托福真題及答案

一、單項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapartofthemodernEnglishlanguage?A.LoanwordsB.DialectsC.SlangD.AncientrunesAnswer:D2.Whatisthetermforthestudyoflanguagestructure?A.SemanticsB.PhoneticsC.SyntaxD.PragmaticsAnswer:C3.Inthesentence"Sheisreadingabook,"whatpartofspeechis"reading"?A.NounB.VerbC.AdjectiveD.AdverbAnswer:B4.Whatisthemainpurposeofidiomsinlanguage?A.ToconfuselistenersB.ToaddculturalrichnessC.TomakelanguagemorecomplexD.ToreplaceformallanguageAnswer:B5.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofametaphor?A.Thesunisshiningbrightly.B.Heisasbraveasalion.C.Sheisafastrunner.D.Thebookisonthetable.Answer:B6.Whatisthetermfortheuseofthesamewordindifferentsenses?A.SynonymyB.HomophonyC.PolysemyD.AntonymyAnswer:C7.Whatisthefunctionofaconjunctioninasentence?A.ToexpressadoubtB.ToconnectwordsorclausesC.TomodifyanounD.ToindicateaquestionAnswer:B8.Whatisthetermforthestudyofthehistoryofwords?A.EtymologyB.LexicologyC.PhonologyD.SyntaxAnswer:A9.Whatisthetermfortheuseofexaggerationforemphasis?A.HyperboleB.MetaphorC.SimileD.AlliterationAnswer:A10.Whatisthetermforthewaywordsarepronounced?A.GrammarB.OrthographyC.PhonologyD.SemanticsAnswer:C二、多項選擇題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofnon-standardEnglish?A.AfricanAmericanVernacularEnglishB.BritishEnglishC.AustralianEnglishD.SpanishAnswer:A,C2.Whatarethemaincomponentsoflanguage?A.PhonemesB.MorphemesC.SyntaxD.SemanticsAnswer:A,B,C,D3.Whatarethefunctionsoflanguage?A.TocommunicateB.ToexpressemotionsC.TopreservecultureD.ToperformritualsAnswer:A,B,C4.Whatarethetypesofsentencesbasedonstructure?A.SimplesentencesB.CompoundsentencesC.ComplexsentencesD.Compound-complexsentencesAnswer:A,B,C,D5.Whatarethetypesoffigurativelanguage?A.MetaphorB.SimileC.HyperboleD.AlliterationAnswer:A,B,C,D6.Whatarethemainareasofstudyinlinguistics?A.PhoneticsB.SyntaxC.SemanticsD.PragmaticsAnswer:A,B,C,D7.Whatarethefeaturesofidiomaticexpressions?A.TheyoftenhaveliteralmeaningsB.TheyareculturallyspecificC.TheycanbeambiguousD.TheyarefixedexpressionsAnswer:B,C,D8.Whatarethetypesofconjunctions?A.CoordinatingconjunctionsB.CorrelativeconjunctionsC.SubordinatingconjunctionsD.ConjunctiveadverbsAnswer:A,B,C,D9.Whatarethefactorsthatinfluencelanguagechange?A.SocialfactorsB.CulturalfactorsC.PoliticalfactorsD.LinguisticfactorsAnswer:A,B,C,D10.Whatarethetypesofdiscourse?A.NarrativediscourseB.DescriptivediscourseC.ExpositorydiscourseD.PersuasivediscourseAnswer:A,B,C,D三、判斷題（總共10題，每題2分）1.Thestudyoftheoriginofwordsiscalledetymology.Answer:True2.Alllanguageshavethesamestructure.Answer:False3.Slangisalwaysconsiderednon-standardlanguage.Answer:True4.Idiomscanbeunderstoodfromtheirliteralcomponents.Answer:False5.Thestudyofhowsoundsareproducediscalledphonology.Answer:False6.Syntaxisthestudyofthestructureofsentences.Answer:True7.Alllanguageshavethesamegrammarrules.Answer:False8.Hyperboleisafigureofspeechthatusesexaggeration.Answer:True9.Thestudyofthemeaningofwordsiscalledsemantics.Answer:True10.Dialectsarevariationsofthesamelanguage.Answer:True四、簡答題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb?Answer:Anounisawordthatrepresentsaperson,place,thing,oridea,whileaverbisawordthatrepresentsanaction,occurrence,orstateofbeing.Forexample,inthesentence"Thecatsleeps,""cat"isanounand"sleeps"isaverb.2.Whatisthepurposeofidiomsinlanguage?Answer:Idiomsservetoaddculturalrichnessandcolortolanguage,makingitmoreexpressiveandvivid.Theyoftenconveymeaningsthatcannotbeunderstoodfromtheliteralcomponentsofthewordsused.3.Whatarethemaincomponentsoflanguage?Answer:Themaincomponentsoflanguageincludephonemes(thesmallestunitsofsound),morphemes(thesmallestunitsofmeaning),syntax(therulesforformingsentences),andsemantics(thestudyofmeaning).4.Whatisthedifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguage?Answer:Formallanguageisusedinseriousorofficialcontextsandischaracterizedbyitsadherencetogrammaticalrulesandavoidanceofslangorcolloquialisms.Informallanguage,ontheotherhand,isusedincasualorfamiliarcontextsandismorerelaxedinitsuseofgrammarandincludesslangandcolloquialisms.五、討論題（總共4題，每題5分）1.Howdoesthestudyoflinguisticscontributetoourunderstandingofhumancommunication?Answer:Thestudyoflinguisticscontributestoourunderstandingofhumancommunicationbyanalyzingthestructure,function,andevolutionoflanguage.Ithelpsusunderstandhowlanguageisusedtoconveymeaning,expressemotions,andmaintainsocialrelationships.Additionally,itprovidesinsightsintothecognitiveprocessesinvolvedinlanguageacquisitionanduse.2.Whatarethechallengesoflanguagelearningfornon-nativespeakers?Answer:Languagelearningfornon-nativespeakerspresentsseveralchallenges,includingthecomplexityofgrammarrules,theneedtoacquirealargevocabulary,andthedifficultyofmasteringpronunciation.Additionally,culturaldifferencesincommunicationstylesandtheinfluenceofthenativelanguagecanposeobstaclestolearning.3.Howdoeslanguagechangeovertime?Answer:Languagechangesovertimeduetovariousfactors,includingsocial,cultural,political,andlinguisticinfluences.Socialfactorssuchasmigrationandglobalizationcanintroducenewwordsandphrasesintoalanguage,whileculturalfactorssuchastechnologicaladvancementscanleadtothecreationofnew