2026年高考閱讀理解記敘文專題01考情分析目錄contents02選材命題03解題策略04真題回顧01歷年記敘文閱讀理解考情分析定義記敘文是指一種敘述__________、___________的文章體裁，以______、______、寫景狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以敘述和描寫為表達方式。事件的經(jīng)過人物經(jīng)歷及成就寫人記事分類記事寫人一次經(jīng)歷(anexperience)一個故事(astory)人物故事(amanwithgreatspirits)名人傳記(biography)1.記事類bringoutthetopic點題Ending結(jié)局conclusion升華主題2.寫人引出人物人物生平、成就等人物影響記敘文篇章結(jié)構(gòu)特征Development發(fā)展beginning開端Climax高潮重難點強調(diào)對細節(jié)理解的考察考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航

年份卷別主題語境話題分類

2024新高考I卷人與社會美國獸醫(yī)采用針灸技術(shù)治療動物

新高考II卷人與社會舊金山捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務(wù)

浙江卷1月人與社會感受電話亭變遷

北京卷人與自我作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性

2023新高考I卷人與自然生態(tài)機器凈化污水

新高考II卷人與社會UrbanSprouts花園項目幫助學(xué)生通過體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活。

全國甲卷人與自然DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能

全國乙卷人與社會風(fēng)景攝影師

浙江卷1月人與社會在家庭中過零浪費的生活方式

北京卷人與自我作者職業(yè)成功的經(jīng)歷

天津卷人與自我成為了社區(qū)管弦樂團的首席

2022新高考II卷人與社會孫子把兒童讀物當(dāng)成平板電腦

全國甲卷人與社會GinniBalinton往南極洲的旅程

北京卷人與社會參加保護自然活動治愈好了焦慮

天津卷人與自我獲得自尊就要首先學(xué)會接受自己本來的面目

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)1.掌握記敘文的文體特征。2.掌握記敘文的命題規(guī)律及各種題型的解題要領(lǐng)。如細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義猜測題。3.掌握記敘文選項的常見干擾項的設(shè)置特點及應(yīng)對策略。02選材命題

選材特點高考記敘文的篇幅一般都在280至350詞左右，段落較多。文章語法結(jié)構(gòu)多樣化、表達方式靈活，常用短語和平時不常見到的表達交織在文章中，使文章更加生動和地道，也在一定程度上增加了理解的難度，選材新穎、生動、真實、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。內(nèi)容記敘文應(yīng)該包括六要素，即：時間、地點、人物、起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。可以按事件發(fā)生的時間順序?qū)?，也可以按事件發(fā)生的先后寫。形式順敘、倒敘、插敘。語言一般過去時為主，各種時態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語動詞時態(tài)是英語記敘文首要的語言特征；多用動詞，尤其是動態(tài)強的行為動詞是英語記敘文又一個明顯的語言特征。命題主要集中在多個事件的先后順序與人物的情感態(tài)度上。

命題特點

記敘文題目類型更多，如主旨題、推斷題、詞義推斷題等，大部分題目不能直接根據(jù)問題從文章中找到答案，更多考查對文章的深層理解。題干疑問詞what出現(xiàn)頻率最高，why、which和how兼有但相對較少，題干長度有變長的趨勢。選項長度較短，語法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，但詞匯量要求較高，閱讀理解很大一部分問題是對文中比較特別的表達內(nèi)容的考查，閱讀理解考查的重點是對原文的理解而非復(fù)雜選項之間的辨析。

命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的意圖和態(tài)度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查學(xué)生對細節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。閱讀此類文章應(yīng)特別注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，應(yīng)讀懂故事的發(fā)生，發(fā)展，高潮和結(jié)局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蘊含的哲理意義；（3）若是

＂逸聞趣事＂，應(yīng)體會對話的風(fēng)趣性，進而才能感受幽默的精髓。03記敘文解題策略

解題策略Threerules：TopicQuestionEvidence記敘文6要素TimePlaceWhoWhyHow/developmentResult

細節(jié)題1.定位法答題關(guān)注題干中可以幫助定位的關(guān)鍵詞（如時間、地名、人物、重要的動詞、名詞、形容詞等）2.快速識別題干使用了原文信息的同義表達，因此需要識別題干中的同義表達，然后定位到原文，選擇原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)換3.推敲選項定位后進行深層理解，正確選項能根據(jù)原文總結(jié)概括得到?！?023?全國乙卷】A1.Howdoestheauthordealwiththechallengeasalandscape

photographerintheMidwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers. B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions. D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetraveleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithina10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.

2.Whatisthekeytosuccessfullandscapephotographyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Propertimemanagement. B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit. D.Distinctivestyles.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisive

inanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.

推斷題1.正向或逆向推理：抓住特定信息進行逆向或正向推理.做此類試題要善于抓住某一段話中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。2.信息整合推斷：做推理題時，有時需要在弄懂全文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，整合與題目相關(guān)的有用信息，綜合起來去推理判斷，確定最佳結(jié)論。Avoidchoosingmisleadingchoices！干擾項特征釋義片面理解將文章中出現(xiàn)的文中無關(guān)緊要或片面推出的結(jié)論，如某一處細節(jié)當(dāng)作合理推斷，實則是原文信息的簡單重復(fù)，并不是推斷出來的結(jié)論。過度推斷作者并未做出評論，只是客觀的陳述事實，考生進行了過度的解讀和推斷。正誤參半選項內(nèi)容部分正確，部分錯誤。無中生有在解題時將自己的觀點或社會的一種普遍性傾向而文中并無關(guān)系的觀點當(dāng)成作者的觀點。主觀臆斷根據(jù)現(xiàn)實生活常識推斷。雖然符合考生的常識，但文中并沒有支撐的依據(jù)?！?023?全國乙卷】A3.WhatcanweinferfromtheauthortripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路線)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.AB/D4.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging.

D.Comforting.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.（長難句分析）

詞義猜測題詞義推斷題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推斷詞匯和短語的能力，包括超綱詞義、熟詞生義、代詞的指代關(guān)系、俗語、特殊表達等，因此學(xué)生不僅需要加強語境中的理解推斷能力，也需要在平時注意積累和擴大詞匯量。此類題目可以采用以下幾種方法：利用構(gòu)詞法聯(lián)系上下文語境代入法干擾項特征釋義構(gòu)詞法干擾指片面地從構(gòu)詞法的角度猜測、思考，不考慮上下文語境，望詞生義；拘泥于字面意思根據(jù)所學(xué)過的熟詞意義常使考生覺得畫線詞義背過而忽略上下文主觀臆斷。四詞義猜詞題利用畫線詞上下文重點邏輯關(guān)系合理猜詞詞義。1.定義：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,----(破折號)等.2.對比:yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ononehand...ontheotherhand,foronething...foranotherthing,insteadof等。3.相似:當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號詞:or,like,as...as,thesameas等就可以通過同義詞、近義詞來確定詞義了。4.因果:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so...that,such...that,thus。5.例舉:forinstance,forexample,suchas,such,like,especially,include,consistof等?！?023?浙江1月卷】B5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Shareanapartmentwithyou. B.Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.C.Transformyourwayofliving. D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.(長難句分析）Iexperiencedthis

...whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.【2021?新高考II卷】C10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.

主旨題主旨題考查學(xué)生對文章的整體把握，能否分辨主題和細節(jié)，是否具備提綱挈領(lǐng)的能力。主旨題具體分為主旨大意題、最佳標(biāo)題題和寫作目的題。此類題目需遵循“末位原則”，即不論出現(xiàn)在哪一題，都要最后做。對于記敘文閱讀理解，把握文章的中心和主旨、主人公或作者的主要觀點和態(tài)度是十分必要的。此類題型可以運用以下幾種方法：1.根據(jù)全文關(guān)鍵詞確定主題2.把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)注意！避免主觀臆斷：在閱讀原文基礎(chǔ)上，仔細甄別選項是否與文章主題有密切聯(lián)系；涵蓋性強：看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。避免以偏概全，范圍過大或過小?！?023?浙江1月卷】B8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B.Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.05ONE真題回顧【2023?浙江1月卷】B

5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?6.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou’relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthatbandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I’velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou’llfindencouragingifyou’redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarryjarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn’tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品),Iwasabletostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon’tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou’redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon’tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Shareanapartmentwithyou. B.Joinyouinwhatyou’redoing.C.Transformyourwayofliving. D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.6.Whatwastheattitudeoftheauthor’sfathertowardbuyinggrocerieswithjars?A.Hedisapprovedofit. B.Hewasfavorabletoit.C.Hewastolerantofit. D.Hedidn’tcareaboutit.7.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor?A.Sheisquitegoodatcooking. B.Sherespectsothers’privacy.C.Sheenjoysbeingahousewife. D.Sheisadeterminedperson.8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.B.Howtohaveone’sownpersonalspaceathome.C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.【2021?新高考II卷】C9.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?11.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?12.WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.9.Whydidtheauthorbringthetigercubshome?A.Toensuretheirsurvival. B.Toobservetheirdifferences.C.Toteachthemlifeskills. D.Toletthemplaywithhiskids.10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.11.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofraisingthetigercubsathome?A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.12.WhydidtheauthordecidetosendSpotandStripebacktothezoo?A.Theyfrightenedthechildren. B.Theybecamedifficulttocontain.C.Theyannoyedtheneighbours. D.Theystartedfightingeachother.

【2021?浙江6月卷】D13.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor’schildren?14.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?15.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph216.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes’walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today’schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson’searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisa