專題七動詞及動詞短語

動詞1.

動詞種類種類含義例詞示例實義

動詞說明動作或者狀態(tài)，能獨立作謂語的動詞。有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)的變化?？梢苑譃榧拔飫釉~和不及物動詞。及物動詞vt.直接加賓語不及物動詞vi.單獨使用或＋介詞＋賓語learn，

watch，

cut，

run，

take...He

took

the

medicine

at

once.他立刻吃了藥。He

is

running

on

the

playground

now.他正在操場跑步。種類含義例詞示例系動詞本身有意義，但不能單獨作謂語，需要和表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，有人稱、數(shù)和各種時態(tài)的變化（1）狀態(tài)類be，seem，

keep，

remain，

stay（2）感觀類look，sound，

smell，

taste，

feel（3）變化類become，

get，

turnThe

man

over

there

is

very

strong.那邊那個男人非常強壯。種類含義例詞示例助動詞本身無詞義或者意義不完整，不能單獨作謂語。必須與別的動詞連用，幫助構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定句和疑問句等結(jié)構(gòu)（1）be，用于構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)（be

doing）和被動語態(tài)（be

done）（2）do/does/did，

用于構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時及一般過去時的疑問及否定句（3）will/shall

用于構(gòu)成一般將來時（will/shall

do）（4）have/has/had用于構(gòu)成完成時（have/has/had

done）The

bridge

was

built

last

year.這座橋是去年建的。種類含義例詞示例情態(tài)

動詞這類詞詞義不完整，不能

單獨作謂語，只能和實義

動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語，沒有

人稱和數(shù)的變化can/could，must，

need，may/might，

ought

to，should...I

must

get

upearly.我必須早起。2.

動詞的基本形式形式用法構(gòu)成示例原形1.用在情態(tài)動詞之后2.用在助動詞do，

does，

did，

will，

shall之后3.用在祈使句的句首4.用在使役動詞或者感官動詞等之后5.用在動詞不定式之后be，have，

learn，

eat，

doHe

can

swim.他會游泳。Does

he

cook

every

day？他每天都做飯嗎？形式用法構(gòu)成示例第三

人稱

單數(shù)用在第三人

稱單數(shù)的主

語之后，并

且句子的時

態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)

在時第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則：一般動詞后加s如：

read—reads以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加es

如：

carry—carries以字母-ch，-sh，-s，-x，-o結(jié)尾的常加es如：do—does不規(guī)則變化如：have—hasJack

reads

books

every

night

before

going

to

bed.杰克每晚睡前

都讀書。形式用法構(gòu)成示例過去式用于一般過去時過去式和過去分詞的規(guī)則變化：一般動詞后面加ed如：watch—watched以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞后面加d如：like—liked以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，變y為i加ed

如：

carry—carried，

study—studied以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫最后一個字母再加ed如：stop—stopped不規(guī)則變化如：cut—cutI

took

a

taxi

home

last

night.昨晚我乘出租車回家。過去分詞用于完成時態(tài)

和被動語態(tài)中They

have

lived

in

Shanghai

for

two

years.他們已在上海居住兩年了。It

is

celebrated

on

the

5th

of

the

fifth

lunar

month

every

year.每年農(nóng)歷五月初五，人們舉行慶祝活動。形式用法構(gòu)成示例現(xiàn)在分詞

/動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞用

于進行時

（現(xiàn)在進行

時，過去進

行時）；動

名詞起名詞

的作用動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：一般在動詞原形后面加ing如：keep—keeping以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去e加ing如：take—taking，

live—living以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫最后一個字母，再加ing如：cut—cutting，

dig—digging少數(shù)以ie結(jié)尾的動詞，變ie為y再加ing如：

die—dying，

tie—tyingMy

father

was

watching

TV

at

nine

last

night.我父親昨晚九點鐘在看電視。

1.

Mozart

（create）

many

pieces

of

beautiful

music.

That’s

why

he

is

so

famous.2.

My

father

is

too

tired.

Something

should

（do）

to

keep

him

relaxed.3.

Oh，

the

new

bed

（feel）

very

hard.

I

couldn’t

sleep

well

last

night.created

be

done

feels

4.

—Do

you

have

a

football，

Tom？—No，

but

my

cousin

（do）.

He

always

plays

it

with

his

classmates

after

school.5.

You

（need）

tell

Jim

the

good

news

because

I’ve

told

him

already.does

needn’t

動詞短語1.

同一高頻動詞構(gòu)成短語動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語comecome

across偶然遇見；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)

come

along進展；一起前往come

out出版；出現(xiàn)

come

from來自；出生于come

up

with想出；提出

come

off成功；脫落come

true實現(xiàn)

come

on快點；開始動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語getget

up起床

get

dressed穿衣服get

to到達

get

married結(jié)婚get

over克服

get

lost迷路get

on/off上車/下車

get

together聚會動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語givegive

up放棄

give

back歸還；恢復give

in屈服

give

sb.

a

hand幫助某人give

out分發(fā)

give

over停止give

away捐贈

give

birth

to生育give

off發(fā)出（光、熱等）

give

a

speech發(fā)表演講動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語looklook

after照顧

look

for尋找look

around環(huán)顧四周

look

like看起來像look

over仔細檢查

look

into調(diào)查look

up查閱；抬頭看

look

out當心look

through瀏覽；逐一查看

look

forward

to期待putput

away把……收起來

put

aside儲存；擱置put

out撲滅

put

forward提出動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語putput

up張貼；舉起；搭建

put

down放下；記下；鎮(zhèn)壓put

on穿上；上演

put

on

weight增加體重put

off推遲

put

back推遲；放回taketake

up占據(jù)；開始從事

take

away拿走；消除take

down寫下；記下

take

over接管take

off脫下；起飛

take

place發(fā)生take

in吸收

take

part

in參加動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語turnturn

on打開

turn

left/right向左/右轉(zhuǎn)turn

off關(guān)掉

turn

into變成turn

up調(diào)高

turn

out結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turn

down調(diào)低

turn

over翻轉(zhuǎn)；移交turn

to轉(zhuǎn)向；求助于

turn

against背叛動詞構(gòu)成動詞短語setset

up建立；設(shè)立

set

an

example樹立榜樣set

out/off出發(fā)

set

sail啟航set

aside留出；擱置

set

apart使突出set

free釋放

set

down記下；放下set

back阻礙；推遲

set

in開始并持續(xù)2.

同一高頻介詞搭配動詞構(gòu)成短語介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語aboutcare

about關(guān)心；在意

talk

about談?wù)揾ear

about聽說

worry

about擔心think

about思考；考慮

come

about發(fā)生awaygo

away走開

take

away拿走；帶走pass

away去世

give

away贈送；泄露throw

away扔掉

run

away逃跑介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語offcut

off切除；切斷

put

off推遲fall

off跌落

call

off取消go

off

（警報器）響起

give

off散發(fā)pay

off償清（欠款等）

break

off中斷set

off出發(fā)；動身

keep

off遠離see

off送別

lay

off解雇show

off炫耀

go

off響起（鬧鐘）；離開介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語ongo

on繼續(xù)

turn

on打開hold

on抓??；堅持

go/carry

on繼續(xù)depend

on依靠；取決于

call

on拜訪outbreak

out爆發(fā)

check

out執(zhí)行；實施run

out用光；用盡

wear

out磨損；用壞find

out查清楚；弄明白

carry

out執(zhí)行；實施hand

out分發(fā)

die

out滅絕介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語outwork

out算出；想出

let

out發(fā)出；泄露；出租blow

out吹滅

turn

out結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)upcut

up切碎

tear

up撕碎dress

up打扮

burn

up燒盡eat

up吃完

pick

up拾起end

up最終

stand

up站起來get

up起床

clean

up清理介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語upcheer

up使振作

fix

up修理pick

up撿起；拾起；開車接

tidy

up整理grow

up長大

wake

up醒來stay

up熬夜

speed

up加速forlook

for尋找

search

for查找care

for照顧

wait

for等待leave

for前往

apply

for申請介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語forprepare

for為……做準備

call

for需要；要求stand

for代表

ask

for要求得到downbreak

down出故障；崩潰

fall

down跌倒lie

down躺下

slow

down減速calm

down冷靜下來

put

down放下；鎮(zhèn)壓cut

down砍倒；減少

let

down使失望介詞構(gòu)成動詞短語overcome

over順便來訪

take

over接管get

over克服；從……中恢復

hand

over移交think

over仔細考慮

look

over檢查；瀏覽withcooperate

with與……合作

deal

with/do

with處理；應(yīng)付compete

with與……競爭

argue

with與……爭論come

up

with想出；提出

share

with分享catch

up

with趕上

communicate

with與……交流介詞構(gòu)成動詞/形容詞短語withbe

filled

with充滿

combine

with與……結(jié)合be

strict

with對……嚴格

fight

with與……打架fall

in

love

with愛上……

begin

with以……開始be

satisfied/pleased/happy

with對……滿意be

familiar

with對……熟悉

end

up

with以……結(jié)束get

along/on

well

with與……相處得好make

friends

with與……交朋友介詞構(gòu)成動詞/形容詞短語withcompare...with...與……相比較provide

sb.

with

sth.給某人提供某物agree

with/disagree

with同意……/不同意……begin

with/end

up

with以……開始/以……結(jié)束

請根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子翻譯。1.

—Could

you

please

tell

me

where

Mr

Green

is？—Sure.

He

has

（出發(fā)）

for

London.2.

We

should

（查明）

who

broke

the

door

of

the

classroom

yesterday.3.

—Shall

we

go

to

the

nature

park

this

weekend？—Good

idea.

We

can

（吸收）

fresh

air

in

the

park.set

out

find

out

take

in

4.

—Everyone

should

build

the

good

habit

of

saving

food.—I

agree.

So

I

always

（吃完）

the

food

I

order.5.

—Can

you

（張貼）

the

sign

for

the

community

party？—Sure.

Where

should

I

hang

it？eat

up

put

up

一、單項選擇（

A

）1.

（2025·甘肅金昌中考）

you

turn

down

the

TV，

please？I’m

trying

to

work.A.CouldB.MustC.MightD.ShouldA（

A

）2.

（2025·福建中考）—How

did

you

the

difficult

math

problem？—With

my

teacher’s

help.A.work

outB.hear

aboutC.give

upD.break

outA（

D

）3.

（2025·甘肅中考）Don’t

worry

about

me.

I

can

myself.A.look

atB.look

forC.look

outD.look

afterD（

B

）4.

（2025·四川遂寧中考）—Helen，

the

lights

when

you

leave

the

room.—OK，

Mr.

Smith.

I

got

it.A.turn

onB.turn

offC.turn

upD.turn

downB（

A

）5.

（2024·黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考）—Jane，

I

saw

your

brother

yesterday.—It

be

him.

My

brother

is

studying

in

Shenzhen.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t（

A

）6.

（2024·海南中考）—

I

go

out

with

my

friend

now，

Dad？—I’m

afraid

you

have

to

finish

your

homework

first.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.WillAA（

B

）7.

（2025·甘肅中考）Steven

decided

to

clean

up

the

city

parks

with

other

volunteers

on

Earth

Day.A.found

outB.made

up

his

mindC.took

the

placeD.set

up（

C

）8.

（2025·黑龍江中考）The

stewardess（空中乘務(wù)員）

announced，

“Welcome

to

our

flight.

The

plane

will

in

ten

minutes.

Please

fasten（系緊）

your

seat

belts.”A.turn

offB.put

offC.take

offD.fall

offBC（

C

）9.

（2025·江蘇揚州中考）Stress

comes

and

goes.

Sometimes

you

just

need

to

.A.sit

downB.fall

downC.calm

downD.come

down（

A

）10.

（2024·湖北武漢中考）—Ben，

help

me

the

book

from

the

shelf，

will

you？

It’s

out

of

my

reach.—With

pleasure.A.take

downB.throw

awayC.look

throughD.hand

outCA（

B

）11.

（2024·江蘇揚州中考）Many

think

SOS

is

short

for

“save

our

ship”，

but

it

doesn’t

really

anything.A.look

forB.stand

forC.pay

forD.try

for（

A

）12.

（2024·四川樂山中考改編）—I

Mike

on

Monday.

He

invited

us

to

visit

his

hometown

in

his

letter.—Do

we

accept

his

invitation？

We

hav