富鎳三元正極材料改性策略研究國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)綜述1.1摻雜改性摻雜改性是提高富鎳三元正極材料結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性和熱穩(wěn)定性的一種有效方法。摻雜改性主要包括陽離子摻雜（例如，AlADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>63</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[58]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894075">63</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Yong-Chun</author><author>Xiang,Wei</author><author>Wu,Zhen-Guo</author><author>Xu,Chun-Liu</author><author>Xu,Ya-Di</author><author>Xiao,Yao</author><author>Yang,Zu-Guang</author><author>Wu,Chun-Jin</author><author>Lv,Gen-Pin</author><author>Guo,Xiao-Dong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ConstructionofhomogeneouslyAl3+dopedNirichNi-Co-Mncathodewithhighstablecyclingperformanceandstoragestabilityviascalablecontinuousprecipitation</title><secondary-title>ElectrochimicaActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ElectrochimicaActa</full-title></periodical><pages>84-94</pages><volume>291</volume><section>84</section><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>00134686</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.124</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[58]，MgADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Xie</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[59]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894242">65</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Xie,Qiang</author><author>Li,Wangda</author><author>Manthiram,Arumugam</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AMg-DopedHigh-NickelLayeredOxideCathodeEnablingSafer,High-Energy-DensityLi-IonBatteries</title><secondary-title>ChemistryofMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemistryofMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>938-946</pages><volume>31</volume><number>3</number><section>938</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0897-4756 1520-5002</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03900</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[59]，TiADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Kong</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>66</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[60]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>66</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894481">66</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Kong,Defei</author><author>Hu,Jiangtao</author><author>Chen,Zhefeng</author><author>Song,Kepeng</author><author>Li,Cheng</author><author>Weng,Mouyi</author><author>Li,Maofan</author><author>Wang,Rui</author><author>Liu,Tongchao</author><author>Liu,Jiajie</author><author>Zhang,Mingjian</author><author>Xiao,Yinguo</author><author>Pan,Feng</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Ti‐GradientDopingtoStabilizeLayeredSurfaceStructureforHighPerformanceHigh‐NiOxideCathodeofLi‐IonBattery</title><secondary-title>AdvancedEnergyMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvancedEnergyMaterials</full-title></periodical><volume>9</volume><number>41</number><section>1901756</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>1614-6832 1614-6840</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/aenm.201901756</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[60]，MoADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>67</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[61]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>67</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894527">67</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Linze</author><author>Yu,Jianguo</author><author>Darbar,Devendrasinh</author><author>Self,EthanC.</author><author>Wang,Donghai</author><author>Nanda,Jagjit</author><author>Bhattacharya,Indranil</author><author>Wang,Chongmin</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Atomic-ScaleMechanismsofEnhancedElectrochemicalPropertiesofMo-DopedCo-FreeLayeredOxideCathodesforLithium-IonBatteries</title><secondary-title>ACSEnergyLetters</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSEnergyLetters</full-title></periodical><pages>2540-2546</pages><volume>4</volume><number>10</number><section>2540</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>2380-8195 2380-8195</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsenergylett.9b01830</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[61]，CeADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wu</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>68</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[62]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>68</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894560">68</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wu,F.</author><author>Li,Q.</author><author>Chen,L.</author><author>Lu,Y.</author><author>Su,Y.</author><author>Bao,L.</author><author>Chen,R.</author><author>Chen,S.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>SchoolofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,BeijingKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing,100081,P.R.China. CollaborativeInnovationCenterforElectricVehiclesinBeijing,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing,100081,P.R.China.</auth-address><titles><title>UseofCetoReinforcetheInterfaceofNi-RichLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2CathodeMaterialsforLithium-IonBatteriesunderHighOperatingVoltage</title><secondary-title>ChemSusChem</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemSusChem</full-title></periodical><pages>935-943</pages><volume>12</volume><number>4</number><edition>2018/11/28</edition><keywords><keyword>batteries</keyword><keyword>electrochemistry</keyword><keyword>electrodematerials</keyword><keyword>lithium</keyword><keyword>materialssynthesis</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Feb21</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1864-564X(Electronic) 1864-5631(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>30480875</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/30480875</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/cssc.201802304</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[62]，NaADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Vanaphuti</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>69</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[63]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>69</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894831">69</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Vanaphuti,P.</author><author>Chen,J.</author><author>Cao,J.</author><author>Bigham,K.</author><author>Chen,B.</author><author>Yang,L.</author><author>Chen,H.</author><author>Wang,Y.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,WorcesterPolytechnicInstitute,Worcester,Massachusetts01609,UnitedStates. WoodruffSchoolofMechanicalEngineering,GeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,Atlanta,Georgia30332,UnitedStates.</auth-address><titles><title>EnhancedElectrochemicalPerformanceoftheLithium-Manganese-RichCathodeforLi-IonBatterieswithNaandFCoDoping</title><secondary-title>ACSApplMaterInterfaces</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSApplMaterInterfaces</full-title></periodical><pages>37842-37849</pages><volume>11</volume><number>41</number><edition>2019/09/29</edition><keywords><keyword>cathode</keyword><keyword>co-dope</keyword><keyword>co-precipitation</keyword><keyword>fluorine</keyword><keyword>lithiumionbattery</keyword><keyword>sodium</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Oct16</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1944-8252(Electronic) 1944-8244(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>31560196</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/31560196</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsami.9b13838</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[63]，KADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yao</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>70</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[64]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>70</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894891">70</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yao,Wenli</author><author>Liu,Yong</author><author>Li,Dong</author><author>Zhang,Qian</author><author>Zhong,Shengwen</author><author>Cheng,Hongwei</author><author>Yan,Zhengquan</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>SynergisticallyEnhancedElectrochemicalPerformanceofNi-richCathodeMaterialsforLithium-ionBatteriesbyKandTiCo-modification</title><secondary-title>TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryC</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>TheJournalofPhysicalChemistryC</full-title></periodical><pages>2346-2356</pages><volume>124</volume><number>4</number><section>2346</section><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1932-7447 1932-7455</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10526</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[64]，YADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[65]，ZrADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[66]…）和陰離子摻雜（F，Cl，S…）ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[67-68]。摻雜改性通過穩(wěn)定晶體內(nèi)部各元素化學(xué)價(jià)或形成靜電排斥作用來擴(kuò)大層間距，從而促進(jìn)Li+遷移并抑制Ni2+遷移。摻雜改性可以抑制循環(huán)過程中的不可逆相變，減輕深度脫鋰狀態(tài)下的晶格畸變，還可以通過增加氧和TM離子鍵強(qiáng)度來抑制電化學(xué)循環(huán)過程中的氧釋放，提高晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的穩(wěn)定性ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ye</Author><Year>2021</Year><RecNum>64</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[69]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>64</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894114">64</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Ye,Z.</author><author>Qiu,L.</author><author>Yang,W.</author><author>Wu,Z.</author><author>Liu,Y.</author><author>Wang,G.</author><author>Song,Y.</author><author>Zhong,B.</author><author>Guo,X.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,UniversityofSichuan,Chengdu,610065,P.R.China. DepartmentofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,QufuNormalUniversity,Qufu,273165,P.R.China. DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,HenanNormalUniversity,Xinxiang,453007,P.R.China.</auth-address><titles><title>Nickel-RichLayeredCathodeMaterialsforLithium-IonBatteries</title><secondary-title>Chemistry</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Chemistry</full-title></periodical><pages>4249-4269</pages><volume>27</volume><number>13</number><edition>2020/10/20</edition><keywords><keyword>highenergydensity</keyword><keyword>lithium-ionbatteries</keyword><keyword>modification</keyword><keyword>nickel</keyword><keyword>transitionmetaloxides</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2021</year><pub-dates><date>Mar1</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1521-3765(Electronic) 0947-6539(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>33073440</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/33073440</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/chem.202003987</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[69]。Xie等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Xie</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>65</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[59]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>65</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894242">65</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Xie,Qiang</author><author>Li,Wangda</author><author>Manthiram,Arumugam</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AMg-DopedHigh-NickelLayeredOxideCathodeEnablingSafer,High-Energy-DensityLi-IonBatteries</title><secondary-title>ChemistryofMaterials</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ChemistryofMaterials</full-title></periodical><pages>938-946</pages><volume>31</volume><number>3</number><section>938</section><dates><year>2019</year></dates><isbn>0897-4756 1520-5002</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03900</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[59]制備了摻雜2％Mg的Li0.98Mg0.02Ni0.94Co0.06O2（NC-Mg）富鎳正極材料，Mg2+離子占據(jù)鋰層并作為支柱離子，與未摻雜的LiNi0.94Co0.06O2（NC）相比，Mg2+摻雜顯著增強(qiáng)了結(jié)構(gòu)可逆性并減少了循環(huán)時(shí)的各向異性晶格畸變，從而大大提高了富鎳正極材料的電化學(xué)性能和熱穩(wěn)定性。電化學(xué)測試表明，NC-Mg在軟包全電池中經(jīng)過500次循環(huán)后可提供214mAhg-1的容量，容量保持率為80.1％，遠(yuǎn)高于NC的保留率（56.3％）。此外，Mg摻雜后NC-Mg的放熱峰溫度為211°C，遠(yuǎn)高于NC的177°C，突出了NC-Mg的優(yōu)異的熱穩(wěn)定性。Li等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Li</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>63</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[58]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>63</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620894075">63</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Li,Yong-Chun</author><author>Xiang,Wei</author><author>Wu,Zhen-Guo</author><author>Xu,Chun-Liu</author><author>Xu,Ya-Di</author><author>Xiao,Yao</author><author>Yang,Zu-Guang</author><author>Wu,Chun-Jin</author><author>Lv,Gen-Pin</author><author>Guo,Xiao-Dong</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>ConstructionofhomogeneouslyAl3+dopedNirichNi-Co-Mncathodewithhighstablecyclingperformanceandstoragestabilityviascalablecontinuousprecipitation</title><secondary-title>ElectrochimicaActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ElectrochimicaActa</full-title></periodical><pages>84-94</pages><volume>291</volume><section>84</section><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>00134686</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.124</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[58]使用AlO2-溶液作為前體試劑，通過可擴(kuò)展的連續(xù)沉淀法合成了Al3+摻雜的富鎳LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.09Al0.01O2正極。由AlO2-溶液合成的富鎳正極材料，Al3+分布更均勻，球體更完美，晶體內(nèi)部的Li+/Ni2+無序度降低。均勻摻雜Al3+的富鎳LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.09Al0.01O2正極表現(xiàn)出明顯改善的循環(huán)性能，1C倍率下200次循環(huán)后的容量保持率為78.92％，在10C倍率下1000次循環(huán)后的的容量保持率為70.0％。此外，Al的均勻摻雜可以在儲(chǔ)存過程中抑制富鎳正極材料與H2O和CO2的反應(yīng)，提高儲(chǔ)存穩(wěn)定性。Yue等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yue</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>74</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[68]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>74</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620895076">74</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yue,Peng</author><author>Wang,Zhixing</author><author>Guo,Huajun</author><author>Xiong,Xunhui</author><author>Li,Xinhai</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>AlowtemperaturefluorinesubstitutionontheelectrochemicalperformanceoflayeredLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2?zFzcathodematerials</title><secondary-title>ElectrochimicaActa</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ElectrochimicaActa</full-title></periodical><pages>1-8</pages><volume>92</volume><section>1</section><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>00134686</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1016/j.electacta.2013.01.018</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[68]使用NH4F在450℃的較低溫度下制備了F摻雜的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正極材料。通過對(duì)F摻雜的球形LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2-zFz材料進(jìn)行一系列的表征測試，證明了氟摻入了晶體中，盡管F摻雜后的材料顯示出較低的初始放電容量，但是與原始材料相比，其循環(huán)性能得到了極大的提升，100圈循環(huán)后保持率為94.3％，原始材料只有79.7％。F摻雜的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2材料提升的循環(huán)性能歸因于F摻雜保護(hù)了電極材料免受HF侵蝕和維持了電極的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定。此外，F(xiàn)摻雜還對(duì)高溫下的循環(huán)性能和儲(chǔ)存性能起積極作用。1.2表面包覆改性表面包覆改性富鎳三元正極材料的方法已被廣泛應(yīng)用，在富鎳正極材料表面包覆一層保護(hù)層可以防止電解質(zhì)的侵蝕，抑制表面相變和氧流失并減輕晶間裂紋的產(chǎn)生，以增強(qiáng)富鎳正極的電化學(xué)性能和熱穩(wěn)定性ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[70-71]。迄今為止已有多種材料用于表面包覆，包括碳，氧化物，磷酸鹽，氟化物，導(dǎo)電聚合物和含鋰化合物。然而，傳統(tǒng)的表面包覆層在電化學(xué)循環(huán)過程中會(huì)阻礙電子的傳輸和鋰離子的擴(kuò)散，找到合適的包覆層材料是包覆改性的一大難點(diǎn)。除了包覆層的化學(xué)和物理特性外，包覆層的厚度和形態(tài)也會(huì)顯著影響富鎳正極材料的比容量和循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。因此還需要開發(fā)簡單有效的包覆技術(shù)，調(diào)控包覆層厚度，最大化的發(fā)揮包覆改性的優(yōu)勢。Yan等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yan</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>78</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>78</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620895407">78</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yan,Pengfei</author><author>Zheng,Jianming</author><author>Liu,Jian</author><author>Wang,Biqiong</author><author>Cheng,Xiaopeng</author><author>Zhang,Yuefei</author><author>Sun,Xueliang</author><author>Wang,Chongmin</author><author>Zhang,Ji-Guang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TailoringgrainboundarystructuresandchemistryofNi-richlayeredcathodesforenhancedcyclestabilityoflithium-ionbatteries</title><secondary-title>NatureEnergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureEnergy</full-title></periodical><pages>600-605</pages><volume>3</volume><number>7</number><section>600</section><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>2058-7546</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/s41560-018-0191-3</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[72]用固體電解質(zhì)Li3PO4注入富鎳三元正極材料二次顆粒的晶界，顯著提高了正極的容量保持率和電壓穩(wěn)定性，圖1-9為Li3PO4包覆改性的示意圖。注入晶界的固體電解質(zhì)不僅充當(dāng)鋰離子傳輸?shù)目焖偻ǖ?，更重要的是，它可以防止液體電解質(zhì)滲透到邊界中，從而消除了正極-液體電解質(zhì)界面反應(yīng)，晶間開裂和層狀至尖晶石相變等有害反應(yīng)。經(jīng)過Li3PO4注入正極材料晶界改性后彩禮的在室溫下的容量保持率為91.6％，在60°C時(shí)為73.2％，而原始材料的容量保持率分別為79.0％和58.3％。圖1-9LPO包覆層改性示意圖ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Yan</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>78</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[72]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>78</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620895407">78</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Yan,Pengfei</author><author>Zheng,Jianming</author><author>Liu,Jian</author><author>Wang,Biqiong</author><author>Cheng,Xiaopeng</author><author>Zhang,Yuefei</author><author>Sun,Xueliang</author><author>Wang,Chongmin</author><author>Zhang,Ji-Guang</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>TailoringgrainboundarystructuresandchemistryofNi-richlayeredcathodesforenhancedcyclestabilityoflithium-ionbatteries</title><secondary-title>NatureEnergy</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>NatureEnergy</full-title></periodical><pages>600-605</pages><volume>3</volume><number>7</number><section>600</section><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>2058-7546</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1038/s41560-018-0191-3</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[72]Figure1-9SchematicdiagramofLPOcoatingmodificationGan等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gan</Author><Year>2019</Year><RecNum>75</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[73]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>75</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620895272">75</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Gan,Q.</author><author>Qin,N.</author><author>Zhu,Y.</author><author>Huang,Z.</author><author>Zhang,F.</author><author>Gu,S.</author><author>Xie,J.</author><author>Zhang,K.</author><author>Lu,L.</author><author>Lu,Z.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering,SouthernUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shenzhen518055,China. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,NationalUniversityofSingapore,117575,Singapore. DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,CityUniversityofHongKong,83TatCheeAvenue,Kowloon,HongKong,China.</auth-address><titles><title>Polyvinylpyrrolidone-InducedUniformSurface-ConductivePolymerCoatingEndowsNi-RichLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2withEnhancedCyclabilityforLithium-IonBatteries</title><secondary-title>ACSApplMaterInterfaces</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSApplMaterInterfaces</full-title></periodical><pages>12594-12604</pages><volume>11</volume><number>13</number><edition>2019/03/13</edition><keywords><keyword>Ni-richcathode</keyword><keyword>conductivepolymer</keyword><keyword>excellentcyclability</keyword><keyword>surfactantinductiveagent</keyword><keyword>uniformsurfacecoating</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2019</year><pub-dates><date>Apr3</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1944-8252(Electronic) 1944-8244(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>30860354</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/30860354</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acsami.9b04050</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[73]采用導(dǎo)電聚合物包覆層來改善NCM811的電化學(xué)循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性。該聚合物是聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）和聚苯胺（PANI）復(fù)合物，聚乙烯吡咯烷酮可與NCM表面結(jié)合，聚苯胺則非常穩(wěn)定且具有導(dǎo)電性。這樣可以實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的表面覆蓋，PANI層不僅充當(dāng)電子傳導(dǎo)的快速通道，而且還抑制了電極與電解質(zhì)的直接接觸，有效地阻止副反應(yīng)，改善了電化學(xué)性能。100次循環(huán)后容量保持率從66.3％提高到88.7％。Qu等人ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Qu</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>76</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[74]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>76</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620895303">76</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Qu,Xingyu</author><author>Yu,Zhenlu</author><author>Ruan,Dingshan</author><author>Dou,Aichun</author><author>Su,Mingru</author><author>Zhou,Yu</author><author>Liu,Yunjian</author><author>Chu,Dewei</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>EnhancedElectrochemicalPerformanceofNi-RichCathodeMaterialswithLi1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3Coating</title><secondary-title>ACSSustainableChemistry&Engineering</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>ACSSustainableChemistry&Engineering</full-title></periodical><pages>5819-5830</pages><volume>8</volume><number>15</number><section>5819</section><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>2168-0485 2168-0485</isbn><urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05539</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[74]通過控制前體的水解和溶解度來調(diào)整包覆層的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)，成功地將快離子導(dǎo)體Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7（PO4）3（LATP）包覆在富鎳的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2表面上。電化學(xué)測試結(jié)果表明，0.5wt％LATP包覆改性的富鎳正極材料在2C下200次循環(huán)后具有出色的循環(huán)穩(wěn)定性，容量保持率為84.5％，而原始樣品的容量保持率僅為67.39％。循環(huán)后材料的SEM-BSE和TEM結(jié)果表明，改性后的樣品保持了良好的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)和顆粒形態(tài)。這說明LATP可以抑制了材料的開裂和顆粒的塌陷，有效提高LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正極的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性。1.3顆粒形貌調(diào)控富鎳三元正極材料形貌一般為一次顆粒團(tuán)聚而成的二次顆粒，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)除晶體結(jié)構(gòu)和元素組成外，顆粒的形貌也影響著鋰的在晶體中的擴(kuò)散。富鎳三元正極材料為典型的α-NaFeO2結(jié)構(gòu)，其中鋰離子和TM陽離子占據(jù)了氧骨架的八面體位置，形成了由交替堆疊的MO6和LiO6八面體層組成的結(jié)構(gòu)。如圖1-10所示，垂直于c軸的每一層稱為（001）平面，由于緊密堆積的結(jié)構(gòu)，它在電化學(xué)上是無活性的。相反，垂直于（003）平面且平行于a或b軸的平面稱為（010）平面，其具有便利的鋰擴(kuò)散通道ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wei</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>86</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[75]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>86</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620904934">86</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wei,G.Z.</author><author>Lu,X.</author><author>Ke,F.S.</author><author>Huang,L.</author><author>Li,J.T.</author><author>Wang,Z.X.</author><author>Zhou,Z.Y.</author><author>Sun,S.G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofPhysicalChemistryofSolidSurfaces,DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,361005China.</auth-address><titles><title>Crystalhabit-tunednanoplatematerialofLi[Li1/3-2x/3NixMn2/3-x/3]O(2)forhigh-rateperformancelithium-ionbatteries</title><secondary-title>AdvMater</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvMater</full-title></periodical><pages>4364-7</pages><volume>22</volume><number>39</number><edition>2010/08/31</edition><keywords><keyword>*ElectricPowerSupplies</keyword><keyword>Electrodes</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>Lithium/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>Microscopy,Electron,Transmission</keyword><keyword>Models,Molecular</keyword><keyword>MolecularConformation</keyword><keyword>Nanostructures/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>Nanotechnology/*methods</keyword><keyword>Oxides/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>SurfaceProperties</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year><pub-dates><date>Oct15</date></pub-dates></dates><isbn>1521-4095(Electronic) 0935-9648(Linking)</isbn><accession-num>20803764</accession-num><urls><related-urls><url>/pubmed/20803764</url></related-urls></urls><electronic-resource-num>10.1002/adma.201001578</electronic-resource-num></record></Cite></EndNote>[75]。因此，增加富鎳正極中（010）晶面的比例或?qū)崿F(xiàn)沿c方向的定向生長可以顯著增強(qiáng)其鋰離子擴(kuò)散能力。圖1-10兩種納米板及其表面微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的示意圖ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wei</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>86</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[75]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>86</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="d9d5tw0e70fsw9edt5s590ftwxtvx9tz5vxw"timestamp="1620904934">86</key><keyapp="ENWeb"db-id="">0</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Wei,G.Z.</author><author>Lu,X.</author><author>Ke,F.S.</author><author>Huang,L.</author><author>Li,J.T.</author><author>Wang,Z.X.</author><author>Zhou,Z.Y.</author><author>Sun,S.G.</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofPhysicalChemistryofSolidSurfaces,DepartmentofChemistry,CollegeofChemistryandChemicalEngineering,XiamenUniversity,Xiamen,361005China.</auth-address><titles><title>Crystalhabit-tunednanoplatematerialofLi[Li1/3-2x/3NixMn2/3-x/3]O(2)forhigh-rateperformancelithium-ionbatteries</title><secondary-title>AdvMater</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>AdvMater</full-title></periodical><pages>4364-7</pages><volume>22</volume><number>39</number><edition>2010/08/31</edition><keywords><keyword>*ElectricPowerSupplies</keyword><keyword>Electrodes</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>Lithium/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>Microscopy,Electron,Transmission</keyword><keyword>Models,Molecular</keyword><keyword>MolecularConformation</keyword><keyword>Nanostructures/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>Nanotechnology/*methods</keyword><keyword>Oxides/*chemistry</keyword><keyword>SurfaceProperties</keywor