Unit2

Makingadifference1LearningObjectives2Usinglanguage3Vocabulary4Homework1LearningObjectives語言能力掌握描述人物品質(zhì)的核心詞匯，精準(zhǔn)用于人物介紹。理解并歸納過去分詞作定語的用法，能辨析其與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的差異。聽懂志愿者咨詢類對(duì)話，獲取基本信息與細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，能完成信息填寫與復(fù)述任務(wù)。運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言開展電話問詢模擬對(duì)話，能清晰表達(dá)志愿服務(wù)咨詢需求，同時(shí)能撰寫簡短人物介紹文本。思維品質(zhì)提煉人物核心品質(zhì)要素，形成對(duì)“優(yōu)秀品行”的多元認(rèn)知。對(duì)比不同文化背景下的公益行為與志愿服務(wù)模式，探究其共通價(jià)值與差異，深化批判性思維。結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)，創(chuàng)造性設(shè)計(jì)志愿服務(wù)問詢場景，思考可參與的助人方式?；谡Z篇信息評(píng)價(jià)人物行為的社會(huì)意義，建立“微小行動(dòng)推動(dòng)改變”的正向邏輯認(rèn)知。學(xué)習(xí)能力通過對(duì)比分析、改寫練習(xí)等方式鞏固知識(shí)，提升自主探究語法的能力。在小組合作對(duì)話、主題討論中主動(dòng)溝通、傾聽他人觀點(diǎn)，提高合作學(xué)習(xí)與信息共享效率。借助“Learningtolearn”，掌握電話問詢的溝通策略，能自主解決聽力或表達(dá)中的信息獲取問題。文化意識(shí)感受中外公益行為背后的價(jià)值追求，理解“善行不分國界”的跨文化共識(shí)，尊重多元文化中的公益理念。結(jié)合自身生活體驗(yàn)，樹立關(guān)愛他人、參與志愿服務(wù)的意識(shí)，增強(qiáng)社會(huì)責(zé)任感與公民意識(shí)。通過中外優(yōu)秀人物事跡的學(xué)習(xí)，深化對(duì)“社會(huì)責(zé)任”的理解，形成積極向上的人生價(jià)值觀。Usinglanguage2Activity1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1.Whatwasspokeninsentence(a)?Whatwasfinishedinsentence(b)?2.Whydoestheauthoruse-edinsteadof-ing?Because“thewords”were“spoken”insteadof“speaking”,and“thewell”was“finished”insteadof“finishing”.Thewordsinboldshowpassiveinsteadofactiveactions.“Thewords”werespokeninsentence(a).“Thewell”wasfinishedinsentence(b).Activity13.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences?4.Whydoestheauthorchoosetouse-edinsteadofanattributiveclauseinthereadingpassage?Thesentencesusing-edasattributivearemoreconciseandformal.Sentences(a)and(b)contain-edasattributivewhilesentences(c)and(d)containattributiveclauses.Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.-edasadverbial—過去分詞作定語過去分詞可表示被動(dòng)和完成，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作通常和它所修飾的名詞之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例句：Isthisthebookrecommendedbytheteacher?=Isthisthebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacher?這是老師推薦的那本書嗎？1.前置定語。單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之前。例句：Thegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.地上滿是落葉。Peopleshouldn'tbeexposedtopollutedwater.人們不應(yīng)該接觸被污染了的水。2.后置定語。過去分詞短語作定語，通常放在被修飾詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。例句：Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplansupportedbymostpeople．=Iwasinstructedtocarryoutaplanwhichwassupportedbymostpeople.我被要求執(zhí)行一個(gè)多數(shù)人支持的計(jì)劃。一、位置注意：1.有些過去分詞表示特定含義，單獨(dú)作定語也放在所修飾詞的后面。如：left(剩余的)，given(所給的)，concerned(有關(guān)的)等。另外，單個(gè)過去分詞作定語修飾代詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：Thereisalittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.Heisoneofthoseinvited.一、位置注意：2.有些過去分詞作定語既可前置也可后置，意義不變，但有些過去分詞置于被修飾詞前后的位置不同，則意義也不相同。例如：Allthebrokenwindowshavebeenrepaired.=Allthewindowsbrokenhavebeenrepaired.所有壞了的窗戶都已經(jīng)修理好了。Themethodusedisveryefficient.所用的這個(gè)方法很有效。Thisisausedcarworthonly5,000yuan.這是一輛只值5000元的舊車。一、位置二、用法1.單個(gè)分詞作定語，一般置于被修飾的名詞之前，常表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作（或沒有一定時(shí)間性的動(dòng)作）。例句：InUganda,Ryanatlastsawthefinishedwellwith

hisowneyes.在烏干達(dá)，Ryan終于親眼見到了已經(jīng)完工的井。2.若被修飾的代詞為those,something,everything,nothing等，則過去分詞要放在其后。例句：Heisoneofthoseinvited.他是受邀人之一。二、用法3.過去分詞短語作定語，置于所修飾的名詞之后。例句：Wouldyouliketoexplainthedetailinproblems

mentionedinthischapter?你愿意詳細(xì)解釋一下這一章提到的問題嗎？4.當(dāng)過去分詞或過去分詞短語位于被修飾的名詞之后時(shí)，往往可用定語從句代替。例句：Mostoftheguestsinvitedtothepartyweremy

classmates.=Mostoftheguestswhowereinvitedtotheparty

were

myclassmates.大部分受邀參加此次聚會(huì)的賓客都是我的同學(xué)。1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，具有完成和被動(dòng)兩層含義。steamedbread饅頭boiledwater開水2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表示動(dòng)作的完成，無被動(dòng)之意。afallentree一棵倒下的樹aretiredworker一位退休工人thestolenbackpack被偷走的背包

三、意義四、不同非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作定語的區(qū)別語法形式意義時(shí)間關(guān)系過去分詞作定語done表示被動(dòng)意義表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒有一定的時(shí)間性Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上討論的這個(gè)問題非常重要。（表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）現(xiàn)在分詞作定語doing表示主動(dòng)意義表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或現(xiàn)在（當(dāng)時(shí)）的狀態(tài)Theylivedinaroomfacingsouth.他們住在一個(gè)朝南的房間里。（表示當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)）beingdone表示被動(dòng)意義表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Theproblembeingdiscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上正在討論的這個(gè)問題非常重要。（表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）不定式todo表示主動(dòng)意義表示主動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生ThemantohelpusisTom.將要幫助我們的那個(gè)男人是湯姆。tobedone表示被動(dòng)意義表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.會(huì)上將要討論的這個(gè)問題非常重要。（表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生）五、知識(shí)延伸1.有些表示情感或心理狀態(tài)的過去分詞已經(jīng)完全形容詞化，常見的這類過去分詞有：disappointed(失望的)，moved(感動(dòng)的)，interested(感興趣的)，surprised(感到驚訝的)，shocked(震驚的,震撼的)，puzzled(迷惑不解的)，frightened(受驚嚇的)等。2.感官動(dòng)詞look,smell,sound,taste,feel和不及物動(dòng)詞及短語，如belongto,datefrom,consistof,start,happen,takeplace等，沒有被動(dòng)形式，所以作定語時(shí)通常用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。Activity2ReadthediscussionbetweentwostudentsaboutRyan’sfoundation.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingthe-edform.Ryanisayoungmanwhoisadmiredbyalotofpeople.ThemoneywhichisraisedbyhisfoundationsupportsschoolsandcommunitiesinAfrica.Ithinkdiggingwellsfordrinkingwaterisagoodwaytosolvetheproblemofwatershortage.Ryanisayoungmanadmiredbyalotofpeople.ThemoneyraisedbyhisfoundationsupportsschoolsandcommunitiesinAfrica.Activity2ReadthediscussionbetweentwostudentsaboutRyan’sfoundation.Rewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingthe-edform.AsinthewordsspokenbyRyan,weneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.Ithinkthesupportneededincludesnewtechnologyforrecyclingwaterandeducationonhowtouseandsavewater.Iabsolutelyagreewithyou.Diggingwellsisagoodway,butnottheonlyway,tosolvetheproblemofwatershortageinAfrica.AsinthewordswhichwerespokenbyRyan,weneedtonotonlydonatemoneybutalsogetnewideas.Ithinkthesupportwhichisneededincludesnewtechnologyforrecyclingwaterandeducationonhowtouseandsavewater.Activity3Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectformofthewords.TheUnitedNationsChildren’sFund,alsoknowing/knownasUNICEF,isaUnitedNations(UN)organisationbasing/basedinNewYork.Itoffershelpneeding/needed

bychildrenallovertheworld.

Activity3Readthepassageandchoosethecorrectformofthewords.UNICEFwasfoundedon11December1946,toprovidefoodandhealthcaretochildrenincountriesdamaging/damagedinWorldWarII.Since1953,UNICEFhastakenupanextendedmissiontohelpchildreninthedeveloping/developedworld,includingthoseliving/livedwithdiseasesordisabilities,andthoseaffecting/affectedbyrapidmodernisationandenvironmentalproblems.Now,UNICEFhasbeenworkingtoimprovethelivesofchildrenandtheirfamiliesacross190countriesandterritories.Activity4Readthedescriptionsandunderlinethewordsthatdescribepersonalqualities.Activity5PutthewordsyouunderlinedinActivity4intothetable.Addanymoreyoucanthinkof.positiveindependentgenerous,honestconfident,creativeeasygoing,loyalintelligentdeterminedwarmheartedstraightforwardneutralsensitiveseriousbookishshyself-consciousstrictnegativenervouslazyshortsightedselfishmeanslackActivity6Workinpairs.Talkaboutpeople’spersonalqualitiesusingthewordsyouhavelearnt.A:Ithinkmycousinisverybrave.B:Whydoyouthinkso?A:…Thetopicshouldbecenteredaroundacharacter.Youcanchooseyourfavoriteperson,themostfamiliarperson,themostadmiredperson,themostcharacteristicperson,etc.Activity7Listentothephoneenquiryandcompletethesentencewiththecorrectending.dacbuildarelationshipwiththemActivity8Listenagainandcompletetheform.PersonalinformationName:SarahWhiteTelephone:07786653048Preferredfield:.VoluntaryworkdescriptionIntendedvoluntarywork:teachingchildrenwithdisabilities

atPeter’sStablerAim:forthechildrento

.andrealisethattheycan

.inspiteoftheirdisabilities

Role:working

.withthesamechildreninorderto

.

.AdditionalinformationneededYourpreviousexperience

.A

.forconfirmationAvailableworkinghoursworkingwithchildrentoridehorseshavefunstillenjoysportsoneononeasavolunteerreferencefromsomeonewhoknowsyouActivity8Learningtolearn.Ifyouhavetosaynotoarequest,yourrefusalwillsoundmorepoliteifyoubeginwithastatementofregret,suchasI'msorry...,I'dreallyliketo,but...Thenexplainwhyyouranswerisno,egI'mreallybusyrightnow.Ifpossible,suggestanalternative—Howaboutnextweek?Activity9Workinpairs.Actoutatelephoneenquiry.studentAYou’reinterestedintakingupvoluntaryworkaboutenvironmentalprotection,andyou’regoingtomakeatelephoneenquiryaboutit.Informationyou’dliketoknow:whatkindofworkisavailabletheresponsibilitiesoftheworktherequirementsonyouthepersontocontactActivity9Workinpairs.Actouttheconversationaboutaskingforafavourandrefusingpolitely.studentBYouworkatavolunteercentre.Yourjobistoanswerenquiriesaboutvoluntaryworkandgivepracticalstep-by-stepadviceonhowtogetstarted.Thevoluntaryworkyourecommendiscoastalclean-upatNorthBeach.Responsibilities:collectwastefromthebeachstoppeoplefromlitteringthebeachandtheoceanrecordthewasteandwritereportsRequirements:fillintheregistrationformprovidealetterofrecommendationthinkaboutthetimeyouwanttohelpoutContact:MrBrown,Tel.012348121773Vocabularyextendedadj.延伸的；伸展的例句：Ifyouaregoingabroadforanextendedperiodoftime,youshould considerrentingyourhouseout.如果你會(huì)出國一段時(shí)間，你應(yīng)該考

慮把你的房子租出去。extendv.延長；延伸；持續(xù)；擴(kuò)大······的影響；表示，提供extendsthtosb提供/給予某人某事物extendfor/into/over延續(xù)extendsthtosb/sth把······擴(kuò)大到······extendsthfor/by/until把······延長至······例句：Someofourcoursesextendovertwoyears.我們的有些課程修讀期超過兩年。sensitiveadj.敏感的，容易生氣的besensitiveto（1）對(duì)······敏感的例句：Ateachermustbesensitivetoeverychild'sneeds.老師必須對(duì)每個(gè)孩子的需求體察入微。（2）易受傷害的；神經(jīng)過敏的例句：Sheisverysensitivetocriticism.她一聽批評(píng)就急。besensitiveabout介意……；在乎……inasense在某種意義上innosense決不（放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝）thereisnosenseindoingsth做某事沒有意義makesense有意義 makesenseof理解generousadj.慷慨的；大方的begeneroustosb對(duì)某人是慷慨的begenerouswithsth在某方面是慷慨的begenerousindoingsth慷慨地做某事例句：Thegentlemanisquitegeneroustothepoor.那位紳士對(duì)窮人非常大方。Oneshouldbegenerouswithhistimeinhelpingothers.一個(gè)人應(yīng)不吝惜時(shí)間幫助別人。Nativesaregenerousinhelpingus.當(dāng)?shù)厝藰酚趲椭覀儭esitatev.遲疑，猶豫hesitatetodosth猶豫做某事hesitateabout/oversth對(duì)某事猶豫不決hesitate(about)+wh-從句/wh-+todosth對(duì)······猶豫不決例句：Shehesitatedoverthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.這兩件連衣裙究竟選哪一件，她猶豫不決。hesitantadj.猶豫的hesitationn.猶豫；躊躇with