrongC.specificD.decisive

5.A.silenceB.angerC.whisperD.laughter

6.A.ratherB.hardlyC.almostD.even

7.A.admiIB.reactC.guessD.defend

8.A.drewbackB.putdownC.lookedatD.threwup

9.A.congratulateB.comfortC.consultD.instruct

10.A.reliefB.keyC.tieD.pity

【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.D7.B8.D9.A10.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了一個患有唐氏綜合癥的男孩米奇在足球競賽中踢進了烏龍

球，雖然競賽打平，但全部人都認為米奇贏了的故事。

【1題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：比分是二比一，我兒子的隊領先。A.way方法；B.position位置；C.lead榜

樣；領先地位；D.back后背。依據“Thescorewastwotoone,”及下文可知，作者兒子所在的足球隊

短暫領先。故選C。

【2題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：高喊著“踢它！"A.Leave離開；B.Pick撿起；C.Throw扔；I).Kick踢。依

據"Withlessthantensecondsremaining,theballrolledinfrontofmyson,steammate,Mickey

O'Donnell."可知，球到了米奇?奧唐納的腳下，所以全部人都喊他踢球。故選D。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他進球了！A.missed錯過；B.scored得分；C.performed表演；D.slipped

滑倒。依據“However,everyonerealizedimmediatelythatMickeydidit,butinthe__4__goal,

endingthegameinadraw.”可知，米奇?奧唐納進球得分了。故選B。

【4題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，每個人都立刻意識到，米奇做到了，但是錯誤的進球，以平局結束競

賽。A.clear清楚的；B.wrong錯誤的：C.specific明確的：D.decisive確定性的。依據“endingthe

gaireinadraw.”可知，米奇把球踢進錯誤的球門了。故選B。

【5題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一時間，全場萬籟俱寂。A.silence緘默；B.anger生氣；C.whisper低語；

D.laughter笑聲。依據“Theairseemedtobeatastandstill.w可知，全場都很驚異,所以緘默的

萬籟俱寂。故選A。

【6題詳解】

2

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：當對,方球員贏得一分時，他甚至會擁抱對方球員。A.rather相當；B.hardly

幾乎不;C.almost兒乎；D.even甚至。依據“Yousee,MickeyhasDown'ssyndrome,aconditionin

whichapersonisbornwithlearningdifficulties,andforhimal1goalsshouldbecelebrated.n

可知，因為米奇患唐氏綜合癥，所以他甚至在對方進球時也會擁抱對方球員。選D。

【7題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有那么一會兒，我屏住了呼吸，不知道兒子會有什么反應。A.admit承認；B.react

反應；C.guess猜；D.defend防守。依據"ForamomentIheldmybreath,”可知，作者不確定兒子

對這種狀況的反應，故選B。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我淚流滿面地看著兒子舉起手，做了一個經典的擊掌動作，起先大喊：“干

得好，米奇!干得好，米奇！"A.drewback撒回：B.putdown登記；C.lookedat看；D.threwup揚

起。依據"hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,w可知,作者兒子揚起

手歡呼。故選D。

【9題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一會兒，兩支球隊都圍住了米奇，和我兒子一起慶賀他進球。A.congratulate

慶賀；B.comfort勸慰；C.consult請教；【).instruct教化。依據“Iwatched,throughtears,my

son___8___hishandintheclassichigh-fivegestureandstartedshouting,“WaytogoMickey!

WaytogoMickey!””可知，兩支隊伍都加入兒子的歡呼，慶賀米奇進球。故選A。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那天晚上晚些時候，女兒問我誰贏了，我笑著回答：“平局。大家都贏了?！盇.

relief欣慰;B.key關鍵;C.tie平局;D.pity憐憫;憐憫。依據However,everyonerealizedimmediately

thatMickeydidit,butinthe___4___goal,endingthegameinadraw.w可知，競賽結果以平局告

終。故選C。

其次節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下面短文，依據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

InmyearlyyearsatschoolIhadtroublewithsomesubjects.SometimesIwouldgetan"F”

andthatwouldmakeme11(real)scared.WhatIusedtodowasturnthe"F"intoa"B"

12(please)myparents.However,itdidn,tworkoutandfinallyIwascaughtdoingthat.

3

【14題詳解】

考查名詞性從句。句意：約上幾個摯友，在街上悠然地閑逛一一這是很多年輕人在訪問一個新城市時寵愛

做的事情。分析句子結構可知，本句為表語從句。從句缺少賓語，指物，所以用連接代詞*hat引導。故填

whcito

【15題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：參與者可以沿著獨特的城市路途，以自己的節(jié)奏探究城市。句中已有謂語動詞，

所以用非謂語動詞形式。邏輯主語Participants與。xplore之間為主動關系，所以用現在分詞作狀語。故

填exploringo

【16題詳解】

考查名詞的數。句意：與聞名景點和擁擠的人群相比，他們更寵愛在他們參觀的地方獲得更全面的體驗。

名詞spot為可數名詞，泛指很多景點，用復數形式。故填spots。

C

閱讀下面短文，依據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

Technologyisconstantlyadvancing.17weimaginedityearsagocannotkeepupwith

itspaceofdevelopment.Inthepast,autonomousvehicleswerejustapartofmovies,18

thesetechnologiesarenowsuccessfullycomingintobeing.Anautonomouscar,also19(know)

asaself-drivingcar,canperformallfunctionsrelatedtoeverydaydrivingandparking.Itis

atechnologythatsensestheenvironmentand,uponenteringthedestination,20(find)

itswaywithouthumanintervention.

【答案】17.How

18.but19.known

20.finds

【解析】

【導語】木文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了無人駕駛汽車技術的快速發(fā)展和功能的強大。

【17題詳解」

考查主語從句。句意：我們多年前的想象已經跟不上它的發(fā)展步伐。分析句子可知，空處引導名詞性從句

作主句的主語，從句中缺少方式狀語，因此應用連接副詞how作引導詞，且空處位于句首，how的首字母需

大寫。故填How。

【18題詳解】

考查連詞。句意：在過去，無人駕駛汽車只是電影的一部分，但這些技術現在正在勝利地成為現實。前面

5

說明過去無人駕駛汽車仍屬于電影中的場景，還不是現實，后面說明現在這些技術已成為現實，因此前后

語義構成轉折，空處應用意為“但是”的并列連詞but。故填but。

【19題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：無人駕駛汽車，也被稱為自動駕駛汽主，可以執(zhí)行日常駕駛和停車相關的全部功

能。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空處作Anautonomouscar的非限制性后置定語，know和An

autonomouscar邏輯上是被動關系，且動作已完成，因此應用know的過去分詞形式。故填known。

【20題詳解】

考查時態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意：這是一種可以感知環(huán)境的技術，一旦進入目的地，就可以在沒有人為干預的

狀況下找到自己的路。分析句子可知，空處和senses并列，作that引導的定語從句的謂語，時態(tài)為一般

現在時，find也應用笫三人稱單數形式。故填finds。

其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題：每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

Ahearingaidisasmallelectronicdeviceyouwearincrbehindyoureartomakesoundslouder.

Ahearingaidhasthreebasicparts:amicrophoneanamp1ifierandaspeaker.Thehearingaid

receivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchangesthesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsends

themtoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreasesthepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheear

throughaspeaker.Iherearethreestylesofhearingaids.

,Behind-the-ear(BTE)aidsareusedbypeopleofallages.“Mini"BTEisanewkind.These

smallandopen-fitaidsfitbehindtheearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,

enablingthecanaltoremainepen.Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedoesnot

sound“pluggedup”.

,In-the-ear(ITE)aidsfitcompletelyinsidetheouterear.SomeITEaidsmayhaveadded

features,suchasatelecoi1thata11owsuserstoreceivesoundthroughthecircuitryofthehearing

aid,ratherthanthroughitsmicrophone.

?Canalaidsfitintotheearcanalandareavailableintwostyles.In-the-canal(ITC)aids

aremadetofitthesizeandshapeoftheearcanal.Completely-in-canal(CIC)aidsarehidden

intheearcanal.

Thehearingaidthatwillworkbestforyoudependsonyourhearingneedsandlifestyle.Price

6

isalsoakeyconsideration.However,justbecauseonehearingaidismoreexpensivethananother

doesnotnecessarilymeanthatitwi11bettersuityourneeds.Otherfeaturestoconsiderinclude

partsorservicescoveredbytheguarantee,estimatedcostsforrepair,andthehearingaid

coirpanyJsreputationforqualityandservice.

Formoreinformation,contact:nidedinfo^nided.nih.gov.

21.Whathelpsstrengthenthepowerofelectricalsignalsinahearingaid?

A.Themicrophone.B.Theamplifier.

C.Thespeaker.D.Thetelecoil.

22.Ifpreferringahearingaidthatkeepstheearcanalopen,youcanchoose.

A."Mini”BTEB.In-the-earaids

C.In-the-canalaidsD.Completely-in-canalaids

23.Tobuyasuitablehearingaid,youshould______.

A.increaseyourestimatedcostsB.findtheonewithmorefeatures

C.giveintotheafter-saleservicesD.consideryourneedsandlifestyle

【答案】21.B22.A23.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了助聽器的基本構成和三種基本類型（BTE、ITE、Canalaids）以

及適用人群、運用場景和價格等方面的信息。

[21題詳解】

微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據第一段"Thehearingaidreceivessoundthroughamicrophone,whichchanges

thesoundwavestoelectricalsignalsandsendsthorntoanamplifier.Theamplifierincreases

thepowerofthesignalsandsendsthemtotheearthroughaspeaker.（助聽器通過麥克風接收聲

音，麥克風將聲波轉換為電信號并將其發(fā)送到放大器。放大器增加信號的功率，并通過揚聲器將它們送到

耳朵）”可知，放大器有助于增加助聽器內電信號的強度。故選B項。

【22題詳解】

微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據其次段“"Mini"BTEisanewkind.Thesesmallandopen-fitaidsfitbehind

theearcompletely,withanarrowtubeintotheearcanal,enablingthecanaltoremainopen.

Thus,somepeoplepreferitbecausetheirownvoicedocsnotsoundpluggedup".（“迷你”BTE

是一種新型BTE。這些小而開放的幫助設備完全適合耳后，有一個狹窄的管進入耳道，使耳道保持開放。因

此，有些人寵愛它，因為他們自己的聲音聽起來不“堵塞”）”可知，假如更寵愛保持耳道開放的助聽器，

你可以選擇“Mini”BTE。故選A項。

7

【23題詳解】

微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據倒數其次段“Thehearingaidthatwillivorkbestforyoudependsonyourhearing

needsand1ifeslyle.（最適合你的助聽器取決于你的聽力需求知生活方式）”可知，要購買合適的助聽器，

你應當考慮你的需求和生活方式。故選D項。

B

BrianPetersonhadjustmovedtoCalifornia.Outsidehisapartment,ahomelessmanwasoften

shoutingonthestreetcorner,sometimeskeepinghimawakeatnight.Petersonwouldpasstheguy

onhiswaytowork,buttheyneverspoke.

Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbedbythehomelessman.

Inspiredbythebook'scompassionate（有憐憫心的）message,Petersonmadeanunexpecteddecision:

Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.ThehomelessmanwasMattFaris.He'dmoved

toCaliforniatopursueacareerinmusic,butheendeduplivingonthestreet.

“Itwasthestrangestthingtome,“Petersonrecalled."Isawbeautyonthefaceofaman

whchacln*tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstoryinspiredme."Andeven

thoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn,tpaintedinabouteightyears,heaskedifhe

couldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaidyes.

ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,anon-profitorganizationfocused

onbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.Petersonsellstheportraits,putting

theincomeintowhathecallsa“l(fā)oveaccountwforhismodel.Hethenhelpspeopleusethemoney

togetbackontheirfeet.

ManyofPeterson,snewfriendsusethedonationstosecureinunediatenecessities—medical

carehotelrooms,andfood.Farisusedthefundsfromhisportraittorecordanalbum（專輯），

realizinghismusicaldreams.Anothersubject,Sondoval,whohadneverbeenabletofinancially

supportherdaughter,usedthemoneytopayherdaughter*srent.

SinceFacesofSantaAnawasestab1ished,Petersonhaspainted41ofal1theportraits.But

there'smoretothefinishedproductsthanthemoneytheybringtosomeonewho'sdownandout.

He'sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryofthepersoninthepainting,finding

siirilai'itiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymighthaveotherwisestereotyped（持固有

觀念）oroverlooked.uPeopleoftentellme,'Iwastheonethatwouldcrossthestreet.But

Iseehomelesspeopledifferentlynow,'"Petersonsays."Idicin'tknowthatwouldhappen.”

8

24.HowdidPetersonfeciaboutthehomelessmanafterreadingthebook?

A.Annoyed.B.Amazed.C.Concerned.D.Confused.

25.AftertalkingwithFaris,Petersondecidedto.

A.payforhisrentB.recordanalbum

C.gotoanartschoolD.painthisportrait

26.HowdidPetersonhelpthehomeless?

A.Hefoundedanon-profitorganization.B.Heboughtimmediatenecessitiesforthem.

C.Hedonatedmoneytorelatedorganizations.D.Hetaughtthemhowtorealizetheirdreams.

27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Prejudiceblocksdreams.B.Wealthcanmakepeoplewise.

C.Sympathycanbreakstereotypes.D.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講解并描述了藝術家BrianPeterson如何通過肖像畫幫助無家可

歸的人并變更他們的生活的感人故事。

【24題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據文章其次段“Oneday,PetersonwasreadingthebookLoveDoeswhenhewasdisturbed

bythehomelessman.Inspiredbythebook,scompassionate（有憐憫心的）message,Petersonmade

anunexpecteddecision:Hewasgoingtogooutsideandintroducehimself.（一天，Peterson正在

讀《愛的力氣》，這時他被一個流浪漢打攪了。受到書中富有憐惘心的信息的啟發(fā)，Peterson做了一個意想

不到的確定：他要出去介紹自己）”可知，Peterson之前始終對流浪漢的存在感到困擾，而讀完這本書，他

受到了書中憐憫心理念的影響，確定走出去向流浪漢介紹自己，戶最終幫助了流浪漢。由此可知，當Peterson

讀完書后，他對流浪漢充溢擔憂。故選C。

【25題詳解】

微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章第三段“"Itwasthestrangestthingtome,"Petersonrecalled."Isaw

beautyonthefaceofamanwhohadn,tshavedortakenashowerinprobablyayear.Buthisstory

inspiredme."AndeventhoughPeterson,anartschoolgraduate,hadn'tpaintedinabouteight

years,heaskedifhecouldpaintFaris'sportrait（肖像）.Farissaidyes（"這對我來說是最驚

異的事情，"Peterson|可憶說?！拔以谝粋€或許一年都沒刮胡子、沒洗澡的男人臉上看到了美。但他的故

事激勵了我」盡管畢業(yè)于藝術學院的Peterson已經有八年沒有畫過畫了，但他還是問能不能畫一下Earis

的肖像。Faris答應了）”可知，Peterson和Faris溝通之后，確定為他畫一幅肖像畫。故選

9

【26題詳解】

微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據文章第四段“ThisexperienceledPetersontoformFacesofSantaAna,a

non-profitorganizationfocusedonbefriendingandpaintingportraitsofunhousedpeople.（這

段閱歷促使Peterson成立了"FacesofSantaAna"，這是一個非營利組織,致力于幫助無家可歸的人,

并為他們畫肖像）”可知，為了幫助無家可歸的人，Peterson成立了一個非營利組織。故選A。

【27題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據文章最終一段"He，sdiscoveredthatthebuyerstendtoconnecttothestoryof

thepersoninthepainting,findingsimilaritiesandoftenfriendshipwithsomeonetheymight

haveotherwisestereotyped（持固有觀念）oroverlooked.（他發(fā)覺,買家傾向于與畫中人物的故事聯(lián)系

起來，找到相像之處，往往與他們原本可能刻板印象或忽視的人建立友情）”以及全文內容可知，通過畫肖

像，Peterson幫助無家可歸的人打破了人們的固有觀念，讓他們感到被敬重和觀賞。由此推知，這全部的

?切都是源于Peterson最初對流浪漢的憐憫心。故選C。

C

“WhenIstoppedinatourlocaltourismofficeinMontrealtoaskwheretheywouldrecommend

visitorstogotosmell,taste,andlistentothecity,Ijustreceivedblankstares.Theyonly

knewaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecily'sothersensoryattractions,itssoundmarksand

smellmarks,nsaysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas

Msensoryurbanism”.

Aroundtheworld,researcherslikeHowesareinvestigatinghownon-visualinformationdefines

thecharacterofacityandaffectsitslivability.Usingmethodsrangingfromlow-techsound

walkstodatacollecting,wearables（clothingorglassesthatcontaincomputertechnology）,and

virtualreality,they,refightingwhattheyseeasalimitingvisualpreferenceinurbanplanning.

“Justbeingabletocloseyoureyesfor10minutesgivesyouatotal1ydifferentfeeling

abcutaplace,wsaysOguzOner,anacademicandmusician.Hehasspentyearsorganizingsound

walksinIstanbulwhereparticipantsdescribewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyes

covered.Hisresearchhasidentifiedlocationswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedto

strengthenthesoundsofthesea,somethinghewassurprisedtorealizepeoplecouldhardlyhear,

evenalongthewaterfront.

Althoughhisfindingshavenotbeenconsideredintolocalurbanplansyettniskindof

individualfeedback（反饋）aboutthesensoryenvironmentisalreadybeingputtouseinBerlin,

10

wherequietareasidentifiedbycitizensusingafreemobi1eapphavebeenincludedinthecityts

latestnoiseactionplan.

Thebestwaytodeterminehowpeoplereacttodifferentsensoryenvironmentsisasubject

ofsomedebatewithinthefield.Howesandhiscolleaguesareusingobservationandinterviews

todevelopasetofbestpracticesforgoodsensorydesigninpublicspaces.Otherresearchers

aregoingmorehigh-tech,usingwearablestotrackbiologicaldatalikeheart-ratevariability

torevealdifferentsensoryexperiences.

Asdatacollectionaboutpeople,ssensoryexperiencesbecomesmorewidespread,manyofthese

expertswarnthatconcernsaboutprivacyandsurvei1lance（監(jiān)視）needtobetakenintoaccount.

Issuesoffairnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendeterminingwhosesensoryexperiences

arefactoredintoplanning.wSensoryawarenessisnotindependentorsimplybiological;whether

wefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyandsocially,saysMonicaDegen,

anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.

DegencitestheexampleofaLondonneighborhoodwhereinexpensiverestaurantsforlocalyouth

werereplacedbytrendycafes."Itusedtosmolllikefriedchicken,wshesays,butnewer

residentsfoundthatsmel1annoyingratherthanwelcoming."Nowilsine11s1ikethepopularItalian

coffee,cappuccinos.M

28.Theunderlinedphraseublankstares“inParagraph1impliesthat.

A.Montrealislackinginvisualappeal

B.MontrealJsnon-visualinformationisignored

C.thetourismofficersobjecttosensoryurbanism

D.therearetoomanytouristattractionstorecommend

29.Whatcanwelearnfromthspassage?

A.Manymethodsareusedtolimitthevisualpreference.

B.Potentialconcernsaboutcollectingdatacanberelieved.

C.Peoplemayfailtonoticesoundattractionseveninbetterlocations.

D.Individualfeedbackrestrictsthedevelopmentofsensoryenvironment.

30.Whatcanboinferredfromthepassage?

A.People'sperceptionsoftheirsensorysurroundingsaresubjective.

B.Sensoryurbanismneedstofocusondevelopingsensoryfacilities.

C.Sensoryexperienceisdominantinshapingthecharacterofacity.

11

D.Choicesofsensoryattractionsinurbanplanningdependontourists.

【答案】28.B29.C30.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章通過介紹探討者們如何考慮城市中的感官體驗來探討城市規(guī)劃中的一

些新趨勢和挑戰(zhàn)。同時，文中也引用了多位專家的觀點和案例來支持作者的立論。

【28題詳解】

詞句揣測題。依據劃線詞組下文“Theyonlyknowaboutthingstosee,notaboutthecity,sother

sensoryattractions,itssoundmarksandsmellmarks,vsaysHowes,thedirectorofSensoryStudies,

agrowingfieldoftenreferredtoas"sensoryurbanism".（"他們只知道看的東西,不知道城市的

其他感官景點，它的聲音和氣味，”感官探討主任豪斯說。感官探討是一個不斷發(fā)展的領域，通常被稱為

“感官城市主義“）”可知，很多人忽視了城市的其他感官景點，它的聲音和氣味，因此當我在蒙特利爾當

地的旅游辦公室停下來，詢問他們會舉薦游客去哪里聞、嘗、火這座城市的聲音時，我得到的只是茫然的

目光。由此可知，劃線詞組blankstares是“茫然的目光”之意，意味著“蒙特利爾的非視覺信息被忽視

了”。故選B項。

【29題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據第三段“Hehasspentyearsorganizingsoundwalksinistanbulwhereparticipants

describewhattheyhearatdifferentspotswiththeireyescovered.Hisresearchhasidentified

loccitionswhereawaveorgancouldbeconstructedtostrengthenthesoundsofthesea,something

hewassurprisedtorealizepsoplecouldhardlyhear,evenalongthewaterfront.（多年來，他始

終在伊斯坦布爾組織“聲音閑逛”活動，參與者蒙著眼睛描述他們在不同地點聽到的聲音。他的探討己經

確定了可以建立波浪風琴的地點，以增加海浪的聲音，他驚異地發(fā)覺，即使在海濱，人們也幾乎聽不到海

浪的聲音）”可推知，即使在更好的地方，人們也可能不會留意到聲音的吸引力。故選C項。

【30題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據倒數其次段“Issuesoffciirnessandinclusionalsocomeintoplaywhendetermining

whesesensoryexperiencesarefactoredintoplanning.uSensoryawarenessisnotindependentor

siirplybiological;whetherwefindsomethingpleasantornothasbeenshapedculturallyand

socially,wsaysMonicaDegen,anurbanculturalsociologistatBrunelUniversityLondon.（公

允性和包涵性的問題也在確定誰的感官體驗被納入規(guī)劃時發(fā)揮了作用?！案泄僖庾R不是獨立的，也不是簡

潔的生物；我們是否覺得某件事令人歡樂，是由文化和社會塑造的，”倫敦布魯內爾高校（BrunelUniversity

London）的城市文化社會學家莫妮卡?德根（MonicaDegen）說）”可推知，人們對感官環(huán)境的感知是主觀的。

故選A項。

12

D

Inthe1770s,anEnglishdoctorcalledEdwardJennergavehisgardenerJssoncowpox（牛

痘）andthendeliberatelyinfectedhimwithsmallpox（天花）totesthisassumptionthatpeople

whcwerefrequentlyexposedtocowpox,asimilarbutlessseverevirus,wouldavoidcatching

smallpox.Itworkedandcowpoxasthevaccine（疫苗）washighlyeffective."Vaccination"，from

theLatinwordforcow,soonbecamecommonplace.

Challengetrialsarcfornsofresearchwhere,ratherthanrelyingondatafromnatural

infections,weintentionallyexposesomeonetoadiseaseinordertotesttheeffectivenessof

avaccineortreatment.ThingshavechangedalotsinceJenner,stime,ofcourse,whenitwas

notuncommonfordoctorstoconductthiskindofresearch.Evenso,there*sthecontinuoussense

thatthere,ssomethingimmoralaboutmakingsomeoneillonpurpose.

Butthisshouldn,tblindustotheextraordinarypowerofchallengetrials.Theycouldbecome

increasinglyimportantweaponsinthemedicalresearch,inasituationwherevaccinetechnology

isadvancingandthethreatofdiseasesjumpingfromanimalsintohumanbeingsisincreasing.

Muchhasbeendonetoreducetherisksofchallengetrials.Likerespiratorysyncytialvirus

（RSV）,researchershaveinvolvedadultswhoareatalowriskofseverei1Iness.Theseactshave

alreadycutdownamassiverangeofvaccinecandidates.Withtheirhelp,theworldwillsoonhave

thefirstvaccinesagainstRSV,whichkillstensofthousandsofnewbornbabieseachyear.But

notalldiseasesareliketheseones.Wedon,talwaysknowthedangersvolunteersmightface:

wedon,talwayshavetreatmentsready.Whatthen?

Wocould,ofcourse,justavoidthesequestionsentirely,and