第1題玉米的祖先是墨西哥的大芻草(TheancestorofcornsisMexicanteosinte.)第2題甘薯源自北美的野生祖先(SweetpotatoessourcefromtheirwildpredecessorsinNorthAmerica)第3題列文虎克發(fā)明了世界上第一臺光學顯微鏡(Leeuwenhoekinventedthefirstopticalmicroscopeintheworld)第1題遺傳物質(zhì)DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)者是(ThediscovererofthegeneticmaterialDNAis?)AMiescherBAveryCWatson和CrickDMendel第2題狹義的分子生物學的主要研究對象是?(Themajorresearchobjectofmolecularbiologyinanarrowsenseis?)A蛋白質(zhì)(Protein)B核酸(NucleicAcid)C糖類(Sugar)D脂類(Lipid)第3題史上第一個重組DNA分子的出現(xiàn)是在哪年？(WhichyeardidthefirstrecombinantDNAmolecularinhistoryappear?)A1953B1965C1972D1983第4題人類基因組草圖公布的時間是哪年？(Whichyearwashumangenomedraftannounced?)A1972B1988C1995D2001第5題DNA的發(fā)現(xiàn)者是(DNAwasdiscoveredby?)AMiescherBAveryCWatson和CrickDMendel第6題DNA重組技術(shù)的元老是(ThefounderofrecombinantDNAtechnologyis?)AAveryBCrickCPaulBergDCraigVenter第7題DNA雙螺旋分子表面有大溝和小溝，其形成原因是(TherearemajorgrooveandminorgrooveonthesurfaceofDNAdoublehelixmolecules,sotheformingreasonis?)A兩條分子的極性相反(Polaritiesofbothmoleculesareopposite)B堿基方向相反(Basicgroupsareinoppositedirection)C配對堿基的糖苷鍵夾角不是180度(Theincludedangleofglucosidicbondsofpairedbasicgroupsisnot180°)第8題與蛋白發(fā)生互作的場所常常是DNA的(TheusualareawheretheinteractionwithproteinhappensisDNA’s)A大溝(MajorGroove)B小溝(MinorGroove)C堿基對之間(BetweenBasePairs)第9題以下哪個蛋白不是DNA復制過程中需要的(WhichproteinasfollowsisnotneededintheprocessofDNAreproduction?)A單鏈結(jié)合蛋白(SSB)B解螺旋酶（helicase）C拓撲異構(gòu)酶(TOPO)DRNaseHE逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(RT)正確答案：E第10題DNA指導的RNA合成,以下說法哪個是錯誤的(ForDNAguidedRNAsynthesis,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?)A一個基因的DNA序列進行轉(zhuǎn)錄時可同時結(jié)合多個RNA聚合酶(WhentheDNAsequenceofonegeneistranscribed,itcancombinewithmultipleRNApolymerasessimultaneously)BDNA雙鏈中一條鏈作為模板指導RNA合成(OneofDNAdoublestrandsplaystheroleoftemplatetoguideDNAsynthesis.)CDNA雙鏈體的解旋是永久性的(TheunwindingofDNAdoublestrandsispermanent.)DRNA合成不需要引物(RNAsynthesisdoesnotneedanyprimer.)第11題真核基因是不連續(xù)基因，是指(Eukaryoticgenesarediscontinuousgenes,meaning)A基因在基因組中是被非基因序列間隔開的(Genesareseparatedbynon-geneticsequencesinthegenome)B基因和基因之間被內(nèi)含子隔開(Genesareseparatedfromgenesbyintrons)C基因的蛋白質(zhì)編碼序列在DNA水平是被打斷的(TheproteincodingsequenceofageneisbrokenattheDNAlevel)D基因在轉(zhuǎn)錄時是不連續(xù)的(Genesarediscontinuousduringtranscription)第12題以下關(guān)于翻譯，哪些說法是錯誤的(Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttranslationisfalse？)A整個過程都需要蛋白質(zhì)因子的參與(Thewholeprocessrequirestheparticipationofproteinfactors)B起始因子負責核糖體小亞基與mRNA的結(jié)合(InitiationfactorsareresponsibleforbindingribosomalsubunitstomRNA)C核糖體RNA可催化肽鍵形成(RibosomalRNAcancatalyzestheformationofpeptidebond)D一類特殊的tRNA可以識別終止密碼子(AspecialclassoftRNAcanrecognizeterminationcodon)第13題以下哪個不是原核基因表達和調(diào)控的特點(Whichofthefollowingisnotacharacteristicofprokaryoticgeneexpressionandregulation？)A邊轉(zhuǎn)錄邊翻譯(Translatewhiletranscribing)B功能相關(guān)基因共轉(zhuǎn)錄，一開俱開、一關(guān)俱關(guān)(Function-relatedgeneswereco-transcribed,allonwhileoneon,andalloffwhileoneoff)C多順反子發(fā)生選擇性拼接(Polycistronexperiencesselectivesplicing)D環(huán)境信號通過調(diào)控蛋白影響基因轉(zhuǎn)錄(Environmentalsignalsaffectgenetranscriptionthroughregulatoryproteins)第14題以下關(guān)于真核基因轉(zhuǎn)錄特點的描述，哪個是錯誤的(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthetranscriptioncharacteristicsofeukaryoticgenesisfalse)A啟動子外存在多種調(diào)控元件(Multipleregulatoryelementsexistoutsidethepromoter)B絕緣子可以阻斷增強子作用也可阻斷異染色質(zhì)化擴散(Insulatorscanblockenhanceractionaswellasheterochromatindiffusion)C功能相關(guān)的基因是共轉(zhuǎn)錄成一條mRNA(Function-relatedgenesareco-transcribedintoonemRNA)D初級轉(zhuǎn)錄本需剪接去除內(nèi)含子、連接外顯子(Primarytranscriptsneedsplicingtoremoveintronsandjoinexons)第15題以下哪個與基因表達激活有關(guān)(Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithactivationofgeneexpression)AH3K4甲基化(H3K4methylation)BH3K9甲基化(H3K9methylation)CDNApromoter的甲基化(MethylationofDNApromoter)D組蛋白的去乙?；?Deacetylationofhistones)第16題以下不屬于調(diào)控RNA的是(WhichofthefollowingsdoesnotbelongtoRNAcontrol?)AsiRNABmiRNAClncRNADpiRNAErRNA正確答案：E第17題以下哪個與基因表達抑制有關(guān)(Whichofthefollowingsisrelatedtogeneticexpressionrestriction?)AH3K4甲基化(H3K4methylation)BH3K9甲基化(H3K9methylation)C組蛋白的乙?；?Histoneacetylation)第18題以下哪個屬于轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的調(diào)控(Whichofthefollowingisregulatedatthetranscriptionallevel)A可變剪接(Variablesplicing)B小RNA介導的RNA沉默(RNAsilencingmediatedbysmallRNA)C小RNA指導的染色質(zhì)修飾(ChromatinmodificationguidedbysmallRNA)第19題來自于基因組編碼的單鏈RNA前體的小RNA是指____，源于人工合成或體內(nèi)的雙鏈RNA前體產(chǎn)生的是____，在生殖細胞中表達用于沉默轉(zhuǎn)座子的小RNA是指____。(SmallRNAsderivedfromgenome-encodedsingle-strandedRNAprecursorsarereferredtoas(?),thosederivedfromsyntheticorinvivodouble-strandedRNAprecursorsarereferredtoas(?),andthoseexpressedingermcellsforsilencingtransposonsarereferredtoas(?).)正確答案：:siRNA正確答案：:miRNA正確答案：:piRNA第20題以下關(guān)于基因組的敘述正確的是(Whichofthefollowingsiscorrectstatementaboutgenome?)A基因組越大基因越多(Thelargerthegenome,themorethegenes)B基因組中蛋白質(zhì)編碼基因的占比與生物遺傳復雜性正相關(guān)(Theproportionofproteincodinggenesinagenomeisinpositivecorrelationwiththecomplexityofbiologicalinheritance)C基因組越大基因家族越多(Thelargerthegenome,themorethegenefamilies.)D相比綠色開花植物，酵母基因組中基因的密度很大(Comparedtogreenbloomers,yeastgenomehasdensergenes.)第21題關(guān)于真核基因的論述錯誤的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouteukaryoticgeneiswrong?)A是不連續(xù)基因(Isdiscontinuousgene)B長度是由外顯子長度決定的(Itslengthisdeterminedbythelengthofexon.)C長度是由內(nèi)含子長度決定的(Itslengthisdeterminedbythelengthofintron.)D一個基因家族中的不同成員表現(xiàn)出外顯子的相關(guān)性(Adifferentmemberinagenefamilywillexpresscorrelationwithexon.)第22題關(guān)于假基因的論述錯誤的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutpseudogenesiswrong？)A假基因是指序列與野生型基因類似但喪失功能的DNA序列(PseudogenesareDNAsequencesthataresimilartowild-typegenesbuthavenofunction)B假基因是指序列與野生型基因類似但不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(PseudogenesareDNAsequencesthataresimilartowild-typegenesbutdonotencodeproteins)C假基因可通過轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物發(fā)揮調(diào)控功能(Pseudogenescanplayaregulatoryrolethroughtranscriptionproducts)第23題關(guān)于垃圾DNA（non-codingDNA）的論述正確的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnon-codingDNAistrue)A不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeproteins)B不編碼RNA和蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeRNAandproteins)C沒有功能的DNA序列(DNAsequencewithoutfunction)D刪除后沒有表現(xiàn)型的DNA序列(DNAsequencewithoutphenotypeafterdeletion)第24題關(guān)于垃圾DNA（non-codingDNA）的論述錯誤的是(Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutnon-codingDNAiswrong?)A不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeproteins)B不編碼RNA和蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequencesthatdonotencodeRNAandproteins)C參與基因表達調(diào)控，但不編碼蛋白質(zhì)的DNA序列(DNAsequenceparticipatingintheregulationofgeneexpression,butnotcodingprotein.)D與保護基因組有關(guān)(Relatetogenomeprotection.)第25題合成生命是完全由人工合成的DNA來控制的細胞(SynthesizedlifeiscellscompletelycontrolledbyartificiallysynthesizedDNA.)第26題DNA的復制在細胞分裂前發(fā)生2次(DNAduplicationhappenstwicebeforecelldivision.)第27題基因組越大意味基因的數(shù)目越多(Alargergenomemeansmoregenes.)第28題DNA由四種核苷酸組成，不同基因的區(qū)別在于四種核苷酸的數(shù)目和排列順序不同(DNAismadeupoffourkindsofnucleotideandgenesaredifferentiatedbydifferentnumberandsequenceofthefourkindsofnucleotide.)第29題人的基因組中轉(zhuǎn)座子大約占45%，主要是反轉(zhuǎn)錄轉(zhuǎn)座子(Transposonsaccountforabout45%inhumangenome,mainlyretrotransposons.)第30題與DNA甲基化類似，組蛋白的甲基化修飾總是與基因沉默相關(guān)(SimilartoDNAmethylation,themethylatedmodificationofhistoneisalwaysrelatedtogenesilencing.)第31題核小體重塑的結(jié)果是抑制基因活性(Theresultofnucleosomeremoldingistoinhibitgeneactivity.)第32題增強子可以在遠上游或者遠下游發(fā)揮調(diào)控作用(Enhancerscanplayregulatoryeffectfromfarupstreamorfardownstream.)第33題第34題第35題第三章小測（TestforChapterThree）第1題Woese提出的三域?qū)W說是基于（）序列的分析(ThethreedomainstheoryproposedbyWoeseisbasedontheanalysisof()sequence.)A16SrRNAB28SrRNAC5SrRNAD23SrRNA第2題下列哪個不是細菌的基本結(jié)構(gòu)？(Whichofthefollowingsisnotthebasicstructureofbacteria?)A細胞壁(Cellwall)B細胞膜(Cellmembrane)C細胞質(zhì)(Cytoplasm)D莢膜(Capsule)第3題以下菌株哪個能產(chǎn)生伴胞晶體？(Whichofthefollowingbacterialstraincanproduceparasporalcrystal?)A青霉菌(Penicillium)B白僵菌(Muscardine)C黑曲霉(Aniger)D蘇云金芽胞桿菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)第4題能夠合成抗生素的主要微生物是(Themajormicroorganismforsynthesizingantibioticsis)A放線菌(Actinomycetes)B青霉菌(Penicillium)C芽胞桿菌(Bacillus)D大腸桿菌(Bacilluscoli)第5題藍細菌可以在異形胞中進行固氮作用(Cyanobacteriacanmakenitrogenfixationinheterocyst.)第6題四聯(lián)球菌、八疊球菌、葡萄球菌都是多細胞的微生物(Tetrads,sarcinaandstaphylococcusareallmulticellularmicroorganisms.)第7題鞭毛和菌毛都是細菌的運動器官(Flagellumandpiliarebothlocomotiveorgansofbacteria.)第8題支原體是無細胞壁的原核微生物，是能營獨立生活的最小型的生物(Mycoplasmaisprokaryoticmicroorganismwithoutcellwallandthesmallestcreaturethatcanliveindependently.)第9題真菌的鞭毛可在光學顯微鏡下看見(Theflagellumoffungusisvisibleunderopticalmicroscope.)第10題噬菌體的外型屬于(Theexteriorofphagebelongsto)A螺旋對稱(Helicalsymmetry)B二十面體對稱(Icosahedralsymmetry)C復合對稱(Complexsymmetry)D角對稱(D.Anglesymmetry)第11題衣原體是一類在真核細胞內(nèi)營專性能量寄生的小型細菌，包括基體和網(wǎng)狀體兩種形態(tài)(Chlamydiaisakindofsmall-sizedbacteriathatparasitizesineukaryocytebyconsumingobligateenergyintheformsofbasalbodyorreticulatebody.)第12題立克次氏體是專性寄生的G－細菌，不需要借助中間宿主傳播，就可以引起斑疹傷寒等病癥(RickettsiaisofobligateparasiticG-bacteria,whichcancausediseasesliketyphusfeverwithoutthehelpofintermediatehosttransmission.)第13題在下列原核生物中，屬古菌類群的是(Whichofthefollowingprokaryotesbelongstoarchaeacluster)A大腸桿菌(BacillusColi)B支原體(Mycoplasma)C放線菌(Actinomycetes)D熱原體(Thermoplasma)第14題古菌的細胞膜具有單分子層或單、雙分子層混合膜，能夠幫助其適應高熱環(huán)境(Archaea’scellmembranefeaturesmonolayerorbilayercompoundmembrane,whichcanhelpitadapttohigh-temperatureenvironment.)第15題酵母菌的菌落類似于(Thebacterialcolonyofyeastissimilarto)A霉菌菌落(MouldColony)B鏈霉菌菌落(StreptomyceteColony)C細菌菌落(BacterialColony)D支原體菌落(MycoplasmaColony)第16題低等絲狀真菌細胞壁的主要成分是(Themajorcontentofthecellwallofinferiorfilamentousfungiis)A幾丁質(zhì)(Chitin)B纖維素(Fibrin)C葡聚糖(Glucan)D甘露聚糖(Mannan)第17題病毒沒有細胞結(jié)構(gòu)，其顯著區(qū)別于其它生物的特征是以復制方式進行繁殖。(Virushasnocellularstructureandreplicatereproductionisafeaturethatobviouslydistinguishesitfromotherorganisms.)第18題朊病毒體內(nèi)有很少量的核酸(Prioncontainslittlenucleicacid)第19題第20題第21題第22題第23題第24題第25題第26題第27題第28題第四章小測（TestforChapterFour）第1題屬于古細菌的是(Whichofthefollowingsbelongtoarchaebacteria?)A嗜熱酸菌(Thermoacidophile)B產(chǎn)甲烷菌(Methanogens)C大腸桿菌(BacillusColi)D極端嗜鹽菌(ExtremeHalophile)正確答案：ABC第2題原葉體是蕨類植物的配子體(Prothallusisthegametophyteoffern.)第3題苔蘚植物的孢子體高度發(fā)達(Thesporophoreofbryophyteishighlydeveloped.)第4題傳粉現(xiàn)象的出現(xiàn)，使得有性生殖過程完全擺脫了外界水的限制(Theemergenceofpollinationphenomenonmakestheprocessofsexualreproductionfullygetridofexternalwaterrestriction.)第5題雌雄蕊多數(shù)且螺旋排列是被子植物原始性狀之一(Pistilandstamenmajorityandspiralarrangementareoneoforiginalpropertiesofangiosperm.)第6題禾本科植物的花序是以小穗為單位的(Theinflorescenceofgrassfamilyisintheunitofspikelet.)第7題草莓果實類型是(Thefruitofstrawberryistypedas)A聚花果(CollectiveFruit)B聚合果(AggregateFruit)C漿果(Berry)D單果(SingleFruit)第8題染色體變異包括(Chromosomevariationincludes)A數(shù)目變化(QuantitativeChange)B結(jié)構(gòu)變化(StructuralChange)C行為變化(BehavioralChange)D修飾(Modification)正確答案：ABCD第9題變異是進化的材料，而選擇決定了進化方向。(Variationisthematerialofevolution,whilechoicedecidesthedirectionofevolution.)第10題生殖隔離只能發(fā)生在交配前。(Reproductionisolationonlyoccurspriortomating.)第11題第12題第13題第14題莖的次生發(fā)生起源于形成層。(Thesecondarygrowthofstemssourcesfromthecambium.第15題根器官具有中柱。(Therootorganhasstele.)第16題葉是個臨時性器官，具有落葉習性。(Leafisatemporaryorganandcontainsdeciduoushabit.)第17題葉的功能性狀最能反映其與環(huán)境的適應性變化。(Thefunctionsandcharactersofleavescanbestreflecttheiradaptivechangeswiththeenvironment.)第18題通氣組織發(fā)達是植物適應干旱環(huán)境的標志性特征。(Developedaerenchymaisalandmarkfeatureofplantsforadaptingtoaridenvironment.)第19題C3植物能夠有效利用CO2，因此產(chǎn)量往往更高。(C3vegetationscanmakeeffectiveuseofCO2,sotheirproductionisgenerallyhigher.)第20題聚花果是(Collectivefruitsare)A菠蘿(Pineapple)B草莓(Strawberry)C無花果(Ficuscarica)D桑葚(Mulberry)正確答案：ACD第21題所有成熟的種子都包括胚和胚乳。(Alltheripeseedsincludeembryoandendosperm.)第22題果實是由子房發(fā)育而來。(FruitsaredevelopedfromOvaries.)第23題植物與傳粉昆蟲是協(xié)同進化的。(Plantsandpollinatinginsectsevolveconcertedly.)第24題第25題第26題第五章小測（TestforChapterFive）第1題起源于溫帶的植物，常常一年中有1個生長高峰期(Plantsderivedfromthetemperatezoneusuallyhave1growthpeakinayear.)第2題擬寄生往往是一種變相的捕食行為(Parasitoidismusuallyisakindofdisguisedpredatoryactivity.)第3題地衣是藻菌長期共生形成的生物類群(Lichensareabiologicalgroupfromlong-termcoexistenceofalgaeandbacteria.)第4題成熟的群落具有一定的水平和垂直結(jié)構(gòu)(Amaturecolonyshouldhavecertainhorizontalandverticalstructure.)第5題植被隨海拔變化與隨緯度變化具有相似規(guī)律(Changesofvegetationswiththeattitudearesimilartothosewiththelatitude.)第6題二氧化碳和甲烷是常見的溫室氣體(CO2andmethanearecommongreenhousegases.)第7題大氣中，初級污染物在陽光作用下能夠成為次級污染物，嚴重威脅人體健康。(Intheatmosphere,primarypollutescanbecomesecondarypolluteswiththeeffectofsunshine,severelythreateninghumanhealth.)第8題霾不僅包含塵，也可能包括硫酸、硝酸鹽和碳氫化合物等微粒。(Hazedoesnotonlyincludeashes,butalsopossiblyincludesuchparticlesasvitriol,nitrateandhydrocarbon.)第9題歸化植物就是外來入侵植物。(Naturalizedplantsarealieninvasiveplants.)第10題及時發(fā)現(xiàn)入侵物種并積極采取行動，控制住了，以后就安全了。(Discoveringinvasivespeciestimelyandtakingactiveactionstocontrolthemwillensuresafetythereafter.)第11題第12題第13題第六章小測（TestforChapterSix）第1題未來動物育種需要的技術(shù)(Technologiesrequiredbyfutureanimalbreedinginclude:)A干細胞(Stemcells)B轉(zhuǎn)基因C克隆正確答案：ABC第2題受精過程包括：(Thefertilizationprocessincludes:)A精子穿過卵丘細胞(Spermcrossesthecumuluscell.)B精子穿過透明帶(Spermcrossesthezonapellucida.)C精子穿過卵黃膜(Spermcrossestheyolkmembrane.)正確答案：ABC第3題胚胎干細胞生物學特性：(Biologicalpropertiesofembryonicstemcells:)A體外無限擴增(Limitlessvitroexpansion)B維持核型穩(wěn)定(Maintainkaryotypestability)C可分化為各種組織細胞(Maybedividedintovarioushistocytes.)正確答案：ABC第4題可以實現(xiàn)性別決定而不影響胚胎發(fā)育的技術(shù)包括：(Thetechnologiesthatcanrealizesexdeterminationbutnotinfluenceembryonicdevelopmentinclude:)A流式分選將X和Y精子分開(SeparatespermXandYbyflowsorting)B胚胎部分組織PCR(PartialembryonictissuePCR)C染色體核型分析(Karyotypeanalysis)正確答案：AB第5題單性生殖包括：(Parthenogenesisincludes:)A孤雌生殖(Apomixia)B孤雄生殖(Patrogenesis)C再生(Regeneration)正確答案：AB第6題下面哪個屬于小鼠品種：嵌合體(Whichofthefollowingsbelongtomousespecies:Chimera)A昆明白(Kunmingwhite)B嵌合體(Chimera)CC57正確答案：AC第7題最早的體細胞克隆動物是：(Theearliestsomaticcellcloninganimalis:)A綿羊(Sheep)B爪蟾(Xenopus)C小鼠(Mouse)第8題體外受精又叫：(Externalfertilizationisalsonamed)A試管嬰兒(test-tubebaby)B借腹懷胎(pregnancyinalendingwomb)C動物克隆(animalclone)第9題胚胎移植又叫:(Embryotransplantationisalsonamed)A試管嬰兒(test-tubebaby)B借腹懷胎(pregnancyinalendingwomb)C動物克隆(animalclone)第10題體細胞核移植又叫:(Somaticcellnucleartransplantationisalsonamed)A試管嬰兒(test-tubebaby)B借腹懷胎(pregnancyinalendingwomb)C動物克隆(animalclone)第11題一個精原細胞經(jīng)過減數(shù)分裂最終形成幾個精子？(Howmanyspermswillaspermatophoreformaftermeiosis?)A1B4C8第12題一個卵原細胞經(jīng)過減數(shù)分裂最終形成幾個卵子？(Howmanyovumswillaoogoniumformaftermeiosis?)A1B4C8第13題生殖細胞是：(Agermcellis:)A二倍體(2-ploid)B單倍體(haploid)C多倍體(polyploidy)第14題減數(shù)分裂過程中，染色體數(shù)目減半過程發(fā)生在：(Intheprocessofmeiosis,halfreductionofchromosomenumberhappensat:)A姐妹染色體分離(sisterchromosomesegregation)B同源染色體分離(homologuechromosomesegregation)C常染色體分離(autosomesegregation)第15題通過流式分選可以將X和Y精子分開，原理是根據(jù)：(FlowsortingcanseparatespermXandspermYaccordingtotheprinciple:)AX精子染色體體積大(ThechromosomeofspermXisinbigvolume)BY精子染色體體積大(ThechromosomeofspermYisinbigvolume)CX和Y精子外形不一樣(SpermXandspermYaredifferentinshape)第16題受精后，卵子阻止其他精子入卵的機制：(Themechanismthatovumstopstheotherspermsfromenteringafterfertilizationis:)A頂體反應(Acrosomalreaction)B卵黃膜皮質(zhì)反應(Yolkskincorticalreaction.)C顆粒反應(Particlereaction)第17題人類的衰老的本質(zhì)，主要是下面什么的衰老造成的：(Theessenceofhumanagingismainlytheagingofthefollowing:)A組織(Tissues)B細胞(Cells)C器官(Organs)第18題青春期的代謝特征：(Themetaboliccharacteristicinpubertalperiodis:)A分解大于合成(Decompositionmorethancomposition)B合成大于分解(Compositionmorethandecomposition)C分解等于合成Decompositionequaltocomposition)第19題卵子成熟排出后，停留在：(Thereleasedmatureovumwillstopat:)A減數(shù)第一次分裂中期(Middlephaseofthefirstmeiosis)B減數(shù)第二次分裂中期(Middlephaseofthesecondmeiosis)C減數(shù)分裂完成(Theendofmeiosis)第20題物種形成的重要原因：(Thecriticalreasonforspeciesformationis:)A氣候變化(Climatechange)B環(huán)境隔離(Environmentisolation)C人為干預(Humanintervention)第21題生殖細胞包括：(Germcellsinclude:)A精子(Sperm)B卵子(Ovum)C附植前胚胎(Preimplantationembryo)正確答案：AB第22題胚胎移植生理學基礎(chǔ)需要：(Thephysiologicalbasisforembryotransplantationneeds)A附植前胚胎處于游離狀態(tài)(Preimplantationembryostaysinfreestate)B子宮對早期胚胎的免疫耐受性(Womb’simmunologicaltolerancetoearlyembryo)C生殖器官的孕向發(fā)育(Pregnancy-orienteddevelopmentofthereproductionorgan)正確答案：ABC第23題胚胎移植的原則：(Theprinciplesofembryotransplantation:)A供體與受體種屬、生理上的一致性(Thedonorandtheacceptorareunanimousinspeciesandphysiology)B發(fā)育階段與移植部位一致性(Thedevelopmentstageisinaccordancewiththetransplantedspot)C胚胎的發(fā)育期限可以是附植后的(Thedevelopmentstageofembryocanbeafterimplantation)正確答案：AB第24題嵌合體技術(shù)是指：(Chimeratechnologyrefersto:)A將兩種或兩種以上染色體組成不同的細胞聚合形成胚胎或個體(Differentcellscomposedbytwoormorechromosomesaggregatetoformanembryoorindividual)B將兩種或兩種以上染色體組成不同的細胞融合形成胚胎或個體(Differentcellscomposedbytwoormorechromosomesfusetoformanembryoorindividual)C嵌合體個體可以產(chǎn)生嵌合細胞來源物種的生殖細胞(Chimeraindividualcangenerategermcellsofchimericcelloriginatedspecies)正確答案：AC第25題近年發(fā)展的基因編輯新技術(shù)包括：(Thenewtechnologiesaboutgeneeditingdevelopedinrecentyearsinclude:)AZNF技術(shù)(ZNFtechnology)BTALEN技術(shù)(TALENtechnology)CCRISPR/Cas9技術(shù)(CRISPR/Cas9technology)正確答案：ABC第26題CRISPR/Cas9技術(shù)優(yōu)點：(CRISPR/Cas9technologyhastheadvantagesof:)A操作簡單(Simpleoperation,)B效率高(Highefficiency)C不存在脫靶現(xiàn)象(Nomissphenomenon)正確答案：AB第27題多能干細胞包括：(Multipotentstemcellsinclude:)AES細胞(EScell)BiPS細胞(iPScell)C成體干細胞(Adultstemcell)正確答案：AB第28題多能干細胞可以分化為：(Multipotentstemcellscanbedividedinto:)A肌肉細胞(Musclecell)B外胚層組織細胞(Ectodermhistocyte)C內(nèi)胚層組織細胞(Entodermhistocyte)正確答案：ABC第29題下面的技術(shù)屬于克隆技術(shù)的是：(Whichofthefollowingtechnologiesbelongtoclonetechnology:)A核移植(Nucleartransplantation)B胚胎分割(Embryosplitting)C胚胎嵌合(Embryogomphosis)正確答案：AB第30題干細胞應用需注意：(Stemcellapplicationshouldconcern:)A流程規(guī)范(Processnorm)B符合倫理(Ethicconformity)C法律允許(Legalpermit)正確答案：ABC第31題試管嬰兒即胎兒在體外試管環(huán)境生長發(fā)育直到出生的技術(shù)。(IVFreferstothetechnologyinwhichthefetusgrowsanddevelopsinatesttubeenvironmentoutsidethebodyuntilbirth.)第32題.體外受精即是將精子和卵子人為控制在體外完成受精過程發(fā)育成胚胎，再將胚胎移植給受體母親，出生嬰兒的技術(shù)。(Invitrofertilization(IVF)isatechnologywherebyspermandovumareartificiallyfertilizedinvitrotodevelopintoembryos,whicharethentransferredtotherecipientmothertogivebirthtoababy.)第33題體細胞核移植出生的克隆動物，其遺傳物質(zhì)完全來自體細胞。(Thegeneticmaterialofclonedanimalswhicharebornfromsomat