第3講題型突破——主旨大意題

I題型分析

I-'-____________________________________________________________________

思維品質體現(xiàn)英語學科核心素養(yǎng)的心智特征，而主旨大意題較好地反映了學生的思維品

質。主旨大意題旨在考查考生通過閱讀文章正確獲取文支主旨，推斷文章的主題、標題、段

落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生以納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既

考查閱讀理解能力，義考查深層次的推理、概括能力。此類題目可分為三大類：標題歸納題、

文章大意題和段落大意題C

【選項特征】

正確選項特征概括性強

范圍恰當

精府到位

概括過度

以偏概全

偷梁換柱

無中生有

解題策略

「I一'______________________________________

技法一標題歸納題

——“高度概括”定標題

記敘文、說明文和議論文三種文體涉及不同話題的閱讀材料都會考查到標題歸納題。

【設問方式】

1.Whatisthebesttitlefor(hetext?

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefor(hetext?

此類試題的解題流程如下：

關鍵詞法——多次出現(xiàn)的詞語

或觀點是體現(xiàn)主旨的關鍵詞

主題句法——依主翹句定中心詞

運用4大穿珠連串法一從文章細節(jié)中

技巧找共同點,如同穿珠般，串聯(lián)細

節(jié)共同點，斷定標眶

逆向思維法一考慮四個選項

標的可能內容，對照原文，最相似

題者為最佳標題

歸

納概括精準

題-融合標即

-統(tǒng)領全文

3大特點

醒目新穎

概括范圍窄,只含某個細節(jié)

排除3種

—概括范圍寬,超出文章內容

干擾項

包含文中未提及的信息

r感悟真題?體驗技法j

（2022?浙江1月C）

Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbutthere*sanewbonustoaddtothe

ever-growinglist.Newresearchfoundthatmiddle-agedwomenwhowerephysicallyfitcouldbe

nearly90percentlesslikelytodevelopdementia（癡呆癥）inlaterlife—andiftheydid,itcameon

adecadelaterthanlesssportywomen.

LeadresearcherDrHelenaHorder,oftheUniversityofGothenburginSweden,said：uThese

findingsarcexcitingbecauseit'spossiblethatimprovingpeople,scardiovascular（心血管的）

fitnessinmiddleagecoulddelayorevenprevent（hemfromdevelopingdementia.n

Forthestudy,191womenwithanaverageageof50tookabicycleexercisetestuntilthey

weretiredouttomeasuretheirpeak（最大值的）cardiovascularcapacity.Theaveragepeakworkload

wasmeasuredat103watts.

Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof120wattsor

higher,while92womenwereinthemediumfitnesscategory.Atotalof59wereoflowfitness

level,withapeakworkloadof80wattsorless,orhavingtheirtestsstoppedbecauseofhealth

problems.

Thesewomenwerethentestedfordementiasixtimesoverthefollowingfourdecades.During

thattime,44ofthewomendevelopeddcmentia.Fivepercentofthehighlyfitwomendeveloped

dementia,comparedto25percentofthewomenwithmediumfitnessand32percentofthewomen

withlowfitness.

44However,thisstudydocsnotshowcauseandeffectbetweencardiovascularfitnessand

dementia,itonlyshowsanassociation,“saidH6rder."Moreresearchisneededtoseeif

improvedfitnesscouldhaveapositiveeffectonihcriskofdcmcniiaandalsoiolooka（when

duringalifetimeahighfitnesslevelismostimportant.Shealsoadmittedthatarelativelysmall

numberofwomenwerestudied,allofwhomwerefromSweden,sotheresultsmightnotbe

applicabletoothergroups.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MoreWomenArcExercisingtoPreventDementia

B.Middle-AgedWomenNeedtoDoMoreExercise

C.FitWomenAreLessLikelytoDevelopDementia

D.BikingImprovesWomen'sCardiovascularFitness

答案C

解析標題歸納題。依據(jù)“穿珠連串”法，由第一段最后一句可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，身體健

康的中年女性在晚年患癡呆癥的可能性要低近90%,而且如果她們患上癡呆癥，與不太喜歡

運動的女性相比，她們患癡呆癥的時間要晚十年。再根據(jù)文章后面幾段通過列舉實臉目的、

過程、方式、結果等，說明了身體健康的中年女性在老年時患癡呆癥的概率會大大降低。故

選C。

技法二文章大意題

——“主題句定位”尋主旨

說明文、記敘文、議論文三種文體涉及的多種話題，如社會文化類、人物故事類、科普

說明類，都會考杳文章大意類題目。

【設問方式】

1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

2.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?

3.Whatdocsthepassagefocuson?

此類試題的解題流程如下：

借助段落主常見位置N段首

［段末

題句歸納

文

章首段（新聞報道、

大借助文章主常見位置.議論文、說明文）

意

題段歸納

題末段（記敘文、議

論文）

\感悟真題?體驗技法」

（2022?全國甲C）

AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefoundherselfgreetedbyagroupoflittleGentoo

［設問方式】

1.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

2.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusabout...?

3.Inthelastparagraph?theauthormainlytellsus.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

5.Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthat.

此類試題的解題流程如下：

段百：說明文和議論文中的主題

句常在段首

首尾兼顧

抓

段尾：先表述細節(jié)，后歸納概

住知段意

括，段落主題句在段尾

段

落段中間：先用一句或兒句話引出要表達的主

主題.再陳述主題，然后論述細節(jié)，即引出主題

題

一段落中心一再論述

句

沒有明顯段落主題句時.需概括段落內容.

總結段落大意

\感悟真題?體驗技法」

（2022?全國甲?D片段）

Sometimeintheearly1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecity

discovereditsharbor.Thcn?oneafteranother,Sydneydiscoveredlotsofthingsthatwerejustsortof

there—broadparks,superbbeaches,andaculturallydiversepopulation.Butitistheharborthat

makesthecity.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Sydney'sstrikingarchitecture.

B.TheculturaldiversityofSydney.

C.ThekeytoSydney,sdevelopment.

D.Sydney'stouristattractionsinthe1960s.

答案C

解析段落大意題。依據(jù)“首尾兼顧知段意”原則，即根據(jù)第一段中的"Sometimeintheearly

1960s,asignificantthinghappenedinSydney,Australia.Thecitydiscovereditsharbor.H以及

“Buiitis（heharbor（hatmakes（hecity.M可知，本段主要介紹了悉尼發(fā)展的關鍵是港口。故選

Co

隨堂演練

I"—一_________________________________________

A

（原創(chuàng)題）選自：ScientificAmerican

Humansarenottheonlyanimalsthatbeardivorce；somebirdsgothroughitaswell.Arecent

studyrevealswhymembersofonesuchspecies,theEurasianbluetit,sometimesbreaktheirbond.

Whenornithologists（鳥類學家）refertowdivorcew,theymeanthatbothmembersofa

breedingpairsurvivetothefollowingbreedingseasonbutenduppairingwithnewpartnersrather

thanreuniting.Greatblueheronsdivorceaftereverybreedingseason,andemperorpenguinssplit

uparound85percentofthetimc.Incontrast,just9percentofmallardduckpairscallitquits,and

albatrossesalmostneverbreakup.Manyresearchershavefocusedonunderstandinghowthese

separationsaffectreproductivesuccess,butuntilnowfewhavefocusedontheprocessitself.

BehavioralecologistCarolGilsenanoftheMaxPlanckInstituteforOrnithologyinGermany

andhercolleaguesmonitoredhundredsofEurasianbluetitsforeightyears,usingartificialnest

boxesinaprotectedforestinsouthernGcrmany.Intheirfindings,publishedinAnimalBehaviour,

64percentofbreedingpairssplitupduringthestudy—eventhoughfaithfulpairsproducedmore

eggsandrearedmorefledglings（幼鳥）.Ifbothmembersofapairreturnedtotheirprevious

territoryaroundthesametime,theyweremorelikelytoreunite：iftheywereondifferent

schedules,（heyweremorelikelytoseparate.

“Ifyouturnupearly,youcan'taffordtowaitaround,“Gilsenansays."Itcouldbethat

yourformermateisinjuredorevendead.Ifyouwait,youmayforgoabreedingopportunity,soyou

needtopairup."Adultdeathrateinbluetitsisextremelyhigh——around50percent——sothebird

thatreturnsfirstismorelikelytobreedagainbyfindinganewpartnerratherthanriskbeingleft

outentirely.Thebirdsseemtobesimplyplayingtheodds.

Theresearchersalsodiscoveredthatifpairsmaintainedcontactoutsidethebreedingseason,

theyweremorelikelytohavesynchronizedschedulesandthereforetoremainfaithfultceach

other.

JoshA.Firth,azoologistattheUniversityofOxford,whowasnotinvolvedwiththestudy,

saysthisanalysisapparentlyrulesoutanumberofotherpossiblecausesofbirddivorce,including

lowreproductivesuccessrates,infidelity,andgeneticorbehavioralcompatibility."Inwildanimal

populations,“hesays,divorcecanbedrivenbyconsequentialeffects—almostaccidentally.w

語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。不僅人可以離婚，自然界中的鳥兒也可以“離婚”，這是因為

一個交配季節(jié)過后，這一對鳥兒就會分開，在下一個交配季節(jié)來臨時，其中一個可能不回來

了，為了繁殖，另一只鳥兒就不再等待，而是去找一個新配偶。

I.Whichbirdsofthefollowingarefaithfultotheirformerpartner?

A.Greatblueherons.

B.Emperorpenguins.

C.Mallardducks.

D.Albatrosses.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。由第二段中的"Incontrast,just9percentofmallardduckpairscallitquits,

andalbatrossesalmostneverbreakup.v可知，信天翁這類鳥幾乎不“離婚”，由此可推斷信天

翁對自己的伴侶是最忠實的。故選D。

2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?

A.TheresultofCarolGilsenan'sfindings.

B.Thereasonwhysomebirdswillfindanewpartner.

C.Thenumberofbirdsthatpairwithnewpartners.

D.Thekindsofbirdsthatbeardivorce.

答案B

解析段落大意題。由第四段第二、三句"hcouldbeIhalyour「ormermaleisinjuredoreven

dead.Ifyouwait,youmayforgoabreedingopportunity,soyouneedtopairup.”可知，本段主

要告訴我們鳥兒為什么在新的交配季節(jié)去找新的伴侶。故選Bo

3.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.BirdsBreakUp

B.Birds

C.Animals

D.HumanandNature

答案A

解析標題歸納題。由第一段第一句"Humansarenoliheonlyanimalsthatbeardivorce;some

birdsgothroughitaswell.”以及下文多次提到鳥兒divorce,breakup,findanewpartner可知，

A項適合作為本文的標題。故選A。

4.Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound?

A.Sciencefiction.B.Newspaper.

C.Magazine.D.Website.

答案C

解析文章出處題。本文主題語境是人與自然，向我們講述了鮮為人知的鳥兒也“離婚”現(xiàn)

象，所以最有可能是雜志上的一篇文章。故選C。

B

(2022?浙江七彩聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)

Forgivenessisimportantinchildrenandadultsforrestoringrelationshipsandlimitingfuture

conflicts.Arecentstudysuggests(hatteachingchildren(ounderstandotherpeople,sperspectives

couldmakeiteasierforthemtolearnhowtoforgiveotherpeople.Thestudyalsofoundthat

teachingchildrentomakesincereapologiescanhelpthemreceiveforgivenessfromothers.

Mulvey,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyatNorthCarolinaStateUniversity,ledthe

study.Herteamenlisted185children,agedbetween5and14,inthestudy.Researchersconductedin

aninterviewwitheachchildthatcollectedbackgroundinformationandassessedthechild's

utheoryofmind”skiHs.Theoryofmindisyourabilitytounderstandthatsomeoneelse'sbeliefs,

intentionsanddesiresaredifferentfromyourown.

Researchersthenledeachchildthroughaseriesofscenarios(設想情況)involvingother

childrenwhoare”in-group”and"out-group”.Specifically,eachparticipantwastoldthey

werepartofagroup,suchasthegreenteam.Duringinterviews,researchersdescribedsome

childrenasalsobeingonthegreenteam(making(hemin-group),whileotherchildrenwereonthe

yellowteam(makingthemout-group).Ineachscenario,interviewersaskedstudyparticipants

whethertheywerewillingtoforgiveagroupthatleftthemoutofagameoractivity.

Therewere(hreemainfindings.First>childrenaremorelikelytoforgivesomeoneifhe/shehas

apologized.Second,childrenaremorelikelytoforgivepeoplewhoare“in-group”.Third,the

moreadvancedachild'stheoryofmindskillsare,themorelikelytheyaretoforgiveothers.

Theresearchersidentifiedtwothingsthatparentsandteachersmaywanttofocusonrelatedto

forgiveness.Oneishelpingkidsunderstandhowimportantitis(oapologizeinameaningful

way.Thesecondfocusareaishelpingkidsunderstandtheperspectivesofotherpeople,evenifthey

aredifferentfromyou.

Mulveysays,uOneofthebiggestimplicationsofourstudyisthatteachersandparentsneed

(oactivelyhelpchildrencultivatetheoryofmindskills,whichwillaidtheminnavigatingadiverse

andcomplexworldinthefuture.n

語篇解讀這是一篇說明文，介紹了北卡羅來納州立大學通過對185名兒童進行觀察，研究

幫助兒童學會寬恕行為的方法。一是教會孩子們進行誠摯的道歉；二是幫助孩子理解其他人

的不同觀點。

5.Whatdoweknowaboutthestudyparticipants?

A.TheyweredividedintoIwogroupsbasedontheage.

B.Theyneededtooffersomeoftheirpersonalinformation.

C.Theyhadtofillinaquestionnaireaboutreal-lifesituations.

D.They(ookpartinagam?oractivitybeforeeachinterview.

答案B

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，參與研究的孩子需要提供個人的背景資料，故

選Bo

6.Accordingtothestudy,childrenaremorelikelytoforgiveothers.

A.fromhighersocialbackgrounds

B.havingthehabitofapologizing

C.withbettertheoryofmindskills

D.belongingtoadifferentgroup

答案C

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，孩子的心理理論技能越高級，他們就越有可

能原諒他人，故選C。

7.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thepossibleeffectofthestudy.

B.Thelimitationofthestudy.

C.Thetheoreticalbasisofthestudy.

D.Thefocusoffuturestudies.

答案A

解析段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內容可知，本段主要講的是這項研究可能產(chǎn)生的影響。故

選Ao

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.ForgivenessHelpsChildrentoLimitFutureConflicts

B.Forgiveness：WhatShouldTeachersandParentsFocuson?

C.StudyOutlinesWaystoHelpChildrenLearnForgiveness

D.ArcYouWillingtoForgiveOthersorReceiveForgiveness?

答案C

解析標題歸納題。通讀全文尤其根據(jù)第一段最后兩句可知，文章主要介紹了最近的一項研

究發(fā)現(xiàn)了如何讓孩子學會寬恕，C項”研究展示了幫助孩子學會寬恕的辦法”切題。故選C。

強化練（六）主旨大意題（1）

A

（2022?河北滄州二模）

WoodyWilliamsofCharlotte,NorthCarolinaissimplyWoodyWilliams,aretiredgraphic

artistandmusicianwhoplaysinlocalclubsandbars.Butonline,the72-year-oldisknownasFunky

Geezer（時里老頭），andhe'sgotmorethan3millionfollowersonTikTokalone!

InDecember2020,WcodywasstayinginhishometoavoidcatchingtheCOVID-19,justlike

everybodyelse.Hefoundhimselfwithmorefreelime（hanusuaLandsincehecouldn'tgoto

performinacluborjamwithanybands,hedecidedtocheckoutwhatwashappeningonline.He

downloadedTikTokanduploadedashortvideoofhimselfdoingalittledance.Thelikesand

commentsstartedpouringin,andbeforeheknewit,hisvideohadbeenviewedmillionsoflimes!

Encouraged,WoodyleanedintohisFunkyGeezerpersona（人設），uploadingmorevideosto

hischannel.Heenjoysconnectingwithpeopleagain,andalwayslovesputtingonashowtomake

otherssmile.

FunkyGeezerhasnowgoneviralmorethanonce?andhe'sgotalargefollowingacrossallof

hissocialchannels.He，sevengettingrequeststobringhisdancemovestoforeignlandstalthough

he'snotsurehe'11betravelingmuchbeyondhisusualcircles.

“IwasaskedtodoshowsinCanada,EnglandandMicronesia,"hesaid."Idon'tevenknow

whereMicronesiais.”

Woodysayshedoesn'trunhis“FunkyGeezerShow"forfameorfortune;hesimplywants

toputasmileonsomeone'sface!”Mymottoistoinspireuntilyoudie,“hesaid,adding,"I

amjustencouraging（henewbiestocomeup,grabtheirguitar,getinvolved,andexpress

themselves.M

語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了70多歲的老人Woody在抖音上發(fā)布短視頻，從

而受到關注的經(jīng)歷和感受C

1.WhydidWoodyuploadashortvideoonTikTok?

A.Topasstime.

B.Toattractfollowers.

C.Toshowadancingstyle.

D.Toproniulclocalclubsandbars.

答案A

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句可知，Woody是國為疫情期間在家無聊，為了打發(fā)時

間才在抖音上發(fā)布短視頻的。故選A項。

2.WhatdidWoodydoafterthesuccessofhisfirstvideo?

A.Heviewedmillionsofvideos.

B.Heencouragedotherstojamwithbands.

C.Hebeganconnectingpeoplewithdancing.

D.Hewentonestepfurthertowardshisnewpersona.

答案D

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"Encouraged,WoodyleanedintohisFunkyGeezer

persona（人設），uploadingmorevideostohischanncLw可知，他進一步塑造了自己的人設。故

選D項。

3.Whatareparagraphs4and5mainlyabout?

A.HowpopularWoodyis.

B.WhereWoodywilltravel.

C.WhatchannelsWoodyuses.

D.WhyWoodymovedabroad.

答案A

解析段落大意題。從第四段中的"FunkyGeezerhasnowgoneviralmorethanonce”以及第

五段中的"IwasaskedtodoshowsinCanada,EnglandandMicronesiav可知，Woody走紅了，

而且還被邀請出國表演，由此可見他很受歡迎。故選A項。

4.WhichisaproperwordtodescribeWoody?

A.Proud.B.Lazy.

C.Sensitive.D.Enthusiastic.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Iamjustencouragingthenewbiestoconicup,grabtheir

guitar,andgetinvolved,expressthemselves.”可知，他把自己跳舞的視頻分享到抖音上，而

且他還想要激勵新手，說明他是充滿熱情的。故選D項。

B

Whatdocsittaketobecomeanastronaut?ittsaquestionthat'sbeenaskedsincethestartof

theSpaceAgeinthe1960s.Inthosedays>pilotswereconsideredthemostwell-trained

professionals,somilitaryflierswerefirstinlinetogotospace.Morerecently,peoplefromawide

rangeofprofessionalbackgrounds-doctors,scientists,andeventeachers—havetrainedtoliveand

workinnear-Earthorbit.Evenso,thoseselectedtogotospacemustmeethighstandards.

Peoplewhowanttobecomeastronautsmustbeintopphysicalcondition.Eachcountry?s

spaceprogramhashealthrequirementsforitsspacetravelers.Theyusuallyassessacandidate's

fitnesstowithstandsomeprettytoughconditions.Forexample,agoodcandidatemusthavethe

abilitytoenduretherigorsoflift-offandtofunctioninweightlessness.Allastronautsmusthave

goodvisualacuityandnormalbloodpressure.Beyondthat,thereisnoagelimit.Mostastronaut

traineesarcbetweentheagesof25and46,althougholderpeoplehavealsoflowntospacelaterin

theircareers.

Peoplewhogotospacearcusuallyscif-confidcnt,risk-takers,adeptatstressmanagementand

multitasking.Theyalsoneedtobeabletoworkaspartofateamforanygivenassignment.On

Earth,astronautsareusuallyrequiredtoperformvariouspubicrelationsduties,suchasspeakingto

thepublic,workingwithotherprofessionals,andsometimeseventestifyingbeforegovernment

officials.So,astronautswhocanrelatewelltomanydifferentkindsofpeopleareseenasvaluable

teammembers.

Often,astronautshaveabackgroundasscientistsandmanyhavehigh-leveldegrees,like

PhDs.Othcrshavemilitarytrainingorspaceindustryexpertise.Regardlessoftheirbackground,

onceanastronautisacceptedintoacountry'sspaceprogram,heorshegoesthroughrigorous

trainingtoactuallyliveandworkinspace.

語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要分析了成為一名宇航員需要具備的條件。

5.Whichofthefollowingisofleastimportancetoanastronaut?

A.Normalbloodpressure.

B.Goodeyesight.

C.Toughbody.

D.Youngage.

答案D

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句可知，成為宇航員并沒有嚴格的年齡限制，甚至有

人在年齡較大的時候也飛往太空，所以相比其他條件，年齡對于宇航員是最不重要的。故選

Do

6.Accordingtothepassage,anastronautisonewho.

A.isstrongandhealthy

B.hasself-confidence

C.canworkundergreatpressure

D.alloftheabove

答案D

解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前三句可知，宇航員需要健康和強壯的身體：根據(jù)第三段第

一句可知，宇航員充滿自信且能承受高壓，故選D。

7.Whyareastronautsaskedtoperformpublicduties?

A.Tomakethemfamousamongpeople.

B.Torelievetheirfeelingsoftension.

C.Toraisetheirawarenessofteamwork.

D.Topromotepublicinterestintheaerospace.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中第二、三、四句可知，宇航員被要求履行公共職責是為了

鍬煉他們的團隊合作能力，提高他們的團隊合作意識，使他們成為團隊中有價值的成員。故

選C。

8.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.EveryoneCanBeanAstronaut

B.TheProfessionalQualitiesofanAstronaut

C.TrainingAstronautsisMuchEasierNowadays

D.It*sNotMysterioustoBeanAstronaut

答案B

解析標題歸納題。文章第一句"Whatdoesiltaketobecomeanastronaut?”以設問的方式引

起下文，是文章的主旨句，接下來具體分析了成為一名宇航員需要具備的專業(yè)素質，包括身

體素質、心理素質、專業(yè)知識等。B項（一名宇航員的專業(yè)素質）符合題意。故選B。

C

（2022?山東臨沂一模）

Whenevaluatingpeopleonvariouspsychologicaltests,psychologistsoftendistinguish

betweenmarkersofabsoluteperformanceandrelativeperformance.Absoluteperformancereflects

therawmeasurementofsomething,likethetimeittakestorunamile.Relativeperformanceishow

apersonratesinrelationtotheirpeers?asinwhatplacearunnergetsinarace.

Thestandardsweusetoevaluateourselvesarealmostalwaysrelative,aswecompare

ourselvestoourpeersandihcstandardsthatarcmostfamiliartous.Forinstance,inmyprivate

practice,IhaveonepatientIwillcall“Omar”whoisdependentonsocialservicesandmakesless

than$30,000peryearathisjob.Whilethislevelofpovertywouldleadmostpeopletowakeup

depressedeachday,OmarisoneofthemostoptimisticandappreciativeindividualsIknow.Why?

Becausemostofhisclosestpeers—hissiblingsandfriendsfromchildhood—havelivesfarworse

thanhis.

IncontrasttoOmar,Ihaveanotherpatient,anadolescentI*11call"Lena”,whosefamily

haspropertyover$5million.Lena,however,livesinanupper-classneighborhoodwhereherfamily

isatthelowerendoftheincomelevel.ThoughLena'sfamilyallowshertoenjoypossessionsand

experiencesthatlessthanIpercentofherpeersacrosstheworldcanshare,sheconsistentlyfeels

“l(fā)essthan".Why?BecauseLenadoesn'tcompareherselftotherestoftheworkl.Thisistoo

abstractanexerciseforher,asitwouldbeformostofus.

Accordingly,whetherapsychologistispsychodynamicorcognitive-behavioral?therapy（夕亍

法）withindividualsstrugglingwithsituationalorpsychclogicaldepressionaimstosolvethe

problemsassociatedwithbasingone'sself-worthoncomparisonswithothers.Psychologiststryto

helppeoplefocusonpersonalgrowtharound（heachievementofconcretegoalsinlinewiththeir

values,independentoftheachievementofothers.Forallofus,definingthesegoals?especially

duringperiodsofemotionalcalm,cangoalongwayinhelpingustoavoidthetrapofrelativitythat

oftenleadstosituationalandpsychologicaldepression.

語篇解讀本文為一篇說明文。主要介紹幸福與比較的關系，文章通過對比兩個例子介紹了

兩個收入不同、幸福感不同的人，說明一個人的幸福通常取決于他們選擇與自己進行比較的

人的類型。最后建議人們要建立自尊，避免不健康的比較。

9.Whatisthefunctionofparagraph1?

A.Toshow(hesignificanceofevaluatingpeople.

B.Tomotivatereaderstostudypsychologicaltests.

C.Tohelppeopleperformwellinpsychologicaltests.

D.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformationonevaluatingpeople.

答案D

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，第一段提供了兩種評估人的標準即“絕對性表現(xiàn)”和

“相對性表現(xiàn)”，為下文作鋪墊。故選D。

10.Whydoestheauthormentionhistwopatients?

A.Tomeasuredifferentachievements.

B.Tointroducethestandardstoevaluatepeople.

C.Toexplainrelativeperformancewithexamples.

D.Tocontrastrelativeperformanceandabsoluteperformance.

答案C

解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句以及下文的介紹可知，作者通過舉例子的方式介紹了

什么叫幸福和收入的相對性表現(xiàn)。故選C。

11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Settinggoalsinlifeisessentialfbreveryone.

B.It'simportanttoavoidunhealthycomparisons.

C.Asenseofachievementcanaffectone'shappiness.

D.Improvingself-worthcanhelpgetridofdepression.

答案B

解析段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，情境性心理抑郁是不健康的比較方式造成

的，所以我們得避免陷入它的陷阱。故選B。

12.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Happiness：Isitallrelative?

B.Self-worth：Isitmeasurable?

C.Self-worth：Isitbasedonefforts?

D.Happiness：Isitassociatedwithachievements?

答案A

解析標題歸納題。通讀分析文章結構可知，第一段介紹通過心理測試評估一個人時，心理

學家通常會區(qū)分絕對性表現(xiàn)和相對性表現(xiàn)的標志。第二、三段通過對比兩個例子，說明一個

人的幸福通常取決于他們選擇與自己進行比較的人的類型。第四段做出總結，對于那些患有

情境性或心理抑郁癥的人經(jīng)常會落入相對論的陷阱，并對自己的價值有一種扭曲的看法。建

議人們要建立自尊，避免不健康的比較。因此，文章主要介紹幸福與比較的相對性關系，故

選Ao

強化練(七)主旨大意題(2)

A

(2022-T8聯(lián)考)

Duringthe1930s,theGreatWarbrokeout.A25-year-okiAmericansoldier,probablynever

thoughtthathislifewouldcnangeforeverwhenhevolunteeredtogotoFrance.

OnenightwhiletheAmericanunitwasreturningtothebaseafterabloodyfight?Suleyman

stumbledinto(heground