濕法冶金過程化學(xué)反應(yīng)重難點(diǎn)答疑Q&AonKeyandDifficultQuestionsofChemicalReactionsinHydrometallurgicalProcess一、常見重點(diǎn)問題答疑I.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedKeyQuestions1.閃鋅礦氧壓浸出的反應(yīng)方程式是什么？反應(yīng)中硫元素的價(jià)態(tài)如何變化？1.Whatisthereactionequationforoxygenpressureleachingofsphalerite?Howdoesthevalencestateofsulfurelementchangeinthereaction?解答：反應(yīng)方程式為ZnS+H?SO?+?O?→ZnSO?+S+H?O。硫元素價(jià)態(tài)由ZnS中的S2?（-2價(jià)）氧化為單質(zhì)硫S?（0價(jià)）。Answer:ThereactionequationisZnS+H?SO?+?O?→ZnSO?+S+H?O.ThevalencestateofsulfurelementisoxidizedfromS2?(-2valence)inZnStoelementalsulfurS?(0valence).2.鋅焙砂酸浸和金礦氰化浸出的溫度控制要求分別是什么？原因是什么？2.Whatarethetemperaturecontrolrequirementsforzinccalcineacidleachingandgoldorecyanideleaching?Why?解答：鋅焙砂酸浸需控制溫度在80-90℃，原因是提高反應(yīng)速率（溫度每升高10℃，反應(yīng)速率提高2倍）；金礦氰化浸出需在常溫下進(jìn)行，原因是避免HCN揮發(fā)帶來的安全與環(huán)保問題。Answer:Thetemperatureofzinccalcineacidleachingneedstobecontrolledat80-90°Ctoincreasethereactionrate(forevery10°Cincreaseintemperature,thereactionrateincreasesby2times);goldorecyanideleachingneedstobecarriedoutatroomtemperaturetoavoidsafetyandenvironmentalprotectionproblemscausedbyHCNvolatilization.二、常見難點(diǎn)問題答疑II.AnswerstoFrequentlyAskedDifficultQuestions1.金礦氰化浸出中絡(luò)合物[Au(CN)?]?的生成機(jī)理是什么？其穩(wěn)定性如何體現(xiàn)？1.Whatistheformationmechanismofcomplex[Au(CN)?]?ingoldorecyanideleaching?Howisitsstabilityreflected?解答：機(jī)理是Au0與CN-通過配位鍵結(jié)合形成穩(wěn)定絡(luò)離子[Au(CN)2]?。其穩(wěn)定性通過穩(wěn)定常數(shù)（K穩(wěn)≈2×1038）體現(xiàn)，高穩(wěn)定常數(shù)確保金能從礦石中高效溶解進(jìn)入溶液。Answer:ThemechanismisthatAu0andCN-combinethroughcoordinationbondstoformastablecomplexion[Au(CN)2]?.Itsstabilityisreflectedbythestabilityconstant(Kstability≈2×1038),andthehighstabilityconstantensuresthatgoldcanbeefficientlydissolvedfromtheoreintothesolution.2.硫酸體系浸出中為何需控制pH在1.5-2.0？若pH異常應(yīng)如何處理？2.WhyshouldthepHbecontrolledat1.5-2.0duringsulfuricacidsystemleaching?WhatshouldbedoneifthepHisabnormal?解答：控制pH在1.5-2.0的原因是防止Fe3?水解生成沉淀，避免影響浸出效率和后續(xù)凈化工序。若pH異常，可通過添加石灰調(diào)節(jié)至目標(biāo)范圍，確保體系穩(wěn)定性。Answer:ThereasonforcontrollingthepHat1.5-2.0istopreventFe3?fromhydrolyzingtoformprecipitateandavoidaffectingleachingefficiencyandsubsequentpurificatio