Ni—W-CoSiC復合材料磨損特性與磨損機制

Abstract：Withtheincreasingdemandforhigh-performance

materialsinaviation,aerospaceandotherfields,metalmatrix

composites(MMC)havebeenwidelyusedfortheirexcellent

mechanicalproperties.Amongthem,Ni-W-CoSiCcomposite

materialhasreceivedextensiveattentionduetoitshighhardness,

wearresistanceandgoodthermalstability.Inthispaper,thewear

characteristicsandwearmechanismsofNi-W-CoSiCcomposite

materialswerestudiedbymeansoftribologicaltestsandSEM

analysis.

Keywords：Ni-W-CoSiC,compositematerial,wear

characteristics,wearmechanism

Introduction

Metalmatrixcomposites(MMC)areatypeofcompositematerial

thatcombinestheadvantagesofmetalandceramicmaterials,and

arewidelyusedinthefieldsofaviation,aerospace,electronics,

andautomobilesduetotheirexcellentmechanicalproperties.

However,thewearandfailureofMMCmaterialshavebecomea

keyissuerestrictingtheirapplication.Ni-W-CoSiCcomposite

materialisakindofMMCwithexcellentwearresistanceandgood

thermalstability,whichhasattractedextensiveattentioninrecent

years.Inviewoftheimportanceofwearpropertiesformaterial

performance,thispaperstudiesthewearcharacteristicsandwear

mechanismsofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerial.

Experiment

Materialspreparation:TheNi-W-Comatrixwaspreparedby

vacuumarcmelting,andthentheSiCparticleswereaddedby

powdermetallurgy.TheNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialwas

preparedbyhotpressingat13()0℃underapressureof3()MPafor

1hour.

Tribologicaltest:Aball-on-disktribometerwasusedtoperform

weartestsunderdryslidingconditions.TheloadwassettoION,

20N,and30N,respectively,andtheslidingspeedwas100rpm.

Thewearratewasobtainedbymeasuringthemasslossofthe

sampleafterthetest.

SEManalysis:Thewornsurfacemorphologyandelenienlal

compositionwereanalyzedbyscanningelectronmicroscopy.

ResultandDiscussion

ThewearrateofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialdecreaseswith

theincreaseofload,whichisduetotheincreaseofthecontactarea

betweentheballandthedisksurface,andtheincreaseofthe

plasticdeformationandfractureofthematerial.Whentheloadis

30N,thewearrateofthecompositematerialdecreasestothe

lowestvalue.Thespecificwearrateis4.65x10-5mm3/N-m,which

is50%lowerthanthatoftheNi-W-Comatrix(9.36x10-5

mm3/N-m).

SEManalysisshowsthatwiththeincreaseofload,theworn

surfacemorphologyoftheNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerial

changesfromtheinitialtypicalbrittlefracturetothemixed

fracturethatisbothbrittleandductile.Thewearmechanismofthe

compositematerialismainlyplasticdeformation,microcutting

wearandmicroplowingwear.SiCparticlesplayarolein

strengtheningthecompositematerialandimprovingthewear

resistance.Whentheloadis30N,thefracturedSiCparticlesform

aprotectivelayeronthewornsurface,whicheffectivelyreduces

thewearandprolongstheservicelifeofthematerial.

Conclusion

Ni-W-CoSiCcompositematerialhasexcellentwearresistanceand

goodthermalstability.Thewearrateofthecompositematerial

decreaseswiththeincreaseofload,whichismainlyduetothe

increaseofcontactareaandplasticdeforniationandfractureofthe

material.Thewearmechanismofthecompositematerialismainly

plasticdeformation,microcuttingwearandmicroplowingwear.

SiCparticlesplayanimportantroleinimprovingthewear

resistanceofthematerial.Whentheloadis30N,thefracturedSiC

particlesformaprotectivelayeronthewornsurface,which

effectivelyreducesthewearofthematerial.Theseresultsprovide

atheoreticalbasisforthedevelopmentandapplicationofNi-W-Co

SiCcompositematerials.Inadditiontothewearcharacteristicsand

mechanisms,theoptimizationofthepreparationprocessand

compositionofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialcanfurther

improveitswearresistanceandextenditsservicelife.Forexample,

increasingthecontentofSiCparticlescanenhancethe

reinforcementeffectandpromotetheformationofaprotective

layer.Meanwhile,theoptimizationofhotpressingparameters,

suchastemperatureandpressure,canimprovethedensityand

distributionofSiCparticlesinthemetalmatrix,whichcanfurther

enhanceitswearresistance.

Moreover,inpracticalapplications,thelubricationandcooling

conditionsalsohaveasignificantimpactonthewearpropertiesof

thecompositematerial.Properlubricationandcoolingcanreduce

thecontacttemperatureandfrictionalforcebetweentheballand

disk,whichcaneffectivelydecreasethewearrateandpreventthe

materialfromthermaldamage.

Inconclusion,Ni-W-CoSiCcompositematerialhasexcellentwear

resistanceandgoodthermalstability,anditswearcharacteristics

andmechanismshavebeenstudiedinthispaperthrough

tribologicaltestsandSEManalysis.However,further

investigationsandoplimizalioiisareneededtoexplorethefull

potentialofthismaterial,includingtheeffectofdifferentloading

conditionsandlubricationandcoolingstrategies,aswellasthe

modificationofthepreparationprocessandcomposition.In

addition,theeffectofdifferentslidingspeedsandloadsonthe

wearbehaviorofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialshouldbe

investigated.Underdifferentworkingconditions,thewear

mechanismofthematerialmayvary.Forinstance,inhigh-speed

sliding,thedominantwearmechanismcouldbetheadhesionofthe

surfaceduetothehighinterfacialtemperature,whileinlow-speed

sliding,abrasivewearwouldprevailduetothecontactwith

particlesorasperitiesonthecounterface.

Furthermore,surfacemodificationtechniquescanalsobeapplied

toimprovethewearresistanceanddurabilityofthematerial.

Thermalspraying,lasercladding,andelectroplatingcanbeusedto

depositalayerofwear-resistantmaterialonthesurfaceofthe

composite.Thesesurfacecoatingscanenhancethesurface

hardness,reducethefrictioncoefficient,andprovidebetter

corrosionresistance.

Insummary,thedevelopmentofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerial

hasshowngreatpotentialinthefieldofwear-resistantmaterials.

Theoptimizationofpreparationprocess,composition,and

lubricationandcoolingstrategy,aswellastheinvestigationofthe

effectofdifferentslidingspeedsandloads,andsurface

modificationtechniques,allhavesignificantimplicationsfor

enhancingthewearresistanceandextendingtheservicelifeofthe

material.Anotherimportantfactortoconsiderinthewearbehavior

ofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialisthenatureofthe

counlerfacemalerial.Thepropertiesofthecourilerfacematerial

cansignificantlyinfluencethewearratesofthecompositematerial.

Thesurfaceroughness,hardness,andchemicalcompositionofthe

counterfacematerialcanallplayaroleindeterminingthewear

behavior.

Forinstance,whenslidingagainstasoftermaterialsuchasa

polymer,thecompositematerialmayexperiencesignificantwear

duetothepolymeradheringtothesurfaceandinducingabrasive

wear.Ontheotherhand,whenslidingagainstahardermaterial

suchassteelorceramics,thecompositematerialmayexhibit

performanceenhancementsduetothepresenceofaprotective

oxidelayerformedonthesurface.

Therefore,theselectionofappropriatecounterfacematerialsis

crucialinoptimizingthewearpropertiesofthecompositematerial.

Additionally,itisimportanttoconsiderthelubricationandcooling

strategyinordertoreducetheinterfacialtemperature,whichcan

greatlyinfluencethewearbehavior.

TheapplicationofNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialextends

beyondthefieldofwear-resistantmaterials.Italsohaspotential

usesinaerospace,automotive,andelectronicindustriesduetoits

excellentpropertiessuchashighstrength,thermalstability,and

corrosionresistance.Asresearchanddevelopmentcontinue,itis

expectedthatthismaterialwillcontinuetofindnewapplications

andhaveasignificantimpactonvariousindustries.Oneareaof

potentialapplicationforNi-W-CoSiCcompositematerialisinthe

aerospaceindustry.Thematerial'shighstrengthandthermal

stabilitymakeitidealforuseincomponentssuchasturbineblades

andexhaustnozzles,wherehighlemperaluresandstressesare

present.Additionally,thewearresistanceofthematerialwould

providealongerservicelifeforsuchcomponents,reducing

maintenancerequirementsandcosts.

Intheautomotiveindustry,themateriaLscorrosionresistanceand

wearpr