雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷114

一、綜合題（本題共40題，每題1.0分，共40分。）

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13whicharcbasedonReading

Passage1below.Questions1-6ReadingPassage1hassixparagraphs,A-F.Choosethe

conectheadingsforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrect

number,i-ix,inboxes1-6onyouranswersheet.StudyinginNewZealandAArelatively

smallislandwithapopulationoflessthanaquarterofrhalofTokyo,NewZealandhasa

hugeoverseasstudentpopulation.Withoverhalfamillionfee-payingforeignstudents,

anever-increasingrangeofacademic,professionalandvocationalcoursesandEnglish

languageservicesarebeingcreatedorexpanded.Butwhydosomanypeoplecomefrom

overseastostudyinNewZealand?Primarily,thereisthefactthatithasanexcellent

educationsystem,especiallyinEnglishlanguageteaching.WithitsmanyBritish

connectionsaswellastheadoptionoflanguagefromAmerica,NewZealandoffersa

veryinternationallanguage.LanguagestudentsarealsoenticedtoNewZealandasthey

canfullyimmersethemselvesinthelanguage.Thisisonlypossibleinacountrywhere

Englishisthespokenlanguage.BTherearealsostrictgovernmentcontrolsandstandards

onthequalityofeducationoffered.Thegovernmentcontrolstheeducationsystem,andit

hasappointedtheNewZealandQualificationsAuthority,aMinistryofEducationandan

EducationReviewOffice,tolicenseandcontrolschools.Thesegovernmentbodies

ensurethatstandardsareashighinNewZealandasanywhereintheworld.Inaddition,

theydecidewhetherornotlanguageschoolshavethecredentialsandqualitytooperate.

Thisallowsstudentstohavesomepeaceofmindwhenchoosingaschool,butthereare

otherreasonstochooseNewZealandfirst.IndependentreportshaveprovenNew

Zealandtobethemostcost-effectivecountryinthewesternworldforstudyfees,

accommodation,costofliving,andrecreation.Italsohasareputationforsafetyand

security,perhapsthebestamongstwesterncountries.AucklandCityoffersa

multiculturalandcosmopolitanplacetoshop,eatandbeentertained.Lessthananhour

outofthecityandyoufindyourselfonbeachesormountainsfamousfortheircleanliness

andlackofpollution.CAlthoughamajorityofinternaiionalstudentsspendsometimein

alanguageschool,forthoseaged13to18NewZealandsecondaryschoolsprovidea

broadeducation.Otherstudentstakeadvantageofoneofthemanytertiaryeducation

institutionswhichformtheNewZealandpolytechnicsystem.Theseinstitutionsarestate-

fundedandprovideeducationandtrainingatmanylevels,fromintroductorystudiesto

fulldegreeprogrammes.UniversityeducationwasestablishedinNewZealandin1870

andhasasimilartraditiontotheBritishuniversitysystem.Thereareeightstate-funded

universitiesinNewZealand,alloftheminternationallyrespectedfortheiracademicand

researchperformance.Inadditiontoacentrallycoordinatedsystemofqualityassurance

auditsatbothinstitutionandprogrammelevel,eachuniversityundertakesinternalquality

checks.DAllNewZealanduniversitiesofferabroadrangeofsubjectsinarts,commerce

andscience,buttheyhavealsospecialisedinnarrowerfieldsofstudysuchascomputer

studies,medicineorenvironmentalstudies.Bachelor's,Master'sandDoctoratedegrees

arcofferedbyallNewZealanduniversities.Arangeofundergraduateandpostgraduate

diplomasarealsoavailable,alongwithHonoursprogrammes(usuallyrequiringan

additionalyearofstudy).ThefirstdegreeastudentisabletogaininNewZealandis,as

elsewhere,aBachelor'sdegree.WithacompletedBachelor'sdegree,agraduatemaybe

abletogoontoanumberofotheroptions.TherearePostgraduateDiplomacourses,

Master'sdegrees,Doctoratesandevenresearchpositionsavailable.EThePostgraduate

Diplomacoursetakesoneyearonafull-timeprogrammeandisdesignedforgraduates

buildingontheacademicfieldoftheirpreviousdegree.TheMaster'sdegree,likethe

PostgraduateDiploma,buildsonaBachelor'sdegreebutcantakeuptotwoyears,by

whichtimeathesismustbecompleted.TheMaster'sistheconventionalpathwaytothe

nextlevelofeducation—theDoctorate.Forthiscourse,graduatesarerequiredto

producearesearch-basedthesisaspartofacoursethattakesaminimumoftwoyears,

andisbyfarthemostchallenging.FFinallythereisthepossibilityofresearchinNew

Zealanduniversities.Researchisthemaincharacteristicthatdistinguishesauniversityas

opposedtoapolytechnicorothertertiaryeducationinstitution.NewZealandremains

justifiablyproudofthequalityofitsresearchasalargenumberofawardsarepresented

toresearchersfromNewZealanduniversities.ListofheadingsiPrestigiouscontribution

iiFurthereducationoptionsiiiSpecialisationivCostoffurthereducationvCourse

requirementsviOverseeingauthoritiesviiPostgraduatechoicesviiiWhyNewZealand?

ixGovernmentfunding

1ParagraphA

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:viii

知識點解析：A段開門見山地指出新西蘭有眾多的每外留學(xué)生，然后以設(shè)問的方式

說明留學(xué)生為何選擇新西蘭，提出的問題Buiwhydo...sludyinNewZealand?

與viii項WhyNewZealand?是同義表達(dá)，故答案為viii。

2、ParagraphB

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：vi

知識點解析：B段首先指出新西蘭政府對教育的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和質(zhì)量有嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管(strict

governmentcontrolsandstandardsonthequalityofeducation),然后介紹了三個相關(guān)

的政府機構(gòu)，其中controls和ensure與這項市的oversee“監(jiān)督，審查”對應(yīng)，而

authorities與governmentbodies為同義表達(dá)。故Overseeingauthorities”監(jiān)督性的官

方機構(gòu)”符合B段內(nèi)容，答案為vi。

3、ParagraphC

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：ix

知識點解析：C段介紹了新西蘭由公立學(xué)校(institutionsarestate-funded)組成的理工

學(xué)院系統(tǒng)提供的教育課程，以及八間公立大學(xué)(eightstate-fundeduniversilies)的學(xué)術(shù)

優(yōu)勢。具中stale-funded?'公立的”與ix項的GovernmentRinding“政府提供資金”為同

義表達(dá)，故答案為ix。

4、ParagraphD

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：ii

知日點解析：D段介紹了新西蘭大學(xué)可以修讀的課程與學(xué)位，并指出在取得本科學(xué)

位后，畢業(yè)生有多種選擇。原文的agraduatemaybeabletogoontoanumberof

otheroptions與ii項“進一步的教育選擇”表述相符，故答案為ii。

5、ParagraphE

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：vii

知識點解析：E段介紹了完成本科學(xué)習(xí)后可以繼續(xù)修讀的學(xué)位與課程，包括研究生

文憑課程(PoslgraduaieDiplomacourse)>碩上學(xué)位(Master'sdegree)和博士學(xué)位

(Doctorate),vii項Postgraduatechoices”研究生的選擇”復(fù)現(xiàn)了原詞Postgraduate,故

答案為Vllo

6、ParagraphF

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：i

知識點解析：F段提到新西蘭各所大學(xué)給學(xué)生提供做研究的機會(thepossibilityof

research),且有大量獲獎研究出自于新西蘭的大學(xué)。其中alargenumberofawards

的表述與i項”盛名在外的貢獻(xiàn)”相符，故答案為i。

Completethenotesbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthe

passagefbreachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes7-9onyouranswersheet.

EducationalCharacteristicsofNewZealand-ThefieldofstudyinwhichNewZealand

excelsis[R7]-Studentscan[R8].EnglishasNewZealandisan

Englishspeakingcountry.-Educationalstandardsaremonitoredbythree[R9]

7、[R7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Englishlanguageteaching

知識點解析：由標(biāo)題EcucationalCharacteristicsofNewZealand可知這三題關(guān)于新

西蘭教育的特點，相關(guān)信息集中在前兩段。本題問新西蘭教育方面有優(yōu)勢的一個領(lǐng)

域，由fieldofstudy及excels定位至A段第四句。該句明確指出，新西蘭有優(yōu)秀的

教育系統(tǒng)，在英語語言教學(xué)方面尤其有優(yōu)勢。題1=1exceis與exceHent、especially

對應(yīng)，Englishlanguageteaching屬于fieldofstudy的范畸，故答案為English

languageteachingo

8、[R8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：fullyimmersein

知識點解析：題目問新西蘭作為英語國家對學(xué)生的英語學(xué)習(xí)有何作用，由English

speakingcountry可定位至A段最后兩句。該處指出，因為只有在英語國家才能完

全沉浸在英語環(huán)境里，故學(xué)英語的學(xué)生選擇到新西蘭留學(xué)。其中ihelanguage實際

指English,而acountrywhereEnglishisthespokenlanguage與Englishspeaking

country為同義表達(dá)，結(jié)合題目的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，答案為fullyimmersein。

9、[R9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：governmentbodies

知識點解析：題目問新西蘭的教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn)由什么監(jiān)測。由Educationalstandards定位

至B段第二、三句。該處提到三個政府機構(gòu)：theNewZealandQualifications

monkeys,forinstance.ButHTVthatcamefrommonkeyshasnotbecomeaglobal

problem.Wcarcmorecloselyrelatedtoapes,likegorillasandchimpanzees,thanwearc

tomonkeys.ButevenwhenHIVhaspassedintohumanpopulationsfromtheseapes,it

hasnotnecessarilyturnedintoawidespreadhealthissue.HIVoriginatingfromapes

typicallybelongstoatypeofviruscalledHIV-1.OneiscalledHIV-1groupO,and

humancasesarelargelyconfinedtowestAfrica.Infact,onlyoneformofHIVhas

spreadfarandwideafterjumpingtohumans.Thisversion,whichprobablyoriginated

fromchimpanzees,iscalledHIV-1groupM(for'major').Morethan90%ofHIV

infectionsbelongingroupM.Whichraisesanobviousquestion:what'ssospecialabout

HIV-1groupM?Astudypublishedlastyearsuggestsasurprisinganswer:theremightbe

nothingparticularlyspecialaboutgroupM.Itisnotespeciallyinfectious,asyoumight

expect.Instead,itseemsthatthisformofHIVsimplytookadvantageofevents.

'Ecologicalratherthanevolutionaryfactorsdroveitsrapidspread,'saysNunoFariaatthe

UniversityofOxfordintheUKFariaandhiscolleaguesbuiltafamilytreeofHIV,by

lookingatadiversearrayofHIVgenomescollectedfromabout800infectedpeoplefrom

centralAfrica.Genomespickupnewmutationsatafairlysteadyrate,sobycomparing

twogenomesequencesandcountingthedifferencestheycouldworkoutwhenthetwo

lastsharedacommonancestor.Thistechniqueiswidelyused,forexampletoestablish

thatourcommonancestorwithchimpanzeeslivedatleast7millionyearsago.*RNA

virusessuchasHIVevolveapproximatelyImilliontimesfasterthanhumanDNA,*says

Faria.ThismeanstheIIIV'molecularclock'ticksveryfastindeed.Ittickssofast,Faria

andhiscolleaguesfoundthattheHIVgenomesallsharedacommonancestorthatexisted

nomorethan100yearsago.TheHIV-1groupMpandemicprobablyfirstbeganinthe

1920s.Thentheteamwentfurther.BecausetheyknewwhereeachoftheHIVsamples

hadbeencollected,theycouldplacetheoriginofthepandemicinaspecificcity:

Kinshasa,nowthecapitaloftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Althispoint,the

researcherschangedtack.TheyturnedtohistoricalrecordstoworkoutwhyHIV

infectionsinanAfricancityinthe1920scouldultimatelysparkapandemic.Alikely

sequenceofeventsquicklybecameobvious.Inthe1920s,DRCongowasaBelgian

colonyandKinshasa—thenknownasLeopoldville—hadjustbeenmadethecapital.

Thecitybecameaveryattractivedestinationforyoungworkingmenseekingtheir

fortunes,andthereforealsofbrsexworkers.Thevirusspreadquicklythroughthe

population.Itdidnotremainconfinedtothecity.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthe

capitaloftheBelgianCongowas,inthe1920s,oneof:hebestconnectedcitiesinAfrica.

Takingfulladvantageofanextensiverailnetworkusedbyhundredsofthousandsof

peopleeachyear,thevirusspreadtocities900miles(1500km)awayinjust20years.

Everythingwasinplaceforanexplosionininfectionratesinthe1960s.Thebeginningof

thatdecadebroughtanotherchange.BelgianCongogaineditsindependence,andbecame

anattractivesourceofemploymenttoFrenchspeakerselsewhereintheworld,including

Haiti.WhentheseyoungHaitiansreturnedhomeafewyearslatertheytookaparticular

formofHIV-1groupM,called'subtypeB',tothewesternsideoftheAtlantic.Itarrived

intheUSinthe1970s,justassexualliberationandhomophobicattitudeswereleadingto

concentrationsofgaymenincosmopolitancitieslikeNewYorkandSanFrancisco.Once

more,HIVtookadvantageofthesociopoliticalsituationtospreadquicklythroughthe

USandEurope.'Thereisnoreasontobelievethatothersubtypeswouldnothavespread

asquicklyassubtypeB,givensimilarecologicalcircumstances,1saysFaria.Thestoryof

thespreadofHIVisnotoveryet.Forinstance,lastyeartherewasanoutbreakintheUS

stateofIndiana,associatedwithdruginjecting.TheUSCentresforDiseaseControland

PreventionhasbeenanalysingtheHIVgenomesequencesanddataaboutlocationand

timeofinfection,saysYonatanGradattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealthinBoston,

Massachusetts.'Thesedatahelptounderstandtheextentoftheoutbreak,andwillfurther

helptounderstandwhenpublichealthinterventionshaveworked'.Thisapproachcan

workforotherpathogens.Lastyear,GradandhiscolleagueMarcLipsitchpublishedan

investigationintothespreadofdrug-resistantgonorrhoeaacrosstheUS.'Becausewehad

representativesequencesfromindividualsindifferentcitiesatdifferenttimesandwith

differentsexualorientations,wecouldshowthespreadwasfromthewestofthecountry

totheeast/saysLipsitch.WhaCsmore,theycouldconiirmthatthedrug-resistantformof

gonorrhoeaappearedtohavecirculatedpredominantlyinmenwhohavesexwithmen.

Thatcouldpromptincreasedscreeningintheseat-riskpopulations,inanefforttoreduce

furtherspread.Inotherwords,thereisrealpowertostudyingpathogenslikeHIVand

gonorrhoeathroughtheprismofhumansociety.Questions14-20Dothefollowing

statementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2?Inboxes14-20on

youranswersheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFALSEifthe

statementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

14、ThemostimportantroleindevelopingAIDSasapandemiawasplayedbysex

workers.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：由developingAIDSasapandemia及sexworkers可知題目問性工作者

對艾滋病流行起到多大的影響，相關(guān)信息出現(xiàn)在第二段最后兩句。該處指出，貿(mào)

易、殖民主義的崩塌以及20世紀(jì)的社會政治改革對艾滋病的流行的影響4性工作

者的影響不相上下，并沒有比較哪個因素是最重要的，nolessimportant的表述與

題目Themostimportantrole不相符，故答案為FALSEo

15、ItisbelievedthatHIVappearedoutofnowhere.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：考生易被第一段末句的outofnowhere干擾，但該句itseemedto僅表

示推測，且由題目順序原則可知本題信息應(yīng)在第二段后。第三段首句提到艾滋病病

毒并非憑空出現(xiàn)，與題目的表述“艾滋病病毒是憑空出現(xiàn)的"相反，故答案為

FALSEo

16、Humansarenotsocloselyrelatedtomonkeysastochimpanzees.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：題目問人類基因與猴子及黑猩猩三者的密切程度，通過Humans、

monkeys以及chimpanzees可定位至第四段首句。該句指出，人類基因與猿類基因

的聯(lián)系要比與猴子基因的聯(lián)系更為密切(morecloselyrelatedtoapes)。其中插入語

likegorillasandchimpanzees是對apes的舉例說明,由此可知chimpanzees屬于

apes,故可推知題目所述符合文意，答案為TRUE。

17、HIV-1group0originatedin1920s.

A、TRUE

FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：文中提到HIV-1型O亞型組病毒的內(nèi)容僅有第四段最后兩句，該處

提到的信息主要有兩點。一是這種病毒的來源是猿類(originalingfromapes)；二是

這種病毒的感染人群集中在西非地區(qū)(humancasesarelargelyconfinedtowest

Africa)o文章并無提及其出現(xiàn)的時間點，故答案為NOTGIVEN。

18、HIV-1groupMhassomethingspecial.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：有關(guān)HIV-1型M亞型組病毒的信息出現(xiàn)在第五段至七段和第九段，

由題目HIV-1groupM和special可定位至第六段首句。該處指出，HW-1型M亞

型組病毒可能并無任何特別之處,其中mightbenothingparticularlyspecialabout

groupM的表述與題目hassomethingspecial相反，放答案為FALSEo

19、HumanDNAevolvesapproximately1milliontimesslowerthanHIV.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：由HumanDNA及evolves可定位至第七段首句。該處指出RNA病毒

的進化速度比人類DNA的進化速度快了約一百萬倍，其中由suchas可知HIV為

RNA病毒的一種。1milliontimes是原詞重現(xiàn),而題目的slower與文中的faster雖

意義相反，但兩處主語分別為HumanDNA和RNAviruses,故題目表述與原文相

符，答案為TRUE。

20、ScientistsbelievethatHIValreadyexistedin1920s.

A、TRUE

B、FALSE

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：由HIV及1920s可定位至第七段第四句，該處提到HW-1型M亞型

組病毒最初是在20世紀(jì)20年代發(fā)展為流行病的。HW-1gro叩M是HIV的一種，

而題目1920s的時間點與原文一致，且只有病毒已經(jīng)存在(alreadyexisted)才有可能

發(fā)展成流行病(pandemic),故題目表述與文章相符，答案為TRUE。

Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthe

passageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes21-26onyouranswersheet.

21、ScientistsspottedKinshasaastheoriginof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；thepandemic

知識點解析：有關(guān)Kinshasa的信息出現(xiàn)在第七、八段，結(jié)合origin可定位至第七段

末句，該處指出，F(xiàn)aria的團隊通過HIV的樣本發(fā)現(xiàn)艾滋病這一流行病源于金沙

薩。題目的scientists與文中they對應(yīng)，theoriginof是原詞重現(xiàn)，故其后的賓語the

pandemic為答案。

22、Within20yearsthevirusmanagedtospreadtocities900milesawaywiththehelp

ofthe______

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：railnetwork

知識點解析：題目中20years“二十年”和900milestl900英里'’兩處數(shù)據(jù)較為醒目，

故可憑此定位至第八段末句。該處提到艾滋病病毒利用覆蓋面廣、客流量大的鐵路

網(wǎng)在僅僅20年里傳播到900英里外的城市。其中injust20years與題HWithin20

years為同義表達(dá)；Takingfulladvantageof與withthehelpof相對應(yīng),故Takingfull

advantageof后的賓語是答案所在，考慮到題目的字?jǐn)?shù)限制，答案為railnetwork。

23、ItwasthatmadeBelgianCongoapopulardestinationforemploymenttoFrench

speakers.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：independence

知識點解析：由BelgianCongo和populardestinationforemployments可定位至第九

段笫三句，該處指出，比屬剛果得到獨立后成為了對其他地方法語人口的熱門就業(yè)

地，其中attractivesourceofemployment與populardestinationfbremployments為同

義表達(dá)。由題目可知空格處應(yīng)填入名詞或名詞性短語，且其代表的事物對比屬剛果

成為法語人口的熱門就業(yè)地有促進作用，故答案為independenceo

24HIVhasbeentransmittedrapidlythroughouttheUSandEuropebecauseofthe

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：sociopoliticalsituation

知識點解析：由HIV和USandEurope可知題目關(guān)于艾滋病病毒在美國及歐洲的傳

播，可由此定位至第十段。該段第二句提到，艾滋病病毒利用了社會政治形勢在美

國及歐洲快速傳播，其中transmittedrapidlythroughouttheUSandEurope與spread

quicklythroughtheUSandEurope為同義表達(dá)。且由題目becauseof可知，空格處

應(yīng)填入促進艾滋病病毒在歐美傳播的事物(名詞或名詞性短語)，故答案應(yīng)為took

advantage利用''后的賓語sociopoliticalsituation。

25、ItissaidthatoutbreakinIndianawasrelatedto

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：druginjecting

知識點解析：由outbreakinIndiana可定位至第H^一段末句，該處指出，美國印第

安納州的艾滋病爆發(fā)與毒品注射有關(guān)。題HoutbreakinIndiana為原詞重現(xiàn)，related

lo與文中associatedwith為同義表達(dá)，故答案應(yīng)為associatedwith的賓語drug

injectingo

26、ThesamemethodasforHIVcanalsobeusedfor

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：olherpathogens

知識點解析：由methodasforHIV可定位至第十三段首句。該句提到這一方法也可

用于其他病原體，i'hisapproach即前文的analysingtheHIVgenomesequencesand

dataaboutlocationandtimeofinfection,與題目methodasforHIV相符，而題目be

usedfor與文中workfor為同義表達(dá)，故答案為workfor的賓語otherpathogenso

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedonReading

Passage3below.Helium'sFutureUpintheAirAInrecentyearswehaveallbeen

exposedtodiremediareportsconcerningtheimpendingdemiseofglobalcoalandoil

reserves,butthedepletionofanotherkeynon-renewableresourcecontinueswithout

receivingmuchpressatall.Helium—aninerl,odourless,monatomicelementknownto

laypeopleasthesubstancethatmakesballoonsHoalandvoicessqueakwheninhaled一

couldbegonefromthisplanetwithinageneration.BHeliumitselfisnotrare;thereis

actuallyaplentifulsupplyofitinthecosmos.Infact,24percentofourgalaxy's

elementalmassconsistsofhelium,whichmakesitthesecondmostabundantelementin

ouruniverse.Becauseofitslightness,however,mostheliumvanishedfromourown

planetmanyyearsago.Consequently,onlyaminusculeproportion—0.00052%,tobe

exact—remainsinearth'satmosphere.Heliumistheby-productofmillenniaof

radioactivedecayfromtheelementsthoriumanduranium.Theheliumismostlytrapped

insubterraneannaturalgasbunkersandcommerciallyextractedthroughamethodknown

asfractionaldistillation.CThelossofheliumonEarthwouldaffectsocietygreatly.

Defyingtheperceptionofitasanoveltysubstanceforpartiesandgimmicks,theelement

actuallyhasmanyvitalapplicationsinsociety.Probablythemostwellknown

commercialusageisinairshipsandblimps(non-flammableheliumreplacedhydrogenas

theliftinggasdujouraftertheHindenburgcatastrophein1932,duringwhichanairship

burstintoflamesandcrashedtothegroundkillingsomepassengersandcrew).But

heliumisalsoinstrumentalindeep-seadiving,whereitisblendedwithnitrogento

mitigatethedangersofinhalingordinaryairunderhighpressure;asacleaningagentfor

rocketengines;and,initsmostprevalentuse,asacoolantforsuperconductingmagnets

inhospitalMRI(magneticresonanceimaging)scanners.DThepossibilityoflosing

heliumforeverposesthethreatofarealcrisisbecauseitsuniquequalitiesare

extraordinarilydifficult,ifnotimpossibletoduplicate(certainly,nobiosyntheticersatz

productisclosetoapproachingthepointoffeasibilityforhelium,evenassimilar

developmentscontinueapaceloroilandcoal).Heliumisevencheerfullyderidedasa

'loner'elementsinceitdoesnotadheretoothermoleculeslikeitscousin,hydrogen.

AccordingtoDr.LeeSobotka,heliumisthe'mostnoble'ofgases,meaningit'svery

stableandnon-reactiveforthemostpart.Ithasaclosedelectronicconfiguration,avery

tightlyboundatom.Itisthiscovetingofitsownelectronsthatpreventscombinationwith

otherelements.Anotherimportantattributeishelium'suniqueboilingpoint,whichis

lowerthanthatforanyotherelement.Theworseningglobalshortagecouldrender

millionsofdollarsofhigh-value,life-savingequipmenttotallyuseless.Thedwindling

supplieshavealreadyresultedinthepostponementofresearchanddevelopmentprojects

inphysicslaboratoriesandmanufacturingplantsaroundtheworld.Thereisanenormous

supplyanddemandimbalancepartlybroughtaboutbytheexpansionofhigh-tech

manufacturinginAsia.EThesourceoftheproblemistheHeliumPrivatisationAct

(HPA),anAmericanlawpassedin1996thatrequirestheU.S.NationalHeliumReserve

toliquidateitsheliumassetsby2015regardlessofthemarketprice.Althoughintendedto

settletheoriginalcostofthereservebyaU.S.Congressignorantofitsramifications,the

resultolthistiresaleisthatglobalheliumpricesaresoartificiallydellatedthatfewcan

bebotheredrecyclingthesubstanceorusingitjudiciously.Deflatedvaluesalsomean

thatnaturalgasextractorsseenoreasontocapturehelium.Muchislostintheprocessof

extraction.AsSobotkanotes:'Thegovernmenthadthegoodvisiontostorehelium,and

thequestionnowis:Willthecorporationshavethevisiontocaptureitwhenextracting

naturalgas,andconsumersthewisdomtorecycle?Thistakeslong-termvisionbecause

presentmarketforcesarenotsufficienttocompelprudentpractice'.ForNobel-prize

laureateRobertRichardson,theU.S.governmentmustbeprevailedupontorepealits

privatisationpolicyasthecountrysuppliesover80percentofglobalhelium,mostly

fromtheNationalHeliumReserve.ForRichardson,atwenty-tofifty-foldincreasein

priceswouldprovideincentivestorecycle.FAnumberofstepsneedtobetakeninorder

toavertacostlypredicamentinthecoiningdecades.Firstly,allexistingsuppliesof

heliumoughttobeconservedandreleasedonlybypermit,withmedicalusesreceiving

precedenceoverothercommercialorrecreationaldemands.Secondly,conservation

shouldbeobligatoryandenforcedbyaregulatoryagency.Atthemomentsomeusers,

suchashospitals,tendtorecyclediligentlywhileothers,suchasNASA,squander

massiveamountsofhelium.Lastly,researchintoalternativestoheliummustbeginin

earnest.Questions27-31Readingpassage3hassixparagraphs,A-F.Whichparagraph

containsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes27-31onyour

answersheet.

27、auseforheliumwhichmakesanactivitysafer

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：由auseforhelium可知題目有關(guān)氮的用途，相關(guān)信息集中在C段。

該段最后一句提到，氮與氮混合能降低深海潛水時在高壓下吸人普通空氣的危險。

其中deep-seadiving符合題目activity的范疇.而makes...safer”使...更安全“與

mitigatethedangersof…“降低...的危險”是同義表述，故題目與此處的信息相

符，答案為C。

28、thepossibilityofcreatinganalternativetohelium

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：由analternativetohelium"氮的替代品”可定位至D段。該段首句提

到，即便人們有可能找到氮氣的替代品，也很難復(fù)制其獨一無二的特性。其中if

notimpossibletoduplicate是對應(yīng)題目的possibility,而ersatzproduct與alternative

為同義表達(dá)，故答案為D。

29、atermwhichdescribestheprocessofhowheliumistakenoutoftheground

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：由howheliumistakenoutoftheground可知題目有關(guān)氨的提煉過程，

從而可定位至B段。該段末句提到，氮氣通過分儲法從地下的天然氣體儲藏中提

取出來。其中subterranean"地下的"與題目ground對應(yīng)，takenoutof與extracted為

同義表達(dá)。method概括了題Hhowheliumistakenoutoftheground,故表示這一方

法名稱的fraclionaldistillation即是題目term的具體所指，答案為B。

30、areasonwhyusersofheliumdonotmakeeffortstoconserveit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識點解析：由reason及donotmakeeffortstoconserve可知題目有關(guān)氮氣沒有被

好好保存的原因，從而定位至E段。該段第三句提到，由于價值降低，天然氣提

煉商認(rèn)為沒必要專門去抽取氮氣。其中Deflatedvalues是題目reason的具體化，而

capture與conserve相對應(yīng)，故答案為E。

31、acontrastbetweenhelium'schemicalpropertiesandhownon-scientiststhinkabout

it

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：由題目chemicalproperties以及hownon-scientiststhinkaboutit可知有

關(guān)氨的化學(xué)性能及科學(xué)家以外的人對家的認(rèn)識，從而可定位至A段末句。該處指

出，氮是無味惰性的單原子元素，而行外人熟知的它是一種讓氣球飄浮在空中的氣

體，若吸入這種氣體人的聲音會變得尖銳。其中inert,odourless,monatomic

element是chemicalproperties的具體化，而laypeople對應(yīng)non-scicntists,故答案

為Ao

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeviewsofthewriterinReadingpassage3?In

boxes32-35onyouranswersheet,writeYESifthestatementagreeswiththeviewsof

thewriterNOifthestatementcontradictstheviewsofthewriterNOTGIVENifitis

impossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

32、Heliumchoosestobeonitsown,

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：由beonitsown可知題目關(guān)于使氫能獨立存在的屬性，相關(guān)信息集中

在D段。該段第四、五句提到，由于氮的電子結(jié)構(gòu)是閉合的，緊密地束縛著原

子，故它很難和其他元素結(jié)合。其中aclosedelectronic以及averytightlybound

atom是choosestobeonitsown的原因，而preventscombinationwithotherelements

與beonitsown相對應(yīng)，故答案為YESo

33、Heliumisaverycoldsubstance.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：cold“冷”屬于一種物理性質(zhì)，文章關(guān)于氨的性質(zhì)集中在前四段，提及

了其惰性、無味、不可燃等性質(zhì)，但并沒有提及氮的溫度，無法說明氨有cold的

性質(zhì)。故答案為NOTGIVEN。

34、High-techindustriesinAsiausemoreheliumthanlaboratoriesandmanufacturersin

otherpartsoftheworld.

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：文章有關(guān)High-techindustriesinAsia”亞洲高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)”的信息在D段

末句，該處