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IELTS寫作之替換工程(適合骨灰級玩家)
大作文替換方式集合
名詞
序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式
1Thingsthatonetriesone,sundertakings/one'scommitments
hardtodo
2Thefactisthat…Therealityisthat
3joyhappiness/delight/enjoyment
4sadnesssorrow/grief
5dangerhazard/peril(后面這個詞語氣很強,危險程度
非同一般)[派生]dangerous;hazardous
6education^schooling(指學校教育,家庭教育則用
upbringing/parenting)[區(qū)分]家庭教育的兩個
詞upbringing和parenting的區(qū)別在于:
川)bringing是從孩子的角度說的;而parenting
是從家長的角度來說,比如sensibleparenting
7advertisemcnt/acver如果你寫過關(guān)于廣告的題目,就一定體會過不停
tising輪換使用advertisement/advertising有多郁
悶。其實主體論斷中完全可以把廣告種類細化,
比如commercials(電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告),
flyers(傳單廣告,北京最常見的形式就
是“135****,辦證”),bi11boards(大幅的廣告
牌)或者nnr)-profit
advertisements=public-interest
advertisements(公益廣告)
8carautomobile
9famouspeoplecelebrities(單數(shù)為colebrity)
10humanbeings(被考生humanily(注意這個詞的單數(shù)指人類,復數(shù)指人
使用過多)文學科)/thehumanrace
11wealthfortune(s)(fortune作財富的意思時可以加復
數(shù))
12[相關(guān)]richwealthy/affluent(adj.)
13skill七lechnique(注意這個詞的正確解釋是技能或
者方法,而不是technology科技)
14[派生]skilledadept/adroit(adj.)
15methodmethodology(國外學術(shù)寫作中超級常用的詞,基
本就是melhod的故作高深版)
16understandingofgraspof/commandof
17choiceoption
18cooperation^collaboration
19basicstructureinainfrastructure
cityoracountry
20tirednessforalongfatigue
time
21isamustforsprerequisite「or(是的必備先決條件)
22theInternety(一篇考生作文里
Internet被使用十幾次是常事兒)
23honesty^integrity
24strongbelieffaith(in)
25aimintention
26worriesanxieties(是的,這兩個詞的確都可以加復數(shù))
27influenceimpact/repercussion/iniplicalion
28influenceoneach(類似的表達還有
othermutualrespect,mutualtrust利mutual
understanding/interactionbetweenAandB/
interplaybetweenAandB)
29manydifferentkindsavarietyof…/awidearrayof---/awiderange
of…of…
30wrongideasheldbymisconceptions
manypeople
31range^spectrum
32sense^reuognilion
33partcomponent(這個詞不僅指零件,在學術(shù)寫作中葉
經(jīng)常指“部分”)
34wise[相關(guān)]sensible(adj.)
35gapdisparity
36asystemfora2amechanismfor…
particularpurpose
37asolutiontosth.aremedyforsth.(生活中經(jīng)常指一種病的治療
方法,但學術(shù)寫作中經(jīng)常用來指某種問題的解決
辦法,注意搭配的介詞不同)
38badstudents^unrulystudents/disruptivestudents
39badbehaviorunethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior
40organizationsthatcharitics/charitableorganizations
helppoorpeople
序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式
41differencedistinction
42[派生]bedifferentbedistinctfrom
from
43personindividual
44peisoiialilylion
45therateof…theincidenceof...(后面一般跟壞現(xiàn)象,比
如unemployment/crime/adisease)
46culturalglobalculturalhomogenization
globalization(有過
多人使用這個詞)
47athingthatisanecessity
necessary
48athingthatisnewanovelty
andinteresting
49athingthatisrareararity
50thingsthatpeopleuncertainties
arenotsureabout
51aworldlanguageauniversallanguage
52friendscompanions
53relaxation^recreation
54self-respect^self-esteemanddignity
55respectsb./sth.holdsb./sth.inhighregard
56[反義]lookdownon…treat...withcontempt=despise
57self-controlself-discipline
58criminalconvict
59prisonerinmate
60peoplewhowalkonpedestrians
thestreet
61oldgenerationsinancestors
history
62apersonwhobenefitsabeneficiaryofsth.
fromsth.
63adiseasethatanepidemic(注意這個詞雖然是-ic結(jié)尾,卻
spreadsquickly不是形容詞)
64averyunpleasantwaymisery
oflife
65emotion^sentiment
66narrowmindsinsularminds(狹隘的頭腦或者觀念)
67thewaytodosth.theapproachtodosth.
68hobby^pastime/diversion
69progressProgression(指抽象的進步,比如寫關(guān)于
society/career/technology的話題)
70failureSetback(注意作名詞的時候中間沒有空格)
71importancesignificance
72labormanuallabor
73pressurefromotherpeerpressure
students
74citizenswhocanworklaborforce/workforce(注意后面這個詞的
標準寫法中間沒有空格)
75problemsordiseasespersistentproblems/chronicdiseases
thatexistforalong
time
76donotexerciseoftenasedentarylifestyle
77resultConsequence(表示消極的結(jié)果多一些)
78thoughts^considerations
79difficultyhindrance/impediment/hurdles
80thelackofknowledgeignorance(注意在地道英文里,這個詞經(jīng)常并
不表示“忽視”,而是表示“無知”)
81harm(〃.)adverseeffect
82harm(vt.)damage;dcstroy/ruin(這兩個詞比damage程
度更重);spoil(后面跟thecityscape/
scenery/environment);undermine(后面跟
抽象概念,比如stability/socialorder
iony);jeopar-dise(后面跟抽象概念,比
如on。'sfuture/one,scareer);tarnish
(后面跟on。'sreputation/image);
sap/dampen(后面跟
enthu-siasm/intcrest/confidenci)
83[派生]harmfuldetrimental
84[派生]beharmfulto心poseathreatto
85badluckmisfortune
86troubleadversity/di]emma/predicament/hardship
87crimeoffence/criminalact
88shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dearth(of)
89theonlyoneanexception
序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式
90seriouscrimeheinouscrime/felony
91pkiceswhereanimalshabitat
live
形容詞
92begood(for)bebeneficial(to)=beinthebest
interest(of)
93worryingydisturbing
94verypopularprevalent/ubiquitous
95truegenuine(truly-*genuinely)
96deepprofound(深刻的,后面經(jīng)常跟
wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/though
ts)
97strongpowerful/mighty
98weak=vulnerable
99manynumerous(注意要跟可數(shù)名詞)
100complicatedintricate
101cannotbeturnedbackbeirreversible
102produceusefulproductive(e.g.Withoutnatural
resultstalent,continuoustrainingwouldbeneither
attractivenorproductive.)
103practical=realistic
104mcitured(這個詞指人的時候意思是思維
成熟老練的)
105selfishself-centered/materialistic
106suitablefitting
107lonely內(nèi)isolated/alienated
108beeasilyinfluencedbesusceptibletostn.(一般是壞事情,比如a
bysth.disease/attacks)
109isbetterthanissuperiorto
110notasgoodas...isinferiorto
111bethesamebeidentical/behomogenous/beuniform(后
面兩個詞比較正式,一般是cultural
globalization的時候常用,現(xiàn)在理解為什么小
幅的名詞叫schooluniforms了吧,就是讓大家
看起來都一樣的衣服)
112interesting^stimulating
113boring^monotonous/repetitive
114uselessredundant
115smartintel1igent
116fciniousrenowned
117positive^desirable/encouraging
118canbeusedbeavailable
119hardtounderstandbewi1dering/baffling/confusing
120(laws/rules/people)lenient
nolstrict
121healthtWholesome(注意說人的健康還是要用healthy,
但是如果說事物有益健康,就可以用wholesome)
122goodfortheeco-friendly(比如Bikingisfarmore
environmentcco-fricndlythandrivingtheirSUVs.)
123nervous/anxious^apprehensive
124doubtsth.beskepticalaboutsth.
125fairjustified(e.g.Thegapsbetweentheir
earningsandthoseofpeoplewhoworkless
selfishlycannotbejustified.)
126unfair^unwarranted/unjuslifiable
127hugeenormous/massive/vast/colossal
128havemanydifferentbeversatile/bewell-rounded
cibilities
129befamiliarwithbewell-acquaintedwith
130properappropriate
131uglyunsightly
132thepresent...thecurrent.../theexisting...(ttthe
currentfinancialcrisis/theexisting
environmentalproblems)
133outdatedantiquated/obsolete
134Spendalotofmoneyleadanextravagantlife
135opencnlightened/progres<i\('(開明的,進步的,
經(jīng)常用來形容government或者society)
序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式
136sth.mustbecarriedsth.iscompulsory/sth.ismandatory
out
137withlonghistory-honored(后面經(jīng)常跟抽象名字,比如
1radition/practice/inethod/horitage)
138coiiliiiuiiigfortverpelpelual
139Importantsignificant/essential/vitai(這三個詞的重
要性依次遞增)
140bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor
141disappointingfrustrating
142beingspreadinanimpant(后面經(jīng)常跟負面現(xiàn)象,比如crime,
uncontrolledwaypollution,discrimination)
143cruel^inhumane/merciless
144fatoverweight/obese(后面這個表示已經(jīng)胖出病來
了)
145havingwrongskewed/biased(這兩個詞一般在IELTS媒體類
opinions話題中使用,表示“有偏見的”)
146includingmanycomprehension
things
147enoughadequate/sufficient/amp1e/cibundcint(注意這
四個詞的語氣是逐漸遞增的)
148toomuchexcessive
149verylittleminimal(注意不是minimum)
150causebadeffectscounterproductive(其實地道英語里這個詞不
見得與生產(chǎn)有關(guān),只要阻止人們達到目的,都可
以寫它counterproductive)
151strictstringent(后面一般跟laws,measures,rules)
152urgentpressing(problems)
動詞
153makesth.strongstrcngthcn/fortify/reinforce/consolidate
154makesth.weakweaken/erode(侵蝕)
155makesth.betterenhanc-(很少看到國內(nèi)考生用better
做動詞,其實在學術(shù)寫作中bettersth.是挺常
見的表達,比如劍橋范例:tobetterconditions
forthedisabled)
156makesth.worseaggravate/exacerbatesth.
157control'*-(anegativecurb...(crime/pollution/economic
trend)recession)
158managesth.^regulatesth./overseesth.
159appearemergc/arise(后者的主語一般是抽象概念,如
debate)
160dieoutextinct
161failtoseeneglect/overlook
162see…freerelease(prisoners/stress)
163begincommence/iniiiate(后者跟抽象概念更多,比
如initiatetheconflict)
164narrow/bridgethe【反義】widenthegapbetweenAandB
gapbetweenAandB
(注意bridge這里是
動詞)
165beforcedtodosth.becompelledtodosth.
166trytodosth.?pursuesth.(one'sgoal/one,s
career/businessinterests/maximum
profit/hegemony)
167dosth.^perform/conductsth.(注意這里perform不
是“表演”,而是“從事”)
168donotdosth.refrainfromdoingsth.
169carryoutimplement
170makeacrimecommitacrime[注意請不要寫makeacrime)
171commitacrimeagainreverttocrime(crime這里是不可數(shù)名詞)
172punishpenalize
173【派生】punishmentpenalty
174spreadpropagate/disseininate(這兩個詞后面經(jīng)常跟
information/idcas/bc1icf這類名詞)
175developfastflourish/thrive
176develop(這里做“培cultivate/foster/nurlure(這三個詞后面經(jīng)常
養(yǎng)”的意思)跟與教育有關(guān)的名詞,如aninterestinsocieil
issues)
177【相關(guān)】burgeoning
fast-developing
序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式
216moveto...relocateto…/havebeenrelocatedto…
217comefrom...originatefrom/in…
218improveboost/enhance(比如boostsolidarity增進團
結(jié)/enhanceproductivity提高生產(chǎn)率)
219wasteuse??Tavishly
220reducecurtail(多用于政府投資類話題)/diminish(多
用于文化類或者發(fā)展類中的抽象話題)
221increaseaugment(多用于政府投資類話題)
222helpassist
223help(n.)assistance
224setupestablish
225trytodosthattempttodosth
226tryhardtodosthmakeastrenuous/anarduous/apainstaking
efforttodosth
227chcingealter
228change***alotfundamentallychange…/radicallychange…
/transform
229solveaddress/combai(后面這個是劍橋范文中最常用
的“解決”之一)
230correct(vt.)rectify(amistake)
231takedowndemolish/rase(談到拆老建筑的時候常用)
232obeyabideby/complywirh/conformto(后面跟the
1aw/rules/regu1ations等)
233banban...altogether/strictlyprohibit...
(e.g.Thegovernmentintroducedalaw
strictlyprohibitingtobaccoadvertisements
onTV.)
234criticisecondemn/denounce(這兩個詞一般用于政府類話
題,但不要用在教育類)
235dependonhingeon=becontingenlon(意思是:取決于...)
236dependonrelyon(意思是:依靠…)
237dealwiUicopewilh
238doone'sbesttodocommitoneselftodoingsth./strivetodo
sthsth./doone'sutmosttodosth./spareno
efforttodosth.
239useupexhaust(energy/resources)/stretch(resourc
es)tothelimit
240reportthedetailsofreportsth.ingraphicdetail
sth
241preventsb.fromdistractsb.from…
focusingon…
242spendAonB^dedicateAtoB
243usetoomuchstretch...tothelimit/putastrainon...
244pourdischarge(排放,環(huán)境類話題常用,比如
dischargechemicalwasteintorivers,
streamsandlakes)
245getusedtogetaccustomedto
246dieoutgoextinct
247continuetoexistpersist(在雅思作文中經(jīng)常用來指某種壞現(xiàn)象
長期存在)
248comewith.beattendedby/beaccompaniedby...
249broadenone'sexpandone'soutlook/enlargeone,svision
horizons(broadenone7shorizons這個句型已經(jīng)被考生
使用過多慘遭貶值)
250breakthelawviolatethelaw
251putsb.inpriscnincarceratesb.
252makelawsagainst…legislateagainst...
253[相關(guān)]lawlegislation(名詞,注意law在特指具體的法律
時可以用復數(shù),但是legislation不能用復數(shù))
254makesth.activestimulate(后面經(jīng)常跟
ciealivity/inleresl/ecoiiomicgiowih等同
匯)
255makeone,sdreamfulfillone,spotential/attainone*sgoal
cometrue
256leadtochangeinactasacatalystforchaingein...
257dealwiththeneedmeetthedemand/satisfytheneed
258take…awayfromsbdeprivesb.of...(省略號中可以填入freedom/
leisuretime/therightto等值的擁有的內(nèi)容)
givesb.Theabilityenablesb.to
259
to
260giveac1earideaofgetaclearperspectiveof
goaslray(作文中如果寫青少年“誤入歧途”,
261belost
就不要再寫getlost)
spendtoomuchtimebeaddictedto/bepreoccupiedwith/be
262
onobsessed\vith(這三個詞組的語氣越來越強)
pavethewayfor…/laythegroundworkfor…
263preparefor…/layasolidfoundationfor…(為...打好基
礎(chǔ))
264brecikthebalanceupsetthebalance
strikeabalancebetweenAandB(在A和B
265balanceAandB
之間爭取一種平衡)
266catchcapture
267thinkof,--asregard---as/view-as/perceive..as
268getridofcliminatc/removc
269getridofabolish(多用于政府類話題,廢除)
driveup(后面經(jīng)常跟Ihecrime
270make…h(huán)igher
rate/unemploymentrale)
副詞
271mainlyprimari1y/principally/chiefly
272Intheolddays,???Traditionally,???/Historically,???
273now^currently
—Technically,…(嚴格來說它的意思并不是
274Actually,“事實上”,但在學術(shù)寫作中它是一個表示“精
確地說”非常棒的詞匯)
275verysoonimmediately
276notoftenatallrarely
277completelyentirely
dosth.withoutdosth.Impulsively
278
carefulthought
indiscriminately(不加選擇的)
279blindly
/mechanical1y(機械的)
短語或句型
ely(注意只有only作副詞的時候才可以
280only
替換)
somewhat(注意只有a1ittle/abit后面跟形
281alittle/abit
容詞的時候才可以這樣替換)
regarding/concerning/withrespectto/with
282cibout
regardto
ahandfulol(請注意僅指少數(shù)時acoupleof
283afew
容易被挑剔的考官判為過于口語化)
Although…,therealHypothetically,…/Theoretically,…/In
284
situationis…theory/Ideally,inreality,???/But
inactuality,??,/Butinpractice,???(Ideally
指“理想化地說,”;另外請注意劍橋提供的范
文中是允許用But開始句子的,盡管國外很多
大學教授不喜歡這種寫法)
Youngpeopletendto=Youngpeople
285Mostyoungpeople***typically,*(tendto和typically都是表示
某一類人多半會怎樣做的常用表達)
286needstobechangediscryingoutforreform(固定短語)
287bepunishedbythelawbebroughttojustice
288dosth.Togethermakeaconcertedefforttodosth.
Itiscommonforsb.Itisstandardpracticeforsb.To…
289
To…
290isbasedon…ispredicatedon…
havenochoicebuthavenooptionbut1。…/havenoalternative
291
to…butto…
292beworththeeffortbeworthwhile
ect.(前面可加逗號,注意雅思寫作中完全可以
293andsoon使用ect.或者e.g.這樣的拉丁文表達,而且劍
7和劍4中都出現(xiàn)了
iscloselyconnsctedisintrinsicallylinkedto…
294
with…
295throughbywayof(介詞短語)
owingto(雅思作文中這兩個詞組后面
296becauseof
一般是跟負面含義的名詞)
inthisregard/inthisrespect(這里不是
297inthisaspect
尊重的意思,而是指某方面)
notwithstanding(請注意這三個詞都是后面必
298despite/inspiteof須緊跟名詞或者名詞短語,而不可以直接跟從
句)
asamatteroffact=in
299infactcssence/cssentially(in
essence/essentially的意思是"本質(zhì)上")
300besidesapartfrom
301Itisobviousthat…Itisevidentthat…?
302sth.Stops.sth.Comestoastandstill.
303besimilarlo…be社kinU)(學術(shù)寫作中相當常見的句型)
304Aisas…asBBis…Aisequally-
Itisimpossible
305Itishighlyuniikelythat…
that..
AhasrenderedB+adj./n.(注意這里的賓語
306AhasmadeB+adj./n.
B后面只能是跟形容詞或者名詞)
Ahasprompted/impelledsb.Todosth.(注
307AhasmadeBdosth.
意這兩個詞后面的賓涪之后不能省略to)
sth.doesnotalwayssth.Isnotcarvedinstone(某事物并非一
308
remainthesame成不變)
theproportionof…isveryhigh.(...的比
309Ahighpercentageof…
例很高)
canbeattributedto/canbeascribedto***
310Thoeansncf…is…
(可以歸因于…)
regardlessof/irrespectiveof(注意no
matter后面一般跟從句,而regardlessof和
311nomatter
irrespectiveof后面多數(shù)時候跟名詞或者名
詞短語)
intermsof…(經(jīng)常用來限制一個命題的適用
talkingabout范圍,比如Intermsofculture,thiscityis
312
/speakingoffascinating.Butintermsoftraffic,itis
inferior.)
小作文替換方式集合
序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式
1onthewholeoverall
2Inthese25yearsduringthis25-yearperiod
3about/aroundapproximately
4decreasedecline/dwindle(特指逐漸緩慢地減少)
/dip/slip(后兩個詞經(jīng)常用來描述短促的下
降)/showadownwardtrend(與showanupwa
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