2026年托福考試閱讀理解試題及答案考試時(shí)長：120分鐘滿分：100分試卷名稱：2026年托?？荚囬喿x理解試題及答案考核對(duì)象：托?？荚噦淇颊哳}型分值分布：-判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-單選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-多選題（總共10題，每題2分）總分20分-案例分析（總共3題，每題6分）總分18分-論述題（總共2題，每題11分）總分22分總分：100分---一、判斷題（每題2分，共20分）請(qǐng)判斷下列陳述是否正確，正確填“T”，錯(cuò)誤填“F”。1.ThereadingpassagementionsthatthemainpurposeoftheancientcityofMachuPicchuwasforreligiousceremonies.2.Accordingtothepassage,allIncaroadswerebuiltusingstonematerials.3.TheauthorsuggeststhatmodernarchaeologistsrelysolelyonwrittenrecordstostudytheIncacivilization.4.ThepassageindicatesthattheIncaEmpiredidnothaveawrittenlanguagebeforetheSpanishconquest.5.ItisstatedinthepassagethattheIncaeconomywasbasedprimarilyonagriculture.6.TheauthorbelievesthatthedeclineoftheIncaEmpirewasmainlycausedbyinternalconflicts.7.ThepassagementionsthattheSpanishintroducedhorsestotheIncaEmpire,whichsignificantlyimpactedtheirtransportationsystem.8.Accordingtothepassage,theIncaarchitecturewasinfluencedbytheirreligiousbeliefs.9.TheauthornotesthattheIncaEmpiredidnothaveacentralizedgovernment.10.ThepassagesuggeststhattheIncacivilizationwascompletelydestroyedbytheSpanishconquest.二、單選題（每題2分，共20分）請(qǐng)選擇最符合題意的選項(xiàng)。1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Tocriticizemodernarchaeologicalmethods.B.TodescribethegeographicalfeaturesoftheIncaEmpire.C.ToexplainthereasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.D.TohighlighttheachievementsoftheIncacivilization.2.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthemaintransportationmethodusedbytheIncas?A.HorsesB.RoadsC.BoatsD.Airships3.ThepassageimpliesthattheIncaEmpire’seconomywasprimarilybasedon:A.Tradewithothercivilizations.B.Agriculturalproduction.C.Miningforpreciousmetals.D.Militaryconquests.4.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheIncareligion?A.ItwassimilartomodernChristianity.B.Itwascenteredaroundtheworshipofthesun.C.IthadnoinfluenceonIncaarchitecture.D.Itwaspracticedonlybytheelite.5.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthemajorchallengesfacedbytheSpanishduringtheirconquestoftheIncaEmpire?A.Thelackofwrittenrecords.B.TheIncas’advancedmilitarytechnology.C.TheIncas’strongreligiousbeliefs.D.ThegeographicalbarriersoftheAndesMountains.6.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaroadswere:A.Builtonlyformilitarypurposes.B.Madeentirelyofstone.C.Usedprimarilyfortradeandcommunication.D.Designedtopreventthespreadofdiseases.7.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheIncagovernment?A.Itwasademocracy.B.Itwasruledbyasingleemperor.C.Ithadnoformalstructure.D.Itwasbasedonhereditarysuccession.8.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasoneofthereasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.Aseveredrought.B.Theintroductionofnewdiseases.C.TheIncas’lackofwrittenlanguage.D.TheSpanish’ssuperiormilitarytactics.9.ThepassageimpliesthattheIncaarchitecturewas:A.Primitiveandunsophisticated.B.Influencedbyreligiousbeliefs.C.DesignedtomimicEuropeanstyles.D.Builtonlyfordefensivepurposes.10.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthelegacyoftheIncacivilization?A.Ithadnolastingimpactonmodernsocieties.B.Itinfluencedthedevelopmentofmodernroadsandarchitecture.C.Itwascompletelyforgottenbyhistorians.D.ItwasreplacedbySpanishculturalpractices.三、多選題（每題2分，共20分）請(qǐng)選擇所有符合題意的選項(xiàng)。1.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeoftheachievementsoftheIncaEmpire?A.Advancedroadsystems.B.Monumentalarchitecture.C.Acentralizedgovernment.D.Awrittenlanguage.2.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheSpanishconquestoftheIncaEmpire?A.Itwasaquickandeasyvictory.B.Itwasinfluencedbyreligiousmotives.C.ItledtothedeclineoftheIncacivilization.D.ItwasmetwithstrongresistancefromtheIncas.3.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaeconomywasbasedon:A.Agriculture.B.Trade.C.Mining.D.Militaryconquests.4.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthechallengesfacedbytheIncas?A.Naturaldisasters.B.Lackofwrittenrecords.C.Internalconflicts.D.Limitedtechnologicaladvancements.5.ThepassagesuggeststhattheIncareligionwas:A.Polytheistic.B.Centeredaroundtheworshipofthesun.C.Influencedbytheirarchitecture.D.Practicedbyallmembersofsociety.6.WhatdoesthepassageindicateabouttheIncaroads?A.Theywerebuiltusingstonematerials.B.Theywereusedfortradeandcommunication.C.Theyweredesignedtoconnectdifferentregionsoftheempire.D.Theywerebuiltonlyformilitarypurposes.7.Accordingtothepassage,whatweresomeofthereasonsforthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire?A.Theintroductionofnewdiseases.B.Internalconflicts.C.TheSpanishconquest.D.Aseveredrought.8.ThepassageimpliesthattheIncaarchitecturewas:A.Influencedbyreligiousbeliefs.B.Designedtobeearthquake-resistant.C.Builtusingadvancedengineeringtechniques.D.Primarilymadeofstone.9.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttheSpanishduringtheirconquestoftheIncaEmpire?A.Theyhadsuperiormilitarytechnology.B.Theyweremotivatedbyreligiousreasons.C.TheyfacedsignificantchallengesfromtheIncas.D.Theywerecompletelyunpreparedfortheconquest.10.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthelegacyoftheIncacivilization?A.Itinfluencedmodernarchitecture.B.Ithadnolastingimpactonothercivilizations.C.Itwascompletelyforgottenbyhistorians.D.Itledtothedevelopmentofnewtraderoutes.四、案例分析（每題6分，共18分）1.AmodernarchaeologistisstudyingtheremainsofanIncacity.Describehowthepassagesuggeststhearchaeologistmightusewrittenrecords,oraltraditions,andphysicalevidencetounderstandthecity’spurposeandsignificance.2.ThepassagementionsthattheIncaroadswereanimportantpartoftheircivilization.ExplainhowtheseroadscontributedtotheIncaeconomyandhowtheymighthavebeenusedfortradeandcommunication.3.ThepassagediscussesthedeclineoftheIncaEmpire.DescribethemainreasonsforitsdeclineandhowtheSpanishconquestplayedaroleinthisprocess.五、論述題（每題11分，共22分）1.DiscusstheachievementsoftheIncaEmpireandhowtheycontributedtoitslegacy.Provideexamplesfromthepassagetosupportyouranswer.2.AnalyzetheimpactoftheSpanishconquestontheIncaEmpire.ExplainhowtheSpanishintroducednewtechnologies,diseases,andculturalpracticesthataffectedtheIncas.---標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案及解析一、判斷題1.T2.F（部分道路使用土坯）3.F（現(xiàn)代考古學(xué)家結(jié)合多種方法）4.T5.T6.F（外部因素如疾病和西班牙征服）7.T8.T9.F（有中央集權(quán)政府）10.F（部分遺址被保存）解析：1.正確，文章提到馬丘比丘是宗教中心。2.錯(cuò)誤，部分道路使用土坯。3.錯(cuò)誤，現(xiàn)代考古學(xué)家結(jié)合多種方法。4.正確，文章提到印加人沒有文字。5.正確，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)。6.錯(cuò)誤，外部因素如疾病和西班牙征服是主要原因。7.正確，文章提到西班牙引入馬匹。8.正確，文章指出宗教影響建筑。9.錯(cuò)誤，印加有中央集權(quán)政府。10.錯(cuò)誤，部分遺址被保存。二、單選題1.C2.B3.B4.B5.D6.C7.B8.B9.B10.B解析：1.C，文章主要解釋衰落原因。2.B，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)道路系統(tǒng)。3.B，文章指出農(nóng)業(yè)是經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。4.B，文章提到太陽崇拜。5.D，文章指出地理障礙。6.C，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)貿(mào)易和通信。7.B，文章提到單一統(tǒng)治者。8.B，文章指出疾病是重要原因。9.B，文章強(qiáng)調(diào)宗教影響。10.B，文章指出對(duì)現(xiàn)代的影響。三、多選題1.A,B,C2.B,C,D3.A,B,C4.A,B,C,D5.A,B,D6.A,B,C7.A,B,C,D8.A,C,D9.A,B,C10.A,