基于高考外刊源文設(shè)計(jì)單元主題作業(yè)——未來生活閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AModernurbanandsuburbanlivingoftenleadstofeelingsofisolationandalackofclosecommunityconnection.However,anidealneighborhoodisnotjustaphysicallocation;itrepresentsasharedatmospherethatcanbefelt,seen,andexperienced.Thisenvironmentsignificantlyimpactsthehealthandhappinessofeveryonewholivesthere.Architect

DavidSim

offerscleardesignprinciples.Hebelievestheidealbuildingheightisfourstories,asitallowspeopletoseethestreet,recognizefaces,andcommunicateeasily.Healsohighlightstheimportanceofbalconies,callingthem"anextraroom"thatprovidesvaluablespaceforresidentstogetfreshairorgrowplants.Furthermore,creatingatransitionarea—suchasasharedcourtyard—betweenprivatehomesandpublicstreetshelpsseparatenoiseandactivityfromcalmandprivacy.Beyondprofessionaldesign,theactiveparticipationofresidentsthemselvesispowerful.InOakland,California,agroupofneighborsremovedpartsoftheirbackyardfences,creatingalargesharedgarden.Thissmallacttransformedseparateprivateyardsintoacommonspaceforplaying,gardening,andsocializing,naturallystrengtheningtheircommunitybonds.Itshowsthatpositivechangecanstartwithsimple,cooperativeactionsbetweenneighbors.Whenimprovingexistingneighborhoods,respectiskey.Architect

Mayra

andherteamat

Gehl

focusonthisapproach.InplaceslikeBarrio31inBuenosAires,theyobservedhowresidentsnaturallyusedstreetsforsocialactivities.Insteadofcompletelyrebuildingsuchareas,theyrecommendupgradinginfrastructureandsafetywhilepreservingthelocalcommunityspiritandinnovations.Thegoalistoalignpeople'snaturaldesireswithwhatbenefitsbothsocietyandtheenvironment.Ultimately,whetherthroughprofessionaldesignorcommunityinitiative,theaimistomakepositivechoices—likewalking,biking,orinteractingwithneighbors—easyandappealing.Bythoughtfullyshapingoursurroundingsandencouragingcooperation,wecancreatelivingspacesthatarenotonlyfunctionalbutalsodeeplyfulfilling,fosteringstrongercommunitiesandhappierlives.1.Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?

A.Lifeincitiesisbetterthaninsuburbs.

B.Aneighborhood'sphysicaldesignisthemostimportant.

C.Thefeelofacommunitygreatlyaffectspeople'swell-being.

D.Modernlivingalwaysmakespeoplehappy.2.AccordingtoDavidSim,whyisafour-storybuildingideal?

A.Itisthecheapesttobuild.

B.Itsavesthemostspace.

C.Itallowsforbettersocialconnection.

D.Itisrequiredbymostcitylaws.3.WhatdoestheexampleofOakland,Californiaillustrate?

A.Residentsshouldalwaysfollowarchitects'plans.

B.Bigchangesrequiregovernmentfunding.

C.Communityspiritcanbebuiltbyresidents'ownactions.

D.Privateyardsareunnecessaryinmodernneighborhoods.4.WhatisGehl'skeyprinciplewhenimprovingexistingneighborhoodslikeBarrio31?

A.Toreplaceoldbuildingswithcompletelynewdesigns.

B.Torespectandbuildupontheexistingcommunitylife.

C.Tomoveresidentstomoremodernneighborhoods.

D.Tofocusonlyonimprovingtransportation.答案與解析答案：C

解析：

第一段最后一句明確指出"Thisenvironmentsignificantlyimpactsthehealthandhappinessofeveryonewholivesthere."這表明社區(qū)環(huán)境對居民的幸福安康影響巨大，與C選項(xiàng)相符。答案：C

解析：

第二段中，DavidSim提出四層樓理想的原因是"itallowspeopletoseethestreet,recognizefaces,andcommunicateeasily."這清楚地說明了四層樓的高度有利于社會連接和互動(dòng)。答案：C

解析：

第三段描述了奧克蘭居民自己動(dòng)手拆除部分籬笆、創(chuàng)建共享花園的例子，并總結(jié)道"Itshowsthatpositivechangecanstartwithsimple,cooperativeactionsbetweenneighbors."這直接支持了C選項(xiàng)的觀點(diǎn)，即社區(qū)精神可以通過居民自身的行動(dòng)建立。答案：B

解析：

第四段詳細(xì)介紹了Gehl團(tuán)隊(duì)在Barrio31的工作方法。關(guān)鍵句為"Insteadofcompletelyrebuilding...theyrecommendupgradinginfrastructureandsafetywhilepreservingthelocalcommunityspiritandinnovations."他們的核心原則是尊重現(xiàn)有社區(qū)生活并在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行改善，而不是推倒重來。BZomesareanewtypeofsmallhousedesignedtotacklemodernchallengeslikehousingshortages,highcosts,andthegrowingriskofwildfires.Theircreatorsaimtocompletelychangethetraditionalwayhomesarebuiltbyusingbettermaterialsandasmarterconstructionprocess.ThekeytoZomesliesintheirspecialmaterialsanddesign.Theoutershellismadefromakindofcementthatactuallyabsorbsmorecarbondioxidethanitproduces,makingitenvironmentallyfriendly.Moreimportantly,thismaterialishighlyresistanttofire.Theinsideofthehouseusesawoodenframebuiltinauniquegeometricshapewithnorightangles.Thiscleverdesignmakesthesmallinteriorfeelsurprisinglyspaciousandopen.Insteadofbeingbuiltslowlyon-site,Zomesaremadeinafactory.Allpartsareproducedonanassemblylineandthenshippedtotheowner'sproperty.There,theycanbeputtogetherbytheownersandtheirfriendsinjustafewweeks,withoutneedingheavymachinesorprofessionalbuilders.Thismethodavoidsthecommonproblemsoftraditionalconstruction,suchasgoingoverbudgetandtakingtoolong.Thisfactory-basedapproachisthemostimportantideabehindZomes.Ifhomescanbemadelikecarsorsmartphones—withefficient,mass-producedparts—theycouldbecomemuchmoreaffordableandreliable.ThebasicmodelofaZomehasafixedprice,whichbringstrustbacktothebuildingprocess.Inconclusion,Zomesrepresentaninnovativestepinrethinkinghowwecreatelivingspaces.Theycombineeco-friendlymaterials,asmartdesign,andmodernmanufacturingtoofferapracticalsolution.WhilenoteveryonemayliveinaZome,itscoreideaofbuildinghomesmoreefficientlyandaffordablycouldhelpaddressthewidespreadhousingproblemswefacetoday.1.WhatisthemainpurposeofdesigningZomes?

A.Tocreateanewstyleofvacationhouse.

B.Tosolveproblemslikehighcostsandfirerisksinhousing.

C.Tocopythewayancientbuildingsweremade.

D.Tohelppeoplebuildtheirhomeswithoutanyplans.2.WhatistheadvantageofthespecialcementusedforZomes?

A.Itisverycheaptoproduce.

B.Itcanchangecolorwiththeweather.

C.Itisgoodfortheenvironmentandresistsfire.

D.Itmakesthehouselookliketraditionalbuildings.3.HowareZomesdifferentfromtraditionallybuilthomesintermsofconstruction?

A.Theytakeyearstobuildon-sitewithmanyworkers.

B.Theirpartsaremadeinafactoryandassembledquicklyon-site.

C.Theyrequirealotofheavymachinesandprofessionalskills.

D.Theyarebuiltcompletelyfromwoodinthebuyer'sbackyard.4.WhatisthemostimportantideabehindtheZomesbuildingmethod?

A.Makinghousesinuniqueroundshapes.

B.Usingfactoryproductiontomakehomesmoreaffordableandreliable.

C.Encouragingpeopletomovetothecountryside.

D.Allowinghomeownerstodesigneverydetailthemselves.答案與解析：1.答案：B

解析：

根據(jù)文章第一段，Zomes的設(shè)計(jì)目的是為了解決住房短缺、高成本和日益增長的野火風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等現(xiàn)代挑戰(zhàn)("...designedtotacklemodernchallengeslikehousingshortages,highcosts,andthegrowingriskofwildfires.")。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確概括了其主要目的。2.答案：C

解析：

文章第二段明確指出，這種特殊水泥的好處是環(huán)保（吸收二氧化碳）和防火("...absorbsmorecarbondioxidethanitproduces,makingitenvironmentallyfriendly.Moreimportantly,thismaterialishighlyresistanttofire.")。選項(xiàng)C完整地表達(dá)了這兩個(gè)核心優(yōu)勢。3.答案：B

解析：

第三段將Zomes的建造方式與傳統(tǒng)方式對比。傳統(tǒng)方式是現(xiàn)場緩慢建造，而Zomes是工廠生產(chǎn)部件，然后快速在現(xiàn)場組裝("...Zomesaremadeinafactory.Allpartsareproducedonanassemblyline...theycanbeputtogether...injustafewweeks...")。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地描述了這個(gè)區(qū)別。4.答案：B

解析：

文章第四段指出，基于工廠的生產(chǎn)方式是Zomes背后最重要的理念("Thisfactory-basedapproachisthemostimportantideabehindZomes.")，并解釋說這種效率可以使住房更實(shí)惠、更可靠。選項(xiàng)B正確抓住了這一核心理念。CFacialrecognitiontechnologyisnowoftenseenindailylife.Itisusedinshops,airports,banks,andonlineplatformstoidentifypeople.Marketedasfastandsafe,itpromisessmoothexperiences.Forexample,someairlinespromoteitforeasiertravelwithoutphysicaltickets.However,thisconvenienceconflictswithprivacyworries.Somestoreshavefacedstrongcriticismforscanningfaceswithoutpermission,breakingcustomertrust.Theissueismoreseriousforchildren.Socialmediamayusefacialscanstocheckage,whilesomeschoolstestitforentryorpayments.Thoughsaidtobeforsafety,risksofdatamisuseremain.Therehavebeencaseswherecompaniesdidnotprotectchildren'sfacedataproperly.Asaresult,thistechnologyisquietlybecomingnormalforyoungpeople,despitepossiblelong-termeffects.Intermsoftechnology,facialrecognitionworksbycomparingaperson'sfacetostoredinformation.Itactivelyidentifiesindividuals,unlikenormalcameraswhichonlyrecord.ItalsodiffersfromtoolslikeQRcodes,whichcanberemoved.Facialdataispermanent.Oncescanned,itmaystayinsystemsforever.Ifhacked,thisstolendatacouldletcriminalsintopersonalaccounts.Also,thetechnologyisnotperfect.Mistakesinrecognitioncanplaceinnocentpeopleonwatchlists,causingrepeatedtravelproblemsorquestioning.Stolenfacedatamightalsobeusedforidentitytheft,allowingaccesstoprivateservices.Inthefuture,softwaremightevenjudgehealthortrustworthinessfromfacesforinsuranceorloans,raisingfurtherhardquestions.Whiletherearebenefits,likehelpingpolicefindsuspectsfastorallowingsecureaccess,therisksoftenseemlarger.Inaworldfulloftricks,peoplecanreplacestolenpapersbutnottheirfaces.Therefore,wemustcarefullybalancerusheduseagainstnecessaryuse.Untilstrongrulesaremadetoensuresafety,privacy,andjustice,wemustbecareful.Whenaskedtoscanyourface,itisimportanttothink:dotherealbenefitsoutweightherisksforeveryone?1.Whyhavesomestoresbeenstronglycriticizedaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Theypromotedthetechnologyforeasiertravel.

B.Theyusedthetechnologywithoutaskingcustomersfirst.

C.Theyfailedtoprovidefastandsafeservices.

D.Theyrecordedcustomers'actionslikenormalcameras.2.Whatistheauthor'smainconcernaboutusingfacialrecognitioninschools?

A.ItisnotasconvenientasQRcodepayments.

B.Itmayputchildren'slong-termprivacyatrisk.

C.Itistooexpensiveformostschoolstoafford.

D.Itisunabletoprotectchildren'ssafetyeffectively.3.WhatisakeydifferencebetweenfacialdataandQRcodesmentionedinthethirdparagraph?

A.Facialdataiseasiertoscan.

B.QRcodescanbetakenoffthesystem.

C.Facialdataislessaccurate.

D.QRcodesaremoreactivelyused.4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointhelastparagraph?

A.Alwaysrefusetouseanyfacialrecognitionservice.

B.Waituntilthetechnologybecomesperfectlyfoolproof.

C.Thinkcarefullyabouttherisksbeforeusingit.

D.Replaceallphysicaldocumentswithfacialdata.答案與解析答案：B

解析：

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“However,thisconvenience...Somestoreshavefacedstrongcriticismforscanningfaceswithoutpermission,breakingcustomertrust.”可知，一些商店被強(qiáng)烈批評是因?yàn)槲唇?jīng)允許（withoutpermission）掃描顧客的臉，即沒有事先征求同意。選項(xiàng)B與此相符。答案：B

解析：

推理判斷題。第二段主要討論了面部識別技術(shù)對兒童的應(yīng)用及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文中指出，盡管學(xué)校試用該技術(shù)被說成是為了安全（Thoughsaidtobeforsafety），但存在數(shù)據(jù)濫用的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并且有公司未能妥善保護(hù)兒童面部數(shù)據(jù)的案例。最后一句總結(jié)說，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)正悄然成為年輕人的常態(tài)，“despitepossiblelong-termeffects”（盡管可能有長期影響）。由此可推斷，作者主要擔(dān)心的是這可能對兒童的長期隱私構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。答案：B

解析：

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段明確將面部數(shù)據(jù)與二維碼進(jìn)行對比：“ItalsodiffersfromtoolslikeQRcodes,whichcanberemoved.Facialdataispermanent.”（它也與像二維碼這樣的工具不同，二維碼可以被移除。面部數(shù)據(jù)是永久性的。）因此，關(guān)鍵區(qū)別在于二維碼可以被移除（刪除），而面部數(shù)據(jù)不能。選項(xiàng)B“QRcodescanbetakenoffthesystem”是原文“canberemoved”的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。答案：C

解析：

主旨大意題。最后一段作者提出了建議。段落最后兩句總結(jié)道：“Untilstrongrulesaremade...wemustbecareful.Whenaskedtoscanyourface,itisimportanttothink:dotherealbenefitsoutweightherisksforeveryone?”（在制定出強(qiáng)有力的規(guī)則之前...我們必須謹(jǐn)慎。當(dāng)被要求掃描你的臉時(shí)，重要的是要思考：真正的益處是否對所有人都大于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？）因此，作者的建議是在使用前要仔細(xì)權(quán)衡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，選項(xiàng)C“在使用前仔細(xì)考慮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”正確概括了這一點(diǎn)。DAnewstudyfromtheUniversityofExeter,sharedinthejournalPain,testedhowwellnaturefilmswatchedinvirtualreality(VR)canlowerpain,comparedwithnormalflatvideos.ItfoundthatVRwasnearlytwiceasgoodatreducingthefeelingofpain.Thestudyworkedwith29healthypeople.Theyfeltpainonthearmthroughsmallelectricshocks,thenwatchedtwokindsofnatureviews.Ontheirfirstvisit,scientistsmeasuredchangesinpainover50minutesaftertheshocks,withoutshowinganynaturescenes.Thehealthypeoplebecamemoresensitivetosharp,prickingpain—aresponsesimilartothatseeninpatientswithnervepain,whichhappensbecauseofchangesinhowpainsignalsarehandledinthebrainandspine.Onthesecondvisit,thesamepeoplewereplacedintoa45-minuteVRexperienceshowingOregon’swaterfalls,toseeifitchangedhowtheirpainsensitivitydeveloped.Thescenewaspickedtoofferthebesthealingeffects.Theyalsowatchedthesamesceneonanormal2Dscreen.Aftereachviewing,theyansweredquestionsabouttheirpain,howmuchtheyfelt“inside”theexperience,andhowrefreshingthenaturescenesfelt.TheteamfoundthattheimmersiveVRexperiencegreatlysloweddownthespreadandgrowthofpainsensitivitytosharpprickingfeelings.Thesehelpfuleffectsonpainlasteduntiltheendofthe45-minutesession.Dr.SoniaMedina,fromtheUniversityofExeterMedicalSchoolandawriterofthestudy,said:“WebelieveVRworksespeciallywellinloweringpainbecauseitissoabsorbing.Ittrulygavepeoplethesenseofbeingthereinnature—andthepainreliefwasstrongestforthosewhofeltthissenseofpresencethemost.”1.WhatwasthemainfindingoftheUniversityofExeterstudy?

A.FlatvideosarebetteratreducingpainthanVR.

B.VRnaturefilmswerenearlytwiceaseffectiveas2Dvideosinreducingpain.

C.Oregon'swaterfallsarethebestnaturesceneforpainrelief.

D.Thestudyinvolvedpatientswithlong-termnervepain.2.Duringtheexperiment,whatdidparticipantsexperienceontheirfirstvisit?

A.TheywatchedaVRexperienceimmediatelyaftertheshocks.

B.Theirpainsensitivityincreasedwithoutseeinganynaturescenes.

C.Theycompared2DandVRvideosofdifferentscenes.

D.Theyreportedfeelingfullypresentinavirtualforest.3.Theword"absorbing"inDr.SoniaMedina'squoteisclosestinmeaningto"______".

A.expensive

B.immersive

C.common

D.tiring4.Accordingtothestudy,forwhomwasthepain-reducingeffectofVRthegreatest?

A.Thosewhowatchedthe2Dscreenforalongertime.

B.Thosewhohadthestrongestfeelingofbeingpresentinnature.

C.ThosewhopreferredflatvideosoverVRexperiences.

D.Thosewhodidnotreceiveelectricshocks.答案與解析1.答案:B

解析:根據(jù)第一段最后一句，"ItfoundthatVRwasnearlytwiceasgoodatreducingthefeelingofpain."研究發(fā)現(xiàn)VR在減輕疼痛感方面效果幾乎是（2D視頻）的兩倍。選項(xiàng)B準(zhǔn)確地概括了這一主要發(fā)現(xiàn)。2.答案:B

解析:根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容，在第一次訪問中，科學(xué)家們在電擊后50分鐘內(nèi)測量疼痛變化，沒有展示任何自然場景，結(jié)果"健康的人變得對尖銳的刺痛更加敏感"。選項(xiàng)B"Theirpainsensitivityincreasedwithoutseeinganynaturescenes."（在沒有看到任何自然場景的情況下，他們的疼痛敏感性增加了）與此描述一致。3.答案:B

解析:根據(jù)最后一段Dr.SoniaMedina的話，"WebelieveVRworksespeciallywellinloweringpainbecauseitissoabsorbing."她認(rèn)為VR能特別有效地減輕疼痛是因?yàn)樗浅?absorbing"。結(jié)合前文描述VR是"immersive"（沉浸式的），以及她解釋的"Ittrulygavepeoplethesenseofbeingthereinnature"，可以推斷"absorbing"在此語境下與"immersive"（沉浸的，引人入勝的）意思最接近。4.答案:B

解析:根據(jù)文章最后一句，"thepainreliefwasstrongestforthosewhofeltthissenseofpresencethemost."疼痛緩解對那些感受到最強(qiáng)臨場感的人最為有效。選項(xiàng)B"Thosewhohadthestrongestfeelingofbeingpresentinnature."（那些對身處大自然有最強(qiáng)感受的人）是這句話的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。讀后續(xù)寫（滿分25分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進(jìn)行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的故事。Leonard’sbowdrewacrossthestringsofhiscello,releasingacascadeofnotesthatfilledtheundergroundcorridor.Hecouldn’tseetherush-hourcommutershurryingpast—couldn’tseetheiravertedeyesorthewaytheycheckedwatches—buthefelttheirpresencelikegustsofwind.ToLeonard,whohadlosthissightattwenty,musicwashisremaininglanguageofcolor.Eachmelodypaintedhuesinhisdarkness:minorkeysweredeeppurplesandblues,majorchordsburstsofgold.Theyhearbutdonotlisten,

hethought,hisfingersfindingtheirplacesbymemoryalone.HecompletedBach’sCelloSuiteNo.5,thefinalnotelingeringinthedampairbeforedissolvingintotherumbleofanapproachingtrain.Silencefollowed.Notthesilenceofappreciation,butthehollowkindLeonardknewtoowell—thesoundofindifference.Heloweredhisbow,shouldersslumping.

Anotherdayofinvisibleart,

hemused,beginningtorotatethetuningpegs.Aroundhim,footstepscontinuedtheirrhythmictapping,acounterpointtohisdisappointment.Then,asmallvoicepiercedthequiet.“Thatwasbeautiful!Itsoundedlikearainbowfellintomyears!”Everymovementceased.Leonardfroze,hissightlesseyeswidening.Thevoicebelongedtoachild—agirlnamedElla,ashewouldlearn—whohadtuggedhermother’shandtostop.Intheutterstillnessthatfollowedherdeclaration,somethingshifted.Onepersonbegantoclap.Thenanother.Likesuddenrainafterdrought,applauseswelled,fillingthestationwiththunderousaffirmation.CoinsandbillsshoweredintoLeonard’sopencase,butricherthanthatwasthewarmthofhuman