文體分類練(三)說明文之新發(fā)明/新產(chǎn)品類高考總復(fù)習(xí)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)GAOKAOZONGFUXIYOUHUASHEJI2025Passage

1(2024寧夏銀川二模)主題:發(fā)明創(chuàng)造

詞數(shù):324

難度:★★★☆☆3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It’sacompetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(導(dǎo)航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstaclesthatmaybeincoming.Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回聲定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,”saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillcompeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”anda$25,000prize.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了一個青少年Sean

Jiang的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,他發(fā)明的設(shè)備能用聲音幫助盲人順利行走。1.What

can

we

learn

about

Jiang

from

the

first

two

paragraphs?A.He

was

the

champion

of

the

2023

3M

event.B.He

invented

technology

to

remove

road

obstacles.C.He

sought

to

assist

the

blind

in

walking

smoothly.D.He

developed

a

new

navigation

app

for

his

school.答案

C解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,Jiang設(shè)法幫助盲人順利行走。2.Why

did

Jiang

mention

“echolocation”?A.To

show

the

development

of

technology.B.To

present

the

difficulties

the

blind

face.C.To

stress

the

significance

of

hearing.D.To

explain

the

inspiration

of

his

invention.答案

D解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段可知,Jiang提到“回聲定位”是為了解釋他的發(fā)明靈感。3.What

does

the

underlined

word

“dodge”

mean

in

paragraph

4?A.Avoid.

B.Encounter.C.Challenge.

D.Remove.答案

A解析

詞句猜測題。畫線詞下文“When

a

blind

is

walking

with

the

device,the

sensor

of

the

depth

camera

gathers

the

information

regarding

the

obstacles’

position

and

distance.Then

the

AI

system

in

it

will

turn

the

distance

data

into

musical

sound

guidance.This

could

significantly

increase

the

walking

speed

of

a

blind

person

as

well

as

decrease

the

number

of

obstacles

they

hit.”說明該設(shè)備能夠幫助盲人避開障礙物,從而推知畫線詞意思是“避開”。4.What

is

the

text

mainly

about?A.3M

facilities

intended

for

the

blind.B.A

teen

using

sound

to

help

the

blind.C.An

invention

to

cure

vision

problems.D.A

competition

to

improve

the

blind’s

life.答案

B解析

主旨大意題。通讀全文可知,本文主要介紹了一個青少年Sean

Jiang的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,他發(fā)明的設(shè)備能用聲音幫助盲人順利行走。Passage

2(2024廣東湛江二模)主題:機(jī)器人傳感器

詞數(shù):357難度:★★★☆☆ResearchershavedevelopedaroboticsensorthatcombinesartificialintelligencetechniquestoreadBraille(盲文)atspeedsroughlydoublethatofmosthumanreaders.Theresearchteam,fromtheUniversityofCambridge,usedmachinelearningalgorithms(算法)toteacharoboticsensortoquicklyslideoverlinesofBrailletext.Theroboticsensortheresearchersusedhasacamerainits“fingertip”,andreadsbyusingacombinationoftheinformationfromthecameraandthesensors.“Thisisahardproblemforroboticistsasthere’salotofimageprocessingthatneedstobedonetoremovemotionblur(模糊),whichistime-andenergy-consuming,”saidParthPotdarfromCambridge’sDepartmentofEngineering.“ThereareexistingroboticBraillereaders,buttheyonlyreadoneletteratatime,whichisnothowhumansread,”saidPotdar.“ExistingroboticBraillereadersworkinastaticway:Theytouchoneletterpattern,readit,pullupfromthesurface,moveover,lowerontothenextletterpattern,andsoon.Wewantsomethingthat’smorerealisticandfarmoreefficient.”Theteamdevelopedmachinelearningalgorithmssotheroboticreaderwouldbeableto“deblur”theimagesbeforethesensorattemptedtorecognisetheletters.TheytrainedthealgorithmsonasetofsharpimagesofBraillewithfakeblurapplied.Afterthealgorithmshadlearnedtodeblurtheletters,theyusedacomputervisionmodeltodetectandclassifyeachcharacter.Oncethealgorithmswereincorporated,theresearcherstestedtheirreaderbyslidingitquicklyalongrowsofBraillecharacters.TheroboticBraillereadercouldread315wordsperminutewith87%accuracy,whichistwiceasfastandaboutasaccurateashumanBraillereader.“Braillereadingspeedisagreatwaytomeasurethedynamicperformanceoftactile(能觸知的)sensingsystems,soourfindingscouldbeapplicablebeyondBraille,forapplicationslikedetectingsurfacetexturesorslippageinroboticmanipulation,”saidPotdar.Inthefuture,theresearchersarehopingtoscalethetechnologytothesizeofahumanoidhand.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。劍橋大學(xué)的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)了一種機(jī)器人傳感器,該傳感器結(jié)合了人工智能技術(shù),能以近似人類讀者兩倍的速度讀取盲文。5.What

is

difficult

for

roboticists

to

deal

with

in

the

reading

process?A.Ridding

of

motion

blur.B.Teaching

a

robot

to

learn.C.Processing

robotic

sensors.D.Fixing

a

camera

on

the

fingertip.答案

A解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“‘This

is

a

hard

problem

for

roboticists

as

there’s

a

lot

of

image

processing

that

needs

to

be

done

to

remove

motion

blur,which

is

time-and

energy-consuming,’said

Parth

Potdar

from

Cambridge’s

Department

of

Engineering.”可知,機(jī)器人專家在閱讀過程中很難消除動態(tài)模糊。6.What

does

the

underlined

word

“static”

in

paragraph

3

mean?A.Still.

B.Fast.C.Clever.

D.Lazy.答案

A解析

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘There

are

existing

robotic

Braille

readers,but

they

only

read

one

letter

at

a

time,which

is

not

how

humans

read,’said

Potdar.”以及畫線詞下文“They

touch

one

letter

pattern,read

it,pull

up

from

the

surface,move

over,lower

onto

the

next

letter

pattern,and

so

on.”可知,現(xiàn)有的機(jī)器人盲文閱讀器是以靜態(tài)的方式工作的。7.What

did

Potdar

want

to

express

in

paragraph

6?A.The

good

performance

of

the

robot

sensor.B.The

promising

future

of

their

research

results.C.The

factors

in

making

the

tactile

sensing

systems.D.The

way

to

ensure

the

accuracy

of

the

technology.答案

B解析

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知,他們的研究結(jié)果可以應(yīng)用到其他方面。由此可推斷,該研究結(jié)果是有前景的。8.Which

can

be

the

best

title

for

the

text?A.Technology

to

be

scaled

to

the

size

of

a

humanoid

handB.Robots

trained

to

read

Braille

at

twice

the

speed

of

humansC.A

great

way

to

measure

the

performance

of

sensing

systemsD.Machine

learning

algorithms

expected

to

change

Braille

writing答案

B解析

主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了劍橋大學(xué)研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的機(jī)器人傳感器,該傳感器結(jié)合了人工智能技術(shù),能以近似人類讀者兩倍的速度讀取盲文。B項(xiàng)“Robots

trained

to

read

Braille

at

twice

the

speed

of

humans

(機(jī)器人被訓(xùn)練以兩倍于人類的速度閱讀盲文)”最能概括本文主旨。Passage

3(2024湖南張家界二模)主題:預(yù)測閱讀困難的新工具

詞數(shù):306難度:★★★☆☆A(yù)studyexpandspositiveevidenceforanewscreeningtoolthatdirectlyengagespreschoolchildrenduringclinicvisitstoassesstheirearlyliteracyskills.Thetool,calledTheReadingHouse(TRH),isthefirstofitskind.Ithasthepotentialtoidentifyreadingdifficultiesasearlyaspossible,accordingtoresearchersatCincinnatiChildren’sHospitalMedicalCenter.TRHisanassessmentdevelopedbyJohnHuttonandhisteamforkidsagedfrom3to5.Screeningtakesjustaboutfiveminutesandassessesperformancelevelsforkidsagedfrom3to5.Itaddressesasignificantgapinwaystoscreenearlyliteracyskillsefficientlyanddirectly.Thetool,whichisfunforkids,couldbeusedinplaceslikeprimarycareorpreschoolsettings.Thescreeningmeasurescoreskillstypicallyappearinginthepreschoolagerange,

includingvocabulary,rhyming,alphabetknowledgeandprintconcepts.Allareskillspredictiveofreadingsuccessandoftenassociatedwithreadingdifficulties.Thestudyinvolved70healthychildren—34boysand36girls—between3and5yearsoldfromvarioussocioeconomicbackground.Thechildrencompletedstandardizedtestsofimportantliteracyskills:vocabulary,rhymingaridrapidautomatizednaming.Fifty-twoofthesechildrenalsosuccessfullycompletedMRI(磁共振成像),includingthemeasurementofthegraymattersurfaceoftheirbrains.Thethickercortex(皮質(zhì)),particularlyinleft-sidedareassupportinglanguageandreading,hasbeenassociatedwithhigherskillsthatarepredictiveofreadingoutcomes.Manychildrenarriveatkindergartenunpreparedtolearntoread,

especiallythosefromminoritiesandeconomicallypoorbackgrounds—estimatedatover50%ofchildrenfromdisadvantagedbackgroundsintheU.S.andover25%overall.“Byscreeningearlyduringclinicvisits,wecantargeteffectiveinterventionsthathelpthesechildrenbetterprepareforkindergartenandimprovereadingoutcomes—literally,snappingtheirbrainstoread,”saidHutton.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些研究人員研發(fā)出了一個新的工具,可以幫助預(yù)測3—5歲的小孩是否會有閱讀困難。9.What

might

be

the

purpose

of

creating

TRH?A.To

identify

the

best

reading

apps

for

kids.B.To

develop

preschool

kids’

literacy

skills.C.To

discover

kids’

reading

problems

early.D.To

study

key

factors

in

kids’

development.答案

C解析

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“The

tool,called

The

Reading

House

(TRH),is

the

first

of

its

kind.It

has

the

potential

to

identify

reading

difficulties

as

early

as

possible,according

to

researchers

at

Cincinnati

Children’s

Hospital

Medical

Center.”可知,該工具可以確認(rèn)學(xué)齡前兒童是否會有閱讀困難。10.What

can

we

know

about

the

new

screening

tool?A.It

lacks

reliability.B.It

has

operational

advantages.C.It