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IELTS寫作之替換工程(適合骨灰級玩家)

大作文替換方式集合

名詞

序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式

1Thingsthatonetriesone,sundertakings/one'scommitments

hardtodo

2Thefactisthat…Therealityisthat

3joyhappiness/delight/enjoyment

4sadnesssorrow/grief

5dangerhazard/peril(后面這個詞語氣很強,危險程度

非同一般)[派生]dangerous;hazardous

6education^schooling(指學校教育,家庭教育則用

upbringing/parenting)[區(qū)分]家庭教育的兩個

詞upbringing和parenting的區(qū)別在于:

川)bringing是從孩子的角度說的;而parenting

是從家長的角度來說,比如sensibleparenting

7advertisemcnt/acver如果你寫過關(guān)于廣告的題目,就一定體會過不停

tising輪換使用advertisement/advertising有多郁

悶。其實主體論斷中完全可以把廣告種類細化,

比如commercials(電視或者互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的廣告),

flyers(傳單廣告,北京最常見的形式就

是“135****,辦證”),bi11boards(大幅的廣告

牌)或者nnr)-profit

advertisements=public-interest

advertisements(公益廣告)

8carautomobile

9famouspeoplecelebrities(單數(shù)為colebrity)

10humanbeings(被考生humanily(注意這個詞的單數(shù)指人類,復數(shù)指人

使用過多)文學科)/thehumanrace

11wealthfortune(s)(fortune作財富的意思時可以加復

數(shù))

12[相關(guān)]richwealthy/affluent(adj.)

13skill七lechnique(注意這個詞的正確解釋是技能或

者方法,而不是technology科技)

14[派生]skilledadept/adroit(adj.)

15methodmethodology(國外學術(shù)寫作中超級常用的詞,基

本就是melhod的故作高深版)

16understandingofgraspof/commandof

17choiceoption

18cooperation^collaboration

19basicstructureinainfrastructure

cityoracountry

20tirednessforalongfatigue

time

21isamustforsprerequisite「or(是的必備先決條件)

22theInternety(一篇考生作文里

Internet被使用十幾次是常事兒)

23honesty^integrity

24strongbelieffaith(in)

25aimintention

26worriesanxieties(是的,這兩個詞的確都可以加復數(shù))

27influenceimpact/repercussion/iniplicalion

28influenceoneach(類似的表達還有

othermutualrespect,mutualtrust利mutual

understanding/interactionbetweenAandB/

interplaybetweenAandB)

29manydifferentkindsavarietyof…/awidearrayof---/awiderange

of…of…

30wrongideasheldbymisconceptions

manypeople

31range^spectrum

32sense^reuognilion

33partcomponent(這個詞不僅指零件,在學術(shù)寫作中葉

經(jīng)常指“部分”)

34wise[相關(guān)]sensible(adj.)

35gapdisparity

36asystemfora2amechanismfor…

particularpurpose

37asolutiontosth.aremedyforsth.(生活中經(jīng)常指一種病的治療

方法,但學術(shù)寫作中經(jīng)常用來指某種問題的解決

辦法,注意搭配的介詞不同)

38badstudents^unrulystudents/disruptivestudents

39badbehaviorunethicalbehavior/immoralbehavior

40organizationsthatcharitics/charitableorganizations

helppoorpeople

序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式

41differencedistinction

42[派生]bedifferentbedistinctfrom

from

43personindividual

44peisoiialilylion

45therateof…theincidenceof...(后面一般跟壞現(xiàn)象,比

如unemployment/crime/adisease)

46culturalglobalculturalhomogenization

globalization(有過

多人使用這個詞)

47athingthatisanecessity

necessary

48athingthatisnewanovelty

andinteresting

49athingthatisrareararity

50thingsthatpeopleuncertainties

arenotsureabout

51aworldlanguageauniversallanguage

52friendscompanions

53relaxation^recreation

54self-respect^self-esteemanddignity

55respectsb./sth.holdsb./sth.inhighregard

56[反義]lookdownon…treat...withcontempt=despise

57self-controlself-discipline

58criminalconvict

59prisonerinmate

60peoplewhowalkonpedestrians

thestreet

61oldgenerationsinancestors

history

62apersonwhobenefitsabeneficiaryofsth.

fromsth.

63adiseasethatanepidemic(注意這個詞雖然是-ic結(jié)尾,卻

spreadsquickly不是形容詞)

64averyunpleasantwaymisery

oflife

65emotion^sentiment

66narrowmindsinsularminds(狹隘的頭腦或者觀念)

67thewaytodosth.theapproachtodosth.

68hobby^pastime/diversion

69progressProgression(指抽象的進步,比如寫關(guān)于

society/career/technology的話題)

70failureSetback(注意作名詞的時候中間沒有空格)

71importancesignificance

72labormanuallabor

73pressurefromotherpeerpressure

students

74citizenswhocanworklaborforce/workforce(注意后面這個詞的

標準寫法中間沒有空格)

75problemsordiseasespersistentproblems/chronicdiseases

thatexistforalong

time

76donotexerciseoftenasedentarylifestyle

77resultConsequence(表示消極的結(jié)果多一些)

78thoughts^considerations

79difficultyhindrance/impediment/hurdles

80thelackofknowledgeignorance(注意在地道英文里,這個詞經(jīng)常并

不表示“忽視”,而是表示“無知”)

81harm(〃.)adverseeffect

82harm(vt.)damage;dcstroy/ruin(這兩個詞比damage程

度更重);spoil(后面跟thecityscape/

scenery/environment);undermine(后面跟

抽象概念,比如stability/socialorder

iony);jeopar-dise(后面跟抽象概念,比

如on。'sfuture/one,scareer);tarnish

(后面跟on。'sreputation/image);

sap/dampen(后面跟

enthu-siasm/intcrest/confidenci)

83[派生]harmfuldetrimental

84[派生]beharmfulto心poseathreatto

85badluckmisfortune

86troubleadversity/di]emma/predicament/hardship

87crimeoffence/criminalact

88shortage(of)scarcity(of)/dearth(of)

89theonlyoneanexception

序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式

90seriouscrimeheinouscrime/felony

91pkiceswhereanimalshabitat

live

形容詞

92begood(for)bebeneficial(to)=beinthebest

interest(of)

93worryingydisturbing

94verypopularprevalent/ubiquitous

95truegenuine(truly-*genuinely)

96deepprofound(深刻的,后面經(jīng)常跟

wisdom/truths/understanding/impact/though

ts)

97strongpowerful/mighty

98weak=vulnerable

99manynumerous(注意要跟可數(shù)名詞)

100complicatedintricate

101cannotbeturnedbackbeirreversible

102produceusefulproductive(e.g.Withoutnatural

resultstalent,continuoustrainingwouldbeneither

attractivenorproductive.)

103practical=realistic

104mcitured(這個詞指人的時候意思是思維

成熟老練的)

105selfishself-centered/materialistic

106suitablefitting

107lonely內(nèi)isolated/alienated

108beeasilyinfluencedbesusceptibletostn.(一般是壞事情,比如a

bysth.disease/attacks)

109isbetterthanissuperiorto

110notasgoodas...isinferiorto

111bethesamebeidentical/behomogenous/beuniform(后

面兩個詞比較正式,一般是cultural

globalization的時候常用,現(xiàn)在理解為什么小

幅的名詞叫schooluniforms了吧,就是讓大家

看起來都一樣的衣服)

112interesting^stimulating

113boring^monotonous/repetitive

114uselessredundant

115smartintel1igent

116fciniousrenowned

117positive^desirable/encouraging

118canbeusedbeavailable

119hardtounderstandbewi1dering/baffling/confusing

120(laws/rules/people)lenient

nolstrict

121healthtWholesome(注意說人的健康還是要用healthy,

但是如果說事物有益健康,就可以用wholesome)

122goodfortheeco-friendly(比如Bikingisfarmore

environmentcco-fricndlythandrivingtheirSUVs.)

123nervous/anxious^apprehensive

124doubtsth.beskepticalaboutsth.

125fairjustified(e.g.Thegapsbetweentheir

earningsandthoseofpeoplewhoworkless

selfishlycannotbejustified.)

126unfair^unwarranted/unjuslifiable

127hugeenormous/massive/vast/colossal

128havemanydifferentbeversatile/bewell-rounded

cibilities

129befamiliarwithbewell-acquaintedwith

130properappropriate

131uglyunsightly

132thepresent...thecurrent.../theexisting...(ttthe

currentfinancialcrisis/theexisting

environmentalproblems)

133outdatedantiquated/obsolete

134Spendalotofmoneyleadanextravagantlife

135opencnlightened/progres<i\('(開明的,進步的,

經(jīng)常用來形容government或者society)

序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式

136sth.mustbecarriedsth.iscompulsory/sth.ismandatory

out

137withlonghistory-honored(后面經(jīng)常跟抽象名字,比如

1radition/practice/inethod/horitage)

138coiiliiiuiiigfortverpelpelual

139Importantsignificant/essential/vitai(這三個詞的重

要性依次遞增)

140bequalifiedforbeeligiblefor

141disappointingfrustrating

142beingspreadinanimpant(后面經(jīng)常跟負面現(xiàn)象,比如crime,

uncontrolledwaypollution,discrimination)

143cruel^inhumane/merciless

144fatoverweight/obese(后面這個表示已經(jīng)胖出病來

了)

145havingwrongskewed/biased(這兩個詞一般在IELTS媒體類

opinions話題中使用,表示“有偏見的”)

146includingmanycomprehension

things

147enoughadequate/sufficient/amp1e/cibundcint(注意這

四個詞的語氣是逐漸遞增的)

148toomuchexcessive

149verylittleminimal(注意不是minimum)

150causebadeffectscounterproductive(其實地道英語里這個詞不

見得與生產(chǎn)有關(guān),只要阻止人們達到目的,都可

以寫它counterproductive)

151strictstringent(后面一般跟laws,measures,rules)

152urgentpressing(problems)

動詞

153makesth.strongstrcngthcn/fortify/reinforce/consolidate

154makesth.weakweaken/erode(侵蝕)

155makesth.betterenhanc-(很少看到國內(nèi)考生用better

做動詞,其實在學術(shù)寫作中bettersth.是挺常

見的表達,比如劍橋范例:tobetterconditions

forthedisabled)

156makesth.worseaggravate/exacerbatesth.

157control'*-(anegativecurb...(crime/pollution/economic

trend)recession)

158managesth.^regulatesth./overseesth.

159appearemergc/arise(后者的主語一般是抽象概念,如

debate)

160dieoutextinct

161failtoseeneglect/overlook

162see…freerelease(prisoners/stress)

163begincommence/iniiiate(后者跟抽象概念更多,比

如initiatetheconflict)

164narrow/bridgethe【反義】widenthegapbetweenAandB

gapbetweenAandB

(注意bridge這里是

動詞)

165beforcedtodosth.becompelledtodosth.

166trytodosth.?pursuesth.(one'sgoal/one,s

career/businessinterests/maximum

profit/hegemony)

167dosth.^perform/conductsth.(注意這里perform不

是“表演”,而是“從事”)

168donotdosth.refrainfromdoingsth.

169carryoutimplement

170makeacrimecommitacrime[注意請不要寫makeacrime)

171commitacrimeagainreverttocrime(crime這里是不可數(shù)名詞)

172punishpenalize

173【派生】punishmentpenalty

174spreadpropagate/disseininate(這兩個詞后面經(jīng)常跟

information/idcas/bc1icf這類名詞)

175developfastflourish/thrive

176develop(這里做“培cultivate/foster/nurlure(這三個詞后面經(jīng)常

養(yǎng)”的意思)跟與教育有關(guān)的名詞,如aninterestinsocieil

issues)

177【相關(guān)】burgeoning

fast-developing

序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式

216moveto...relocateto…/havebeenrelocatedto…

217comefrom...originatefrom/in…

218improveboost/enhance(比如boostsolidarity增進團

結(jié)/enhanceproductivity提高生產(chǎn)率)

219wasteuse??Tavishly

220reducecurtail(多用于政府投資類話題)/diminish(多

用于文化類或者發(fā)展類中的抽象話題)

221increaseaugment(多用于政府投資類話題)

222helpassist

223help(n.)assistance

224setupestablish

225trytodosthattempttodosth

226tryhardtodosthmakeastrenuous/anarduous/apainstaking

efforttodosth

227chcingealter

228change***alotfundamentallychange…/radicallychange…

/transform

229solveaddress/combai(后面這個是劍橋范文中最常用

的“解決”之一)

230correct(vt.)rectify(amistake)

231takedowndemolish/rase(談到拆老建筑的時候常用)

232obeyabideby/complywirh/conformto(后面跟the

1aw/rules/regu1ations等)

233banban...altogether/strictlyprohibit...

(e.g.Thegovernmentintroducedalaw

strictlyprohibitingtobaccoadvertisements

onTV.)

234criticisecondemn/denounce(這兩個詞一般用于政府類話

題,但不要用在教育類)

235dependonhingeon=becontingenlon(意思是:取決于...)

236dependonrelyon(意思是:依靠…)

237dealwiUicopewilh

238doone'sbesttodocommitoneselftodoingsth./strivetodo

sthsth./doone'sutmosttodosth./spareno

efforttodosth.

239useupexhaust(energy/resources)/stretch(resourc

es)tothelimit

240reportthedetailsofreportsth.ingraphicdetail

sth

241preventsb.fromdistractsb.from…

focusingon…

242spendAonB^dedicateAtoB

243usetoomuchstretch...tothelimit/putastrainon...

244pourdischarge(排放,環(huán)境類話題常用,比如

dischargechemicalwasteintorivers,

streamsandlakes)

245getusedtogetaccustomedto

246dieoutgoextinct

247continuetoexistpersist(在雅思作文中經(jīng)常用來指某種壞現(xiàn)象

長期存在)

248comewith.beattendedby/beaccompaniedby...

249broadenone'sexpandone'soutlook/enlargeone,svision

horizons(broadenone7shorizons這個句型已經(jīng)被考生

使用過多慘遭貶值)

250breakthelawviolatethelaw

251putsb.inpriscnincarceratesb.

252makelawsagainst…legislateagainst...

253[相關(guān)]lawlegislation(名詞,注意law在特指具體的法律

時可以用復數(shù),但是legislation不能用復數(shù))

254makesth.activestimulate(后面經(jīng)常跟

ciealivity/inleresl/ecoiiomicgiowih等同

匯)

255makeone,sdreamfulfillone,spotential/attainone*sgoal

cometrue

256leadtochangeinactasacatalystforchaingein...

257dealwiththeneedmeetthedemand/satisfytheneed

258take…awayfromsbdeprivesb.of...(省略號中可以填入freedom/

leisuretime/therightto等值的擁有的內(nèi)容)

givesb.Theabilityenablesb.to

259

to

260giveac1earideaofgetaclearperspectiveof

goaslray(作文中如果寫青少年“誤入歧途”,

261belost

就不要再寫getlost)

spendtoomuchtimebeaddictedto/bepreoccupiedwith/be

262

onobsessed\vith(這三個詞組的語氣越來越強)

pavethewayfor…/laythegroundworkfor…

263preparefor…/layasolidfoundationfor…(為...打好基

礎(chǔ))

264brecikthebalanceupsetthebalance

strikeabalancebetweenAandB(在A和B

265balanceAandB

之間爭取一種平衡)

266catchcapture

267thinkof,--asregard---as/view-as/perceive..as

268getridofcliminatc/removc

269getridofabolish(多用于政府類話題,廢除)

driveup(后面經(jīng)常跟Ihecrime

270make…h(huán)igher

rate/unemploymentrale)

副詞

271mainlyprimari1y/principally/chiefly

272Intheolddays,???Traditionally,???/Historically,???

273now^currently

—Technically,…(嚴格來說它的意思并不是

274Actually,“事實上”,但在學術(shù)寫作中它是一個表示“精

確地說”非常棒的詞匯)

275verysoonimmediately

276notoftenatallrarely

277completelyentirely

dosth.withoutdosth.Impulsively

278

carefulthought

indiscriminately(不加選擇的)

279blindly

/mechanical1y(機械的)

短語或句型

ely(注意只有only作副詞的時候才可以

280only

替換)

somewhat(注意只有a1ittle/abit后面跟形

281alittle/abit

容詞的時候才可以這樣替換)

regarding/concerning/withrespectto/with

282cibout

regardto

ahandfulol(請注意僅指少數(shù)時acoupleof

283afew

容易被挑剔的考官判為過于口語化)

Although…,therealHypothetically,…/Theoretically,…/In

284

situationis…theory/Ideally,inreality,???/But

inactuality,??,/Butinpractice,???(Ideally

指“理想化地說,”;另外請注意劍橋提供的范

文中是允許用But開始句子的,盡管國外很多

大學教授不喜歡這種寫法)

Youngpeopletendto=Youngpeople

285Mostyoungpeople***typically,*(tendto和typically都是表示

某一類人多半會怎樣做的常用表達)

286needstobechangediscryingoutforreform(固定短語)

287bepunishedbythelawbebroughttojustice

288dosth.Togethermakeaconcertedefforttodosth.

Itiscommonforsb.Itisstandardpracticeforsb.To…

289

To…

290isbasedon…ispredicatedon…

havenochoicebuthavenooptionbut1。…/havenoalternative

291

to…butto…

292beworththeeffortbeworthwhile

ect.(前面可加逗號,注意雅思寫作中完全可以

293andsoon使用ect.或者e.g.這樣的拉丁文表達,而且劍

7和劍4中都出現(xiàn)了

iscloselyconnsctedisintrinsicallylinkedto…

294

with…

295throughbywayof(介詞短語)

owingto(雅思作文中這兩個詞組后面

296becauseof

一般是跟負面含義的名詞)

inthisregard/inthisrespect(這里不是

297inthisaspect

尊重的意思,而是指某方面)

notwithstanding(請注意這三個詞都是后面必

298despite/inspiteof須緊跟名詞或者名詞短語,而不可以直接跟從

句)

asamatteroffact=in

299infactcssence/cssentially(in

essence/essentially的意思是"本質(zhì)上")

300besidesapartfrom

301Itisobviousthat…Itisevidentthat…?

302sth.Stops.sth.Comestoastandstill.

303besimilarlo…be社kinU)(學術(shù)寫作中相當常見的句型)

304Aisas…asBBis…Aisequally-

Itisimpossible

305Itishighlyuniikelythat…

that..

AhasrenderedB+adj./n.(注意這里的賓語

306AhasmadeB+adj./n.

B后面只能是跟形容詞或者名詞)

Ahasprompted/impelledsb.Todosth.(注

307AhasmadeBdosth.

意這兩個詞后面的賓涪之后不能省略to)

sth.doesnotalwayssth.Isnotcarvedinstone(某事物并非一

308

remainthesame成不變)

theproportionof…isveryhigh.(...的比

309Ahighpercentageof…

例很高)

canbeattributedto/canbeascribedto***

310Thoeansncf…is…

(可以歸因于…)

regardlessof/irrespectiveof(注意no

matter后面一般跟從句,而regardlessof和

311nomatter

irrespectiveof后面多數(shù)時候跟名詞或者名

詞短語)

intermsof…(經(jīng)常用來限制一個命題的適用

talkingabout范圍,比如Intermsofculture,thiscityis

312

/speakingoffascinating.Butintermsoftraffic,itis

inferior.)

小作文替換方式集合

序號國內(nèi)考生常用的表達更得分的表述方式

1onthewholeoverall

2Inthese25yearsduringthis25-yearperiod

3about/aroundapproximately

4decreasedecline/dwindle(特指逐漸緩慢地減少)

/dip/slip(后兩個詞經(jīng)常用來描述短促的下

降)/showadownwardtrend(與showanupwa

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