譯林版英語(yǔ)七年級(jí)上冊(cè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)提優(yōu)——任務(wù)型閱讀、閱讀與問(wèn)答姓名：______得分：______任務(wù)型閱讀（每小題1分，滿分48分）（一）Friendsareimportanttoeveryoneinthisworld.Withfriends,youcanshareyourhappinessandyoursadness."Howtomakefriends"isaquestionforalotofpeople,andherearesomewaystohelpyoumakenewfriends!JoinaclubBeinginaclubislikejoininganotherfamily.Everyonetakescareofoneanother,andyouallhavethesameinterest.Itcanbevolleyballorchess(國(guó)際象棋),swimmingordancing.Youwillbewiththesepeoplethrough(通過(guò))meetings,games,ormealtimes.Anditwillmakethewholeprocess(過(guò)程)ofmakingfriendseasybecauseyoucanknowmoreaboutpeople,andtheycanlearnmoreaboutyoutoo.ShowupYouneverknowwhoyouwillmeetnextinyourlife,soshowyourselfupeverytimeyoucan.Letpeoplefindthegoodinyou,likeyouarekindtoothersandyouwouldliketohelppeopleinneed.Also,don'tbeafraidtospeakyourideasoutinyourclassesorinpublic(公共場(chǎng)合).Thisisawaytofindpeoplewhohavethesameideas.BeagoodlistenerManypeoplemaythinkthattheyneedtohaveinterestingstoriestomakefriends.Butthatisnotenough.Youdon'twanttobethepersonwhoalwayshasabetterstorythananyoneelse.Listeningtootherpeople'sstoriescanhelpyougetclosetothem.Peopleenjoytalkingabouthowgreattheyareorlook.Showthatyouarelisteningbysayingsomethingback.閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。（每空一詞）Waysto

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NewFriendsJoiningaclubBeinga

2

ofaclubislikejoininganotherfamily.Byhavingmeetings,

3

games,orhavingmealstogether,peoplecanknowmoreabouteachother.Itwillbe

4

forpeopletomakefriends.ShowingupShowyourselfupeverytimeyoucan

5

youdon'tknowwhoyouwillmeetnext.Letpeoplefindthegoodinyou,likeyouarekindand

6

.Speakyourideasoutinyourclassesorinpublictofindpeople

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thesameideas.

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agoodlistenerListeningtootherpeople'sstoriescanhelpyouget

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tothem.Peopleliketotalkaboutthemselvesandyouneedtolistentothemand

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somethingback.1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________6.__________7.__________8.__________9.__________10.__________（二）BaduanjinExerciseforChildren(《少兒八段錦》)isanewbookforchildrentodoexercise.Itistheveryfirstofitsexercise.ThebookintroducesoneofthemostpopularnationalChinesefitnessexercises.Bameans"eight",duanmeans"pieces"andjinmeanssomethingbeautifulandsoftlikesilk.Thereareeightmovementsintotal.Peoplearelikebeautifulsilkwhilethey'redoingthesport.BaduanjincandatebacktotheSongDynasty.Itiseasytolearn,anddoesn'ttakemuchspaceortime.Throughdeepandslowbreathing,ourmuscles(肌肉)willrelaxandourmindswillbecalm.It'sahealthysportforbothmenandwomen,youngandold.Itmakesthinpeoplestrongandfatpeopleloseweight.Tomeettheneedsandtastesofyounglearners,thewriterofthebookhasmadesomechangesoftheancientexercise.Thebookisfilledwithsimplewords.Besidesintroducingeachmovement,italsotellsthebasicknowledgeabouthealth,suchashowtodoexercise.Andtherearenotonlythehistoricalbackgroundsbutinterestingstoriesaboutthesportinthebook.ByscanningQRcodes(二維碼)onthepages,readerscanwatchvideosandfollowthemtolearneverymovementofthetraditionalfitnessexercise.NowthebookhasbeentranslatedintoEnglishandRussian.Itbecomespopularinmanycountriesbecauseitishealthy.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。(每空一詞)TheintroductionoftheexerciseAtraditionalChineseexercise:Baduanjin*ThebookBaduanjinExerciseforChildren

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oneofthemostpopularnationalChinesefitnessexercisestochildren.

*Ba,duan,andjinhavedifferent

2

,forexample,jinmakespeoplethinkofsilkwhichissoftandbeautiful.

*Thereare

3

movementsintotal.

4todo

theexercise*Peoplecanlearniteasily5muchspaceortime.

*Throughdeepandslowbreathing,wewillberelaxedand6.Newchangesof

theexercise*Thewriterhasmadesomechangesoftheancientexerciseinordertomeettheneedsandtastesofyoung7.

*Thebookisfilledwithsimplewords.

*Italsotellsthebasichealthknowledgeaboutdoingexercise.

*Thereare8thehistoricalbackgroundsandinterestingstoriesaboutthesportinthebook.Thedevelopment

oftheexercise*ThebookhasbeenintroducedintoEnglandand9.

*Manycountries10thehealthyexercise.1.__________

2.__________

3.__________

4.__________

5.__________6.__________

7.__________

8.__________

9.__________

10.__________（三）(2024·江蘇泰州期末)Before,pocketsonourclotheswerejusttokeepthingsinside.Butnowpocketsareoneofthisyear'sfashiontrends(流行趨勢(shì)).Whyarepocketsthisyear'sfashiontrend?Peopleusuallydon'tneedbagstotakemanythings,likediariesandmapswiththem.Theydon'tuseanymoneynow.Peopleonlyneedphones,andmaybeakey.Pocketsareenoughtocarrythem.Morethanpractical(實(shí)用)Pocketsalsogetustolookattherights(權(quán)利)ofmenandwomen.Hundredsofyearsago,menenjoyedsewn-in(縫在里面的)pocketsintheirclothes.Butwomencouldonlyweartied-on(系上去的)pocketsontheoutside.Therewerenotied-onpocketslater.Butitstillmadesomepeoplefeelthatpocketsweresomethingspecialformen.Fashionableaccessories(飾品)Evenifyoudon'tusepocketstocarrythings,pocketscanmakeusfeelfashionable.DeccanHeraldnewspapersaidpocketsnowhaveallkindsofsizes.Designersalsoputmanybeautifulorspecialpicturesonpockets.MengetbetterpocketsPocketsinwomen'sjeansareusually48%lessdeep,and6.5%slimmerthanmen'sjeanspockets.Only40%ofwomen'sfrontpocketscankeepasmartphone,andnomorethanhalfcankeepawallet.閱讀短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成表格。(每空一詞)Pocketsare

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thisyear

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arepocketsthisyear'sfashiontrend?Peopleusuallydon'tneedbagstotakemanythingswiththem.Theytake

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moneywiththemnow,andtherearenodiariesormaps.Peopleonly

4

phonesandkeys.Pocketsare

5

enough.MorethanpracticalPocketsalsomakeus

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abouttherightsofmenandwomen.Hundredsofyearsago,menenjoyedsewn-inpockets

7

.Butwomencouldonlyweartied-onpocketsontheoutside.Therewerenotied-onpocketslater.Butitstillmadesomepeoplefeelthatpocketswerespecial

8

formen.FashionableaccessoriesEvenifyoudon'tusepocketstocarrythings,pocketscanmakeusfeelfashionable.Pocketsnowhave

9

sizes.Designersalsoputmanybeautifulorspecialpicturesonthem.MengetbetterpocketsPocketsinwomen'sjeansareusually48%lessdeep,and6.5%slimmerthanmen'sjeanspockets.Only40%ofwomen'sfrontpocketscankeepasmartphone,and

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thanhalfcankeepawallet.1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________（四）Youdon'thavetofeelterribleallthetimeonschooldays.Yourschooldayscanbesomeofyourhappiesttime!Yes,itispossible.Letmetellyouwhatyoushoulddo.Makeaplan.Oneveryweekend,takeapieceofpaperandwritedownthetitle"MyPlan".Underit,youwritethedaysoftheweek.Nexttothedaysyoucanwritewhatyoushoulddo.Youshouldgiveyourselfenoughtimeforstudyandsometimeforactivitiesyouliketodo.Listentotheteacherscarefully.Inclass,youhavetolistentotheteacherscarefully.Also,trytoanswerthequestionstheyaskinclassandtalkaboutyourideas.Youwillbesomeoneinterestingfortheteachersandsomeonespecialforyourclassmates.Makefriends.Trytomakefriendswithyourclassmates.Iftheydon'tliketomakefriendswithyou,it'sfine.Noticeifthereissomeonewhomyoufeelyoucanbefriendswith.Shareworries.Ifyouwanttodosomethingoryoufeelbadthesedays,youcandiscussitwiththefriendyoutrust.Itisveryhelpfultohaveabestfriendwhocanreachforyourhandandtouchyourheart.Bekindtoothers.Inviteyourfriendstoyourhomeoraskthemifthey'dliketohangoutwithyou.Othertimes,dohomeworkwiththeminthesameplace.Youcouldgivethemideasandtheymayhavehelpfulthoughtsthatwouldhelpyou.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,完成下面的思維導(dǎo)圖。每空一詞。1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________（五）Manyteenagerswanttolearnhowtomanagemoneybeforegoingoutintotheworld.Thefollowingissomeadvice.Makemoney.Askparentsorneighborsifyoucandochorestomakepocketmoney.Youmaywashacarorsendnewspapers.Youmayhelpthemwaterflowersoragarden.Nametheprice.Ifyoudodifferentjobs,youmayaskfordifferentprices.Inthisway,youcanalsoimproveyourcommunication(交流)skills,whichwillhelpwhenyouhaveagrown-upjobtoo.Makemoneygrow.Moneycan'tgrowifit'ssittinginsideapiggybank.Putyourmoneyinthebankandyoucangetinterest(利息).Saveyourmoneyinthelongrun.Onedayyoumayfeelsurprisedathowmuchmoneyyouhave.Makeaplan.Ifyouhaveabigevent,suchasaholidaycomingup,itmightmeanyouwillneedtospendmoreofyourpocketmoney.Trymakingaplanforspendingandsaving.Writedownhowmuchmoneyyouhaveandwhatyouarespending.Thenitwillhelpyoutakecontrol(控制)ofyourmoney.Spendwisely.Figureouthowmuchyoucanspendeachmonth.Spendyourmoneyonwhatyoutrulyneed.Thentrytocutdownonspending.Forexample,ratherthaneatingout,youcanchoosetocookathome.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,完成下面的思維導(dǎo)圖。每空一詞。1.__________2.__________3.__________4.__________5.__________（六）Doyouhavelunchatschool?Doyoulikehavinglunchatschool?SchoolmealsareahottopicintheUKthesedays.Somepeoplethinkthatschoolmealsarenothealthy,somepeoplesaythattheyaremuchbetternow,andotherssaythattheyshouldbefreeforalltheschoolchildren.Whatdoesaschoolmealmean?Aschoolmealisamealusuallyincluding(包含)amaincourse,adessert(甜點(diǎn))andadrink.Schoolmealsmustincludefoodgroupssuchasfruitandvegetables,protein(forexamplemeat,fishorcheese)andcarbohydrate(forexamplericeorpasta).Therearerulesabouthowpeoplepreparethefood.Forexample,therearelimits(限制)onhowmuchfried(油炸的)meatstudentseatatschool.Doalltheschoolchildrenhaveschoolmeals?MorethanathirdofBritishschoolchildrenhaveschoolmeals.Sometakeapacked(打包的)lunchpreparedathome.Otherseitherhavelunchathomeoreatatnearbytakeawayrestaurants.Whatisthefutureforschoolmeals?PeopleplantoexamineschoolmealsintheUKandlookforwaystomakethembetter.Forexample,HenryDimblebyandJohnVincentstarted"Leon",achain(連鎖)ofrestaurantswhichaimtosellhealthyfastfood.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容在表格中的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。注意：第1—7題每個(gè)空格只填一個(gè)單詞；第8題詞數(shù)不限。SchoolmealsintheUKPeople's1_____aboutschoolmealsSomethinkthattheyare2_____.Somethinkthattheyaremuchbetternow.Othersdon'tthinkstudentsshould3_____forthem.Themeaning（含義）ofaschoolmealItmeanslunchoramiddaymeal.Itusuallyincludesamaincourse,adessertanda4_____.Therearesomerulesabouthowto5_____food.ThewaysstudentshavetheirlunchonweekdaysOverathirdofthestudentshaveschoolmeals.Sometaketheirpackedlunchfrom6_____.Otherseatoutsideschoolorathome.ThefutureforschoolmealsThereare7_____andwaystomakethembetter.Whatdoyouthinkschoolmealsshouldbelike?

8_____1.________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________________________________ 閱讀與回答問(wèn)題（每小題2分，滿分60分）（一）(2025·江蘇揚(yáng)州期末)Atherfamily'sstore,CarmenGarzawentoverherdanceinherhead.Shehadbeenpractisingallweek.Thenextdayshewouldaudition(試演)forTheSpanishDoll,aflamencoshowatherdanceschool.Carmendreamedofplayingtheleadpart.MamaenteredthestoreandhandedCarmenabox."Whatdidyoubuyme,Mama?"Carmenasked.Carmenopenedthebox."Newflamencoshoes!Theyaresopretty!"saidCarmen.Sheputtheshoeson.Shemovedonearmoverherhead.Sheheldherheadhighanddanced.Shedidnotcareifanyonesawher.Shewantedtotryouthernewshoes.CarmenturnedandsawAinaSotoholdingbreadandeggs.Carmenstoppeddancing.Ainawenttodanceschoolonscholarship.Shewasalsotryingoutfortheleadpart.Ainasetdowntheeggsandbread."CanIputtheseonouraccount?"sheasked.Carmen'spapasmiledatAina.Hewrotethepriceinabook.CarmensawherpapaputasweetintoAina'sbagwiththefood.BeforeAinaleft,shesaidtoCarmen,"Goodluckwiththeaudition.Mayyourdreamscometrue!""Youtoo,"Carmensaid.Butshedidnotunderstand."WhydidAinashowunexpectedkindness(意想不到的善意)tome?"SurelyshemustwanttoplaytheleadpartasmuchasCarmendid.Attheaudition,Carmenthoughtofallherfamilymemberswhowantedhertodowell.SherememberedhowevenAinahadwishedhergoodluck.Carmen'snamewascalled.Shetookherplaceonstage.Whenthemusicstopped,Carmenleftthestage.Shehadmissedsomebeats.Butshefeltpleasedwithherdance.Carmenheardsomeonecryingwhenshewalkedoutthebackdoor.Aina'sshoesbrokeoff,andshecouldn'taudition.CarmentookoffhershoesandhandedthemtoAina.Ainastoodup."Youareverykind.Iwilltakegoodcareofyourshoes,"shesaid.CarmenthoughtAinawouldmakeabeautifulSpanishdoll.Carmensaid,"Mayyourdreamscometrue!"—TakenfromTheSpanishDollofBarcelona1.WhatdidCarmen'smamabuyforCarmen?2.HowdidCarmenprepareforthecomingaudition?3.WhydidCarmenstopdancingwhenshesawAina?4.Whatwastheunexpectedkindness?5.WhatdoyouthinkofCarmen?（二）(2024·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江中考)WheatStrawPainting(麥稈畫(huà))firstappearedintheSuiandTangdynasties.Today,somepeoplearestillinterestedinit,andZhangLiisoneofthem.ShebecameinterestedinWheatStrawPaintingwhenshewas16yearsold.In2015,shesetupherownworkroom.Now,ZhangLirealizesthatWheatStrawPaintingiswhatshewantstodofortherestofherlife.Shecollectslotsofwheatstrawinthecountryside.Shedriesthestrawinthesunandthencutsitbyhand.Colourfulstraws,likered,orangeandbrowncanbefoundinherartworks."Theyareallnatural,"ZhangLisaid.Differentcoloursmakeherpaintingsbeautiful.InordertodevelopWheatStrawPainting,shecameupwiththeideaofmixingitwithothertraditionalChineseart.SoshespenttwoyearslearningSuzhouembroidery(蘇繡)fromsomefamousartists.Oneofhergreatestworksisabirdamongflowers.Ittookherthewholeyeartofinish(完成)it.Thebird'ssmooth-shinyandcolourfulfeathersaremadeofwheatstraw,whiletheflowersaremadeofsilk."Inmyworks,youwillfindpaintingsandembroideriesmixwell,"saidZhangLi.Throughgreateffort(努力),ZhangLisuccessfullybroughtWheatStrawPaintingtopeople'sattention.Shesaid,"WhatIhavedoneisjusttheverybeginning.Thereisstillalongwaytogo."每題答案不超過(guò)7個(gè)單詞。1.WhendidZhangLisetupherownworkroom?2.WheredoesZhangLicollectlotsofwheatstraw?3.WhatmakesZhangLi'spaintingsbeautiful?4.WhodidZhangLilearnSuzhouembroideryfrom?5.WhatdoesZhangLimeanbytheunderlined(畫(huà)線的)words?（三）Ontheseconddayoftheirjourney(旅行),theycometoaforest.It'sverybiganddark.They'realittleafraidbuttheyknowthattheymustgothroughit.TheScarecrowgoesfirst.Hefindsaspacebetweentwobigtrees."Comeon!"hesays."Wecangoinhere."Suddenly,abigbranch(樹(shù)枝)ofoneofthetreesbends(彎腰)down,pickshimupandthrowshimontheground.Hefindsanotherspaceandtriesagain.Thesamethinghappens.Abranchbendsdown,pickshimupandthrowshimontheground."That'sstrange,"Dorothysays."Whatcanwedo?""Letmetry!"theTinWoodmansays.Hegoesuptothefirsttree.Whenthebranchbendsdowntopickhimup,hecutsitoffwithhisaxe(斧頭).Thetreestartsshaking(搖晃).TheTinWoodmanquicklyrunsunderitsbranchesandgoesintotheforest."Followme!"heshouts."Thesetreesarethepolicemenoftheforest.It'stheirjobtokeeppeopleout."Theothertreesdon'thurtthemandthefriendswalkthroughtheforestwithoutanyproblems.Whentheycomeoutofit,theyseeahighwallinfrontofthem.It'smadeofwhitechina."Wemustclimboverit,"theScarecrowsays."Butwehaven'tgotaladder(梯子).""Icanmakeone,"theTinWoodmansays.Hegoesandlooksforsomewoodintheforest.Dorothy,TotoandtheLionaretired.Theyliedownonthegrassandsleep.Theladderisreadywhentheywakeup.Onebyonetheyclimbit.Soontheyareallsittingontopofthechinawall.Theylookatthecountryinfrontofthem.It'sflatandwhite,likeaplate.Therearemanysmallhousesmadeofchina.They'rehalfthesizeofDorothy.They'repaintedinbrightcolours.每題答案不超過(guò)6個(gè)單詞。1.WhatdoestheScarecrowfindwhenhegoesfirst?2.Whohelpsothersgothroughtheforest?3.Whatarethesetrees?4.Whatistheirladdermadeof?5.Howbigarethesmallhousesinthecountry?（四）Doyoulikevisitingmuseums?Doyouenjoygettingtoseeallofthedifferentculturalrelics(文物)inthemuseums?Thesedays,someChinesemuseumsstartedsellingarchaeologicalblindboxes(考古盲盒).Fromtheseboxes,youcandig(挖)out"culturalrelics"byyourself!AndyoucanlearnmoreaboutChinesecultureinthisway.Whatarearchaeologicalblindboxes?Theseboxesare"blind"—thatistosay,youcan'tseewhat'sinabox.So,itcanbefunandexcitingtoopenthem.Anarchaeologicalblindboxusuallyhasareplica(仿制品)ofaculturalrelicinside.Itcomeswithadiggingtool(工具)andasmallbrush.The"culturalrelic"isunderthesoil(泥土).Youcandigitoutwiththetool.Then,youcanusethebrushtocleanthesoilaway.Archaeologicalblindboxescanbefoundandboughtatmuseumgiftshopsandonlinestores.Theseboxesbecomepopularwithmanyyoungpeople."WhenIwasdigginginthesoil,"saidonebuyer,"Ifeltlikearealarchaeologist."1.Whyarearchaeologicalblindboxescalled"blind"?_______________________________________________________________________ 2.Howwillyoufeelwhenopeningarchaeologicalblindboxes?_______________________________________________________________________ 3.Whattoolscanyouusetodigitoutandcleanthesoil?_______________________________________________________________________ 4.Wherecanyoubuyarchaeologicalblindboxes?_______________________________________________________________________ 5.Willyoubuyarchaeologicalblindboxes?Whyorwhynot?_______________________________________________________________________ （五）(2025·江蘇揚(yáng)州一模)Therainpoureddownagain.Maryhatedit—shecouldn'tgooutinthebadweather.ShelookedoutofthewindowandaskedMartha,oneofherservants(仆人),"Whatdoyoudowhenitrainslikethis?""Eh!Mostofusprefertostayinsideandread,"Marthaanswered."ButDickongoesoutjustthesameasifthesunwasshining.Hesaysheseesthingsonrainydaysastheydon'tshowonfinedays.Heoncefoundawounded(受傷的)foxandbroughtithome."Maryforgottherainasshelistened.Sheevenbegantofeelslightlyinterestedandsaidbeforeshethought,"IwishIhadafox.ButIhavenothing."ThenextmorningMarywoketobrightsunshineandranoutside.Then,shefoundaboywhistlingashedug.WhenhesawMary,hetouchedhiscap(帽子)."I'mDickon,"hesaid."Theonewhohelpsanimals?"sheasked."Aye,I'mtheirfriend,"hesaid.Thenarobinhopped(跳)tohisshoulder(肩膀)."ThisisCaptain.Heshowedmewheretheburied(埋藏的)keyis."Mary'sheartbeatquickly."Key?""Yes,forthegarden,"saidDickon."Captain'snestisintherosesclimbingoverthewall.WhenIwasweeding(除雜草)below,hekeptflyingtoaplaceundertheleaves.Idug(挖)thereandfoundthekey."MarytookthekeyDickonhandedover.Itwasarusted(生銹的)one,whichseemedtokeepasecret.Theywalkedaroundthewalledgardenandfoundahalf-buriedstonedoor.Maryputthekeyintothelock.Whenthedoorfinallyopened,sunlightshonethroughtheroses,brighteningthequietgardenfullofweeds.—TakenfromTheSecretGarden每題答案不超過(guò)10個(gè)單詞。1.WhydidDickongooutonrainydays?2.HowdidMaryfeelwhensheheardofDickon'sstory?3.WheredidDickonfindtheburiedkey?4.Whatwasthegardenlikewhentheywentin?5.WhatdoyouthinkofDickon/Mary?Andwhy?（六）(2025·山東煙臺(tái)一模)“Studywithme”livestreams(直播),anewwayoflearning,arerisingonlinethesedays.Intheselivestreams,livestreamers(主播)usuallypointtheircamerasattheirdesks,showingtheirstudyhabitstoviewers,whocanstudyalongwiththelivestreamersinvideos.ZhangQiuyang,agirlfromChengdu,SichuanProvince,wasafanof"studywithme"livestreams."WhenIfeelsomethingasdifficult—likestudying—Ibecomeworriedanddon'twanttostart,"sheexplained."However,watchingsomeoneelseactivelyworkonthattask(任務(wù))throughavideohelpedmeknowthatitwasnotaschallengingasIthought."Aboutayearandahalfago,Zhangbeganmakingherownvideosinthisarea.Shehasgotnearly30,000followersbytheendof2024.Throughthisprocess,shefoundevengreaterbenefits(利益).Forexample,asa"studywithme"livestreamer,shehastosetspecifictimes."Ineedtogiveacleartimetabletomyfansandfinishthetaskontime,"Zhangexplained."InthepastIneverthoughtaboutsuchawayofusingtime."Besides,"Whenyourealize(意識(shí)到)thatmanypeoplearoundtheworldarefacingthesameproblems,youunderstandyouarenotfightingalonesoyoukeepgoing,"shesaid.Afterlivestreaming,Zhangalsopaidspecialattentiontothemessagesandideasfromotherviewers,manyofwhomsharedopinionsandstudyschedules(日程)."Manyideasarereallyhelpfulforthelivestreamers'study."However,noteveryoneenjoyslearningwithlivestreamers.WangXia,a16-year-oldhighschoolstudentfromChongqingNo.8SecondarySchool,isnotinterestedinsuchlivestreamsatall.Hesaid,"Iprefertostudyinaquietplaceratherthanstudywithothers