【英語】高三英語閱讀理解(教育文化)解題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認(rèn)知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建議)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，因?yàn)檫@樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認(rèn)知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。所以本文的目標(biāo)讀者是父母們，而不是研究人員、老師或兒童。故選C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內(nèi)、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告訴父母們?nèi)绻麄冞@樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認(rèn)知能力。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，滿足三個要求的人認(rèn)知能力最好，接下來是滿足睡眠時間以及屏幕消遣限制時間，最后是滿足屏幕消遣限制時間。據(jù)此推斷，體育鍛煉對認(rèn)知能力影響最小。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建議父母們給孩子設(shè)立睡眠規(guī)則，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是確保孩子在臥室里有足夠的睡眠時間。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

"Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberudetosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedbysimplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthehadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.

Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinesstomedicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participantsrecordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiencesoverthecourseofthatday.

Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalfhadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvariousmeans,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.

Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.

Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.

Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocanlimitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement(強(qiáng)化)andbuildacivilworkplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsandhelpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.（1）WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?A.

Thepopularityofrudeness.

B.

Aregularcauseofrudeness.C.

Anewfindingaboutrudeness.

D.

Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.（2）Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?A.

Tomakethemspreadrudeness.B.

Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.C.

Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.D.

Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.（3）Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?A.

Beingunwillingtowork.

B.

Poorabilitytodotheirwork.C.

Seriousemotionalsufferings.

D.

Lessinteractionwithothers.（4）Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，關(guān)于“無禮”行為作為一種“傳染性”行為是可以避免的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebadbehavior”你甚至不必成為不良行為的目標(biāo)，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了這種無禮行為的“傳染性”之后，是在引出一項(xiàng)關(guān)于這種行為的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上，參與者還觀看了一段描述某種工作場所互動的短視頻；第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday…”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為……和第五段中的“Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.”然而，并不是所有的參與者都受到了粗魯視頻的影響?？芍寘⑴c者觀看視頻是為了讓他們受到更多的影響而研究他們的情緒變化。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為，而且他們也更有可能逃離同事，以免自己成為無禮行為的受害者。他們報告說，他們的整體工作因此受到影響?？芍恍﹨⑴c者在觀看視頻之后會逃避與人交流以免成為受影響者。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究開始前幾周，參與者完成了一項(xiàng)評估，評估內(nèi)容包括他們的自信心和情緒穩(wěn)定性等。在這項(xiàng)評估中得分較高的參與者受粗魯行為影響的可能性明顯較低?？芍灰资艿接绊懙娜溯^為冷靜沉著。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

SomeAfricanschoolsareaddingprogramsthatteachwhatofficialsarecalling"softskills"tostudents.Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife.

ThetrainingisbeingofferedattheSt.BernadetteKamonyiSecondarySchoolinKigali,Rwanda.Forweeks,itsstudentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinesses.Thegoalofthesefieldtripsisfortheyoungpeopletolearnwhatisnecessarytosecureajob.

Forthesecondaryschoolstudents,thisinformationisimportant.Inafewmonths,they'llcompletetheirstudiesandtrytheirbesttofindwork.OneoftheRwandanstudentsis22-year-oldAminadabNiyitegeka.Hesayshewilllookforanyjobavailable.Hehopesthatwhathelearnsinhisworkreadinessclasswillhelp.Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining.Itispartofanefforttopreparestudentstobecomebettercommunicators,problemsolversandcitizens(公民).

RwandahasstartedaworkreadinesstrainingprogramcalledAkaziKanozeAccess.Itmeans"workwelldone"inKinyarwanda,theofficiallanguageofRwanda.Theprogramhastrainedmorethan20,000studentstohelpmakethemmoreappealingtoemployers.

EmmanuelNtagungiraisateacherandworksasatrainerforAkaziKanozeAccess,Heoftenvisitsemployerswhohavegivenjobstohighschools.Theemployersareveryhappybecausethegraduatesarereadytowork.Hesayshehopestheprogramwillhelplowerunemployment,whichstandsatover13percentnationwide.Healsoexplainsthatthegraduateshaveahealthymindsetandemployersaresatisfiedwiththejobthey'vebeendoing.（1）Whichofthefollowingisnotanexampleof"softskills"?A.Beingcompetentinsoftware.B.Communicatingwithotherswell.C.Makingagoodspeechinpublic.D.Havingagoodsenseofcooperation.（2）InwhatwayhavesecondaryschoolsinAfricachanged?A.Theyfocusonmathematicsandscience.B.Theyignoreareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.C.Theyapplynewteachingmethods.D.Theymakeanefforttoofferstudentssoftskills.（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.TheprogramKaziKanozeAccessaimstoappealtoemployers.B.AminadabNiyitegekawilldefinitelyfindagoodjobaftergraduation.C.Studentswithsoftskillsarelikelytogetalongwellwithothers.D.Studentshavebeenvisitingneighborhoodbusinessestosecureajob.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了在非洲一些地區(qū)和學(xué)校實(shí)施的“軟技能”項(xiàng)目，即關(guān)注學(xué)生個人品質(zhì)教學(xué)項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施情況，這種培訓(xùn)可以幫助學(xué)生在就業(yè)市場和生活中取得成功。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers”可知，軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。所以軟件操作不是個人品質(zhì)，就不是軟技能。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Traditionally,secondaryschoolsinAfricahavespentmoretimeonsubjectslikemathematicsandscience,largelyignoringareaslikepublicspeakingandteamwork.Butthatischanging.Schoolsareexploringnewteachingmodelstooffersoftskillsandprofessionaltraining”可知傳統(tǒng)上，非洲的中學(xué)花時間在數(shù)學(xué)和科學(xué)等科目上，很大程度上會忽略公共演講和團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作等領(lǐng)域。但現(xiàn)在這樣的情況正在改變。學(xué)校正在探索新的教學(xué)模式以提供軟技能和專業(yè)訓(xùn)練。所以非洲中級學(xué)校的改變是他們努力教給學(xué)生軟技能。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Softskillsarepersonalqualitiesthathelpapersonrelateeffectivelytoothers.Officialssaythiskindoftrainingcanhelpstudentssucceedinthejobmarketandinlife”可知軟技能是指人的品質(zhì)，能幫助人與人之間有效交流的品質(zhì)。權(quán)威人士說這樣的訓(xùn)練能幫助學(xué)生在找工作和生活中成功。因此軟技能幫學(xué)生跟人和睦相處。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Canyouimagineaworldwithoutmusic?Studiesshowthatpublicschoolsacrossthecountryarecuttingbackonmusicclassestosavemoney.Evenworse,someschoolshaveneverhadmusicclassestobeginwith.Butwithoutthem,students'academic(學(xué)術(shù)的)growthandspiritualhealthcouldsuffer.Infact,musicclassesarenecessaryforallstudentsinschools.

RecentstudiesBrownUniversityhaveshownthatstudentswhoreceivedmusiceducationclasseswerebetterinmathandreadingskillsthanthosewithoutmusicclasses.AnotherstudybyTheCollegeBoardfoundthatstudentstakingmusicandartclassesgothigherpoints.Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.

Musicprogramsinpublicschoolsalsohelptoaddtoastudent'ssenseofprideandself-confidence.Teenstodayhavetoomanylearningtasks.Besides,theyhavefamilyproblems,self-confidenceproblems,relationshiptroubles,andchoicesaboutsmokeandalcohol(酒精).Allofthesecanstopacademicsuccess,butmusiceducationcanhelp.AstudybyTheTexasCommissiononDrugandAlcoholAbusefoundthatstudentswhotookpartinschoolmusicprogramswerelesslikelytoturntosmoke.Musicprogramsencouragestudentstoworktogethertoproduceanexcellentperformance.

Musiccrosseslanguage,classandculture.Musicallowsstudentsfromdifferentcountriestoconnect.Forexample,ataschooltalentshow,anewJapanesestudentplayedapianoduet(二重奏)withanAmericanclassmate.Twostudentsfromdifferentculturesworkedasateamwithself-confidenceandcommonpurposethroughmusic.

Thegiftofmusicispriceless.Weneedtobesuretohavenecessarymusicclassesforallstudents.Theworldislosingitsmusic,andputtingmusicintoschoolsisthefirststeptogetitback.（1）Thetwostudiesseemtoshowthat________.A.studentswithgreatsuccessattendmusiclessonsB.musicclassesplayanimportantroleinstudents'growthC.notallstudentscouldhavemusicclassesatschoolD.studentswhohavemusicclassesdobetterinallsubjects（2）TheexampleinParagraph4mainlysuggeststhat________.A.musicmakescross-culturalcommunicationpossibleB.differentcultureshavedifferentstylesofmusicC.JapanhasagoodrelationshipwithAmericaD.JapaneseandAmericanstudentsaregoodatplayingthepiano（3）Whatcanwelearnabouteducationwithmusicclasses?A.Itallowsschoolstomakemoremoney.B.Itcancausealotofacademicproblems.C.Itwillaffecttheworldculturalcommunicationgreatly.D.Itdoesgoodtostudents'academicsuccessandspiritualhealth.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheImportanceofMusicClassesinSchoolB.Music—ABridgetoUnderstandingC.StudiesonMusicEducationD.HowtoGetMusicBack【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，全國各地的公立學(xué)校正在削減音樂課，以節(jié)省開支。但作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育；音樂課程也有助于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的自豪感和自信心，音樂跨越語言、階級和文化。音樂使來自不同國家的學(xué)生相互聯(lián)系。作者提出需要確保所有學(xué)生都參加必要的音樂課。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.”學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育。上音樂課對學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)有幫助，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Twostudentsfromdifferentculturesworkedasateamwithself-confidenceandcommonpurposethroughmusic.”兩個來自不同文化背景的學(xué)生作為一個團(tuán)隊(duì)通過音樂自信、有共同目標(biāo)在一起合作。一個是日本學(xué)生，一個美國的學(xué)生，借由音樂而合作、交流。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Students'academicsuccessseemstodependontheirtakingpartinmusiceducation.”學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績似乎取決于他們是否參加音樂教育；第三段中的”Musicprogramsinpublicschoolsalsohelptoaddtoastudent'ssenseofprideandself-confidence.”公立學(xué)校的音樂課程也有助于增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的自豪感和自信心。兩處結(jié)合，可以推斷出音樂即可以有助于學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)成績，又可以有益于學(xué)生的心理健康，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butwithoutthem,students'academic(學(xué)術(shù)的)growthandspiritualhealthcouldsuffer.Infact,musicclassesarenecessaryforallstudentsinschools.”但是，沒有他們（音樂），學(xué)生的學(xué)業(yè)提高和精神健康可能會受到影響。事實(shí)上，音樂課是學(xué)校所有學(xué)生所必需的。作者認(rèn)為音樂課是重要的，這是文章的主旨，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

YoungmumsshoppingintheCopleyMallindowntownBoston-monthfoundthemselvesbeingquestionedabouttheiruseofsoapbystudentsfromHarvardBusinessSchoolusuallyknownasHBS.Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.

The900studentsarrivinginBostonthissummerfortheirtwo-yearcourseweretoldthattheywouldbesubjects.ThenewpracticaladditiontoHBS'scurriculumisknownas"FIELD"thatstandsforFieldImmersionExperiencesforLeadershipDevelopment.Fieldwork—ie,goingoutandtalkingtopeople—isabigchangeforHBS.

Notallthestaffandstudentswereoverjoyedtobeexperimentedon.Butthemanresponsible,NitinNohria,headofHBS,saysthat"Ifitworks,theFIELDmethodcouldbecomeanequalpartnertothecasemethod."

Whathappensinthesecondyearofthenewcourseisstillbeingworkedout.Butthefirstyearhasthreeelements.First,team-buildingexercises.Studentstaketurnstoleadagroupengagedinaproject.Theylearntocooperateandtogiveandtakefeedback.Second,studentswillbesenttoworkforaweekwithoneofmorethan140firmsin11countries.Inthethirdpartofthecourse,studentswillbegiveneightweeks,andseedmoneyof＄3,000each,tolaunchasmallcompany.Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.Theexperimentdoesnotcomecheap,adding5-10%tothecourse'scost,whichHBSwillbearwhileitfiguresoutwhatworks.（1）Whywerethestudentsquestioningthoseyoungmums,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Topromoteanantibacterialcleanser.B.Toearnsomemoney.C.Topreparetohelpafirmtolaunchaproduct.D.Tomakeastudyaboutsoap.（2）Accordingtotheplanforthefirstyearcourse,thestudents_________.A.willbeledbyagroupandlearntogiveandtakefeedbackB.willhavetosetupasmallcompanyandearnatleast$3,000withineightweeksC.willgetmorefundingifhis/hercompanyisconsideredtobemostsuccessfulbythefellowstudentsD.willbesenttoworkwithoneofmorethan140firmsthroughoutthecountry（3）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.ANewCourse.B.WaysofLearning.C.LearningBusinessinPractice.D.LaunchingaNewBusiness.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了哈佛大學(xué)的一個新方案，即讓學(xué)生通過實(shí)踐學(xué)習(xí)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thestudentswerenotdoingoddjobstoearnbeermoney.TheywerepreparingtohelpafirminBrazillaunchanantibacterialcleanser.”可知，這些學(xué)生并不在打臨時工賺取啤酒錢，他們在幫助一家巴西公司發(fā)布一款抗病菌潔面乳做準(zhǔn)備工作。由此可知，學(xué)生們詢問年輕的媽媽們是為了推廣一款抗病菌潔面乳。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Themostsuccessful,asvotedbytheirfellowstudents,willgetmorefunding.”可知，按照同學(xué)投票，最成功的公司將給予更豐厚的資金。由此可知，根據(jù)第一年的課程計(jì)劃，如果同學(xué)們認(rèn)為他/她的公司是最成功的，他/她的公司將獲得更多的資金。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，哈佛商學(xué)院改良其商業(yè)課程，讓學(xué)生實(shí)地工作，走出教室，與人交談并且還給出三個具體的要素。就是讓學(xué)生把學(xué)到的知識運(yùn)用到實(shí)踐中去，故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解TheDietZone:ADangerousPlace

DietCoke,dietPepsi,dietpills,no-fatdiet,vegetablediet…Wearesurroundedbytheword"diet"everywherewelookandlisten.Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotential（潛力）ofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically.Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.

Ononelevel,wearenotallowingourbraintoadmitthatourweightproblemslienotinactuallylosingtheweight,butincontrollingtheconsumptionoffatty,high-calorie,unhealthyfoods.Dietproductsallowustojumpoverthethinkingstageandgostraightforthescale(秤)instead.Allwehavetodoistoswalloworrecognizetheword"diet"infoodlabels.

Onanotherlevel,dietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink,wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon'thavetoworktogetresults.Dietproductsmakepeoplebelievethatgaincomeswithoutpain,andthatlifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.

Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonus,butalsointhephysicalharmthattheycause.Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients(營養(yǎng)成分).Dietfoodsanddietpillscontainzerocalorieonlybecausethedietindustryhascreatedchemicalstoproducethesewonderproducts.Dietproductsmaynotbenutritional,andthechemicalthatgointodietproductsarepotentiallydangerous.

Nowthatweareawareoftheeffectsthatdietproductshaveonus,itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.Losingweightliesinthepowerofminds,notinthepowerofchemicals.Oncewerealizethis,wewillbemuchbetterabletoresistdietproducts,andthereforepreventthepsychologicalharmthatcomesfromusingthem.（1）FromParagraph1,welearnthat________.A.dietproductsfailtobringoutpeople'spotentialB.peoplehavedifficultyinchoosingdietproductsC.dietproductsaremisleadingpeopleD.peoplearefedupwithdietproducts（2）InParagraph3,"gaincomeswithoutpain"probablymeans_______.A.losingweightiseffortlessB.itcostsalottoloseweightC.dietproductsbringnopainD.dietproductsarefreefromcalories（3）Dietproductsindirectlyharmpeoplephysicallybecausesuchproducts

.A.areover-consumedB.lackbasicnutrientsC.areshortofchemicalsD.providetoomuchenergy（4）Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?Notes:CP:CentralPointP:PointSp:Sub-point(次要點(diǎn))C:ConclusionA.B.C.D.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，我們的生活中充斥著各種各樣的減肥產(chǎn)品。事實(shí)上，減肥產(chǎn)品不僅在身體上而且在心理上都給人們帶來了危害。減肥需要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的決心和實(shí)際的努力鍛煉，因此我們應(yīng)該向減肥產(chǎn)品說不。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wehavesoeasilybeenattractedbythepromiseandpotential（潛力）ofdietproductsthatwehavestoppedthinkingaboutwhatdietproductsaredoingtous.Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically.Dietproductssignificantlyweakenuspsychologically.”可知我們很容易被減肥產(chǎn)品的承諾和功效吸引，而不思考減肥產(chǎn)品給我們帶來了什么。我們付錢購買傷害我們身心健康的產(chǎn)品。減肥產(chǎn)品極大地從心理上削弱我們。所以減肥產(chǎn)品沒有他們自己宣傳的那么好，還會傷害我們自己，即減肥產(chǎn)品在誤導(dǎo)我們。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第三段中的“Everytimewehaveazero-caloriedrink,wearetellingourselveswithoutourawarenessthatwedon'thavetoworktogetresults.”可知每次喝零卡路里的飲料時，我們都在毫無意識地告訴自己不用工作就能有回報；以及“l(fā)ifecanbewithoutresistanceandstruggle.”生活可以沒有反抗和奮斗。因此推斷gaincomeswithoutpain的意思是說明減肥是毫不費(fèi)力的。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Dietfoodscanindirectlyharmourbodiesbecauseconsumingtheminsteadofhealthyfoodsmeanswearepreventingourbodiesfromhavingbasicnutrients(營養(yǎng)成分).”可知減肥食物會間接傷害我們的身體，因?yàn)橄M(fèi)減肥食物而不是健康食物就意味著我們正在阻止我們的身體獲得基本營養(yǎng)。所以推斷減肥食物傷害身體是因?yàn)闇p肥食品缺少基本的營養(yǎng)成分。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wearepayingforproductsthatharmuspsychologicallyandphysically”我們在關(guān)注對我們身心有害的產(chǎn)品；第二段中的“Allwehavetodoistoswalloworrecognizetheword‘diet’infoodlabels.”可知減肥讓我們做的是認(rèn)識“節(jié)食”這個標(biāo)簽；以及“dietproductshavegreaterpsychologicaleffects.”可知減肥產(chǎn)品有很大的心理影響；第四段中的“Thedangerofdietproductsliesnotonlyinthepsychologicaleffectstheyhaveonus,butalsointhephysicalharmthattheycause.”可知減肥產(chǎn)品的危害不僅在心理方面，也在身體方面；第五段中的“itistimetoseriouslythinkaboutbuyingthem.”可知要認(rèn)真考慮要不要買減肥產(chǎn)品。所以文章是先說了減肥產(chǎn)品對身心有害，然后舉了兩個觀點(diǎn)：一是我們了解“節(jié)食”這個標(biāo)簽，二是有很大的心理影響。在心理影響之后又補(bǔ)充了身體的影響，最后提出要認(rèn)真考慮買不買減肥產(chǎn)品。即總說下兩個觀點(diǎn)，在第二個觀點(diǎn)上有兩個支持點(diǎn)，最后再總結(jié)。所以選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Itishard,ithurts—andyetmorethantwomillionofusintheUKrunatleastonceaweek.

Ofcourse,somepeopleruntoloseweight,ortogetfit,andthesearegreatreasons.Runningisalsoeasytodo,it'scheap,andyoucandoitwhenyouwant.AllthesefactorscertainlycontributetothefactthatrunningisoneofthemostpopularsportsintheUK.

Butformanyofthosetwomillionrunners,therealreasonweheadouttobeattheroadsuntilourlegshurtismoreintangible(無形的)thanweightlossorfitness.

Manyrunnersbecomeinterestedintimes.Theytrytobreakthe40-minutebarrierforthe10K,orrununderfourhoursforthemarathon.Yet,really,thesetimesarealmostmeaningless.Andassoonastheyareachieved,anothertargetisthrownoutalmostimmediately.

Thetimesareonlythecarrotsweputinfrontofourselves.Butwhydoweputthemthereinthefirstplace?NobodyevergivesawiseanswerDeepdown,weallknowtheanswer.

Runningbringsusjoy.Watchsmallchildrenwhentheyareexcited,atplay,andmostlytheycan'tstoprunning.There'sagreatmomentinTheCatcherintheRyewhenHoldenCaulfield,caughtintheuneasyspacebetweenchildhoodandadulthood,iswalkingacrosshisschoolgroundsoneeveningandhesuddenlystartstorun.“Idon'teverknowwhatIwasrunningfor一IguessIjustfeltlikeit,”hesays.

Thiswilltorunisborn.Infact,humansmaywellhaveevolved(進(jìn)化)thewaywedidbecauseofourabilitytorun.Aschildren,andevenadolescents,wecanrespondtothisnaturalcalltorunwheneverthefeelingtakesus.

Aswerun,webegintosensethatchildishjoy,whichisborntoliveawilderexistence.Aswerun,thelayersofresponsibilityandidentitywehavegatheredinourlives,father,mother,lawyer,teacher,allfallaway,leavinguswiththerawhumanbeing.

Ifwepushon,runningharder,deeperintotheloneliness,furtherawayfromtheworldandthestructureofourlives,webegintofeelstrangelyexcited,separatedyetatthesametimeconnected,toourselves.Withnothingbutourowntwolegsmovingus,webegintogetasenseofwho,orwhat,wereallyare.Afteralongrun,everythingseemsrightintheworld.Everythingisatpeace.Toexperiencethisisapowerfulfeeling,strongenoughtohaveuscomingback,againandagain,formore.（1）Whydoestheauthorthinksettingtimegoalsisalmostmeaningless?A.Becausethosetimegoalscan'tbeachieved.B.BecausethosetimegoalscanbeachievedeasilyC.Becausepeoplewillbeveryproudoncethetimegoalsareachieved.D.Becausetherewillalwaysbeanewtimegoaloncetheformeroneisachieved.（2）TheauthormentionsthereasonsforrunningEXCEPT___________.A.challengingourselvesB.runningawayfromresponsibilityC.losingweightandkeepingfitD.bringingusjoyandpeaceinmind（3）Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetowardsrunning?A.Uncertain.B.Doubtful.C.Supportive.D.Puzzled.（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.breakingthe40-minutebarrierforthe10K.B.runningunderfourhoursfortheMarathon.C.feelingseparatedfromtheworldafterrunningD.feelingeverythingisrightafteralongrun.（5）Whatmaybethebe