EUROPEANSTANDARD

NORMEEUROPEENNE

EUROP?ISCHENORM

EN17214

July2019

ICS97.140

EnglishVersion

Visualassessmentoffurnituresurfaces

EvaluationvisuelledelasurfacedesmeublesVisuelleBewertungvonM?beloberfl?chen

ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon26May2019.

CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELECInternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEuropeanStandardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Up-to-datelistsandbibliographical

referencesconcerningsuchnationalstandardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentreortoanyCENmember.

ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeofficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguage

madebytranslationundertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheCEN-CENELECManagementCentrehasthesamestatusastheofficialversions.

CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,

Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal,RepublicofNorthMacedonia,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,TurkeyandUnitedKingdom.

EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION

COMITEEUROPEENDENORMALISATION

EUROP?ISCHESKOMITEEFüRNORMUNG

CEN-CENELECManagementCentre:AvenueMarnix17,B-1000Brussels

◎2019CENAllrightsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreservedRef.No.EN17214:2019:EworldwideforCENnationalMembers

2

ContentsPage

Europeanforeword iii

1Scope 4

2Normativereferences 4

3Termsanddefinitions 4

4Assessmentequipment 5

4.1Cleaningsolution 5

4.2Lighting 5

4.3Holderforfurniturecomponents 5

4.4Assessmenttemplate 6

4.5Lightbox 7

4.6Testpattern 7

4.7Ratingcodescale 8

5Testingandassessment 9

5.1General 9

5.2ProcedureAforvisualassessmentoffurniturecomponentsattheincomingand

outgoinginspectioninthefactory 9

5.3ProcedureBforvisualassessmentoffurniturecomponentswithhigh-gloss

finishesatincomingandoutgoinginspectionsinthefactory 10

5.4ProcedureCforon-sitevisualassessmentofinstalledfurniturecomponents 11

5.4.1Assessmentforflaws 11

5.4.2Assessmentforcolour,glossandstructuraldiscrepanciesanddeviations

indecorativeprints 11

6Testreport 12

AnnexA(informative)Selectionofflaws 13

AnnexB(normative)FiguresforassessmentbyinspectionprocedureB(Grade5to1) 14

Bibliography 22

iii

Europeanforeword

Thisdocument(EN17214:2019)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC207“Furniture”,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyUNI.

ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextorbyendorsement,atthelatestbyJanuary2020,andconflictingnationalstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatestbyJanuary2020.

Attentionisdrawntothepossibilitythatsomeoftheelementsofthisdocumentmaybethesubjectofpatentrights.CENshallnotbeheldresponsibleforidentifyinganyorallsuchpatentrights.

AccordingtotheCEN-CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganisationsofthefollowingcountriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,Bulgaria,Croatia,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,FormerYugoslavRepublicofMacedonia,France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,

Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Turkeyand

theUnitedKingdom.

4

1Scope

Thisdocumentdefinesvisualassessmentproceduresfortheappearanceoffurnituresurfaceswithregardtosurfacedefectsandcolourandglossvariations.

Itisnotapplicabletoconstructivefeaturesorgeometricdimensions,e.g.parallelismofedges.

Thisstandardisapplicabletoallfurnituresurfacesexcepttextileandleathersurfaces.

Itappliestotheincomingandoutgoinggoodsinspections,aswellaslocalassessments.

2Normativereferences

Thefollowingdocumentsarereferredtointhetextinsuchawaythatsomeoralloftheircontentconstitutesrequirementsofthisdocument.Fordatedreferences,onlytheeditioncitedapplies.Forundatedreferences,thelatesteditionofthereferenceddocument(includinganyamendments)applies.ENISO3668:2001,Paintsandvarnishes—Visualcomparisonofthecolourofpaints(ISO3668:1998)

ISO1065:1991,Non-ionicsurface-activeagentsobtainedfromethyleneoxideandmixednon-ionicsurface-activeagents—Determinationofcloudpoint

3Termsanddefinitions

Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.

ISOandIECmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:

·IECElectropedia:availableat

/

·ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableat

/obp

3.1

normalposition

positionofthefurnitureitemwhenusedasintended

3.2

visualassessment

assessmentofthefurnituresurfaceunderspecifiedconditions

3.3

overallimpression

regularityinthearrangementofindividualitemsoffurniturethatbelongtogetherandoftheirpartsinrelationtooneanother,orofindividualpartsofanitemoffurniture,fromadistanceaccordingtothesizeofthefurniturecomponent

3.4

detailedimpression

regularityofasurfaceoffurnitureitemsfromashortdistance(from0,25mto1m)accordingtotheintendeduseofthefurniture

3.5

flaw

anykindofvisibledamageonfurnituresurfacesthatstandsoutfromitssurroundingsandimpairstheoverallimpression

NOTETheflawcatchestheattentionoftheviewer,therebyleadingtoitsperceptionasdisruptive.

EXAMPLEScratches,occlusions.

5

3.6

furniturecomponent

elementsubjectedtovisualinspection

3.7

assessedsurface

partofthefurniturecomponenttobeassessed

3.8

repeat

repeating,area-fillingsurfacedesignelementEXAMPLEWooddecor,surfaceembossing.

3.9

observer

technicianwhocarriesouttheassessmentfulfillingtherequirementspecifiedinENISO3668:2001

4Assessmentequipment

4.1Cleaningsolution

15ml/lofthecleanerinwaterwiththefollowingcleanercomposition:

a)12,5%(m/m)ofaprimaryorpolymericsodium(C10toC14)alkylarylsulphonate[CAS25155-30-0];

b)12,5%(m/m)ofapolyethoxylatedprimaryorsecondary(C8toC16)alcoholderivativewith

5to15ethoxylgroupswithacloudpointof25℃to75℃in1%(m/m)aqueoussolution(thedeterminationofthecloudpointisspecifiedinISO1065:1991)[CAS9005-67-];

c)5,0%(m/m)ofethanol(96%aqueoussolution);

d)70%(m/m)de-ionizedordistilledwater.

Insteadofthisdescribedcleaningsolution,acommercialcleaningsolutionrecommendedbythemanufacturercanbeused.Inthiscase,itshallbementionedinthetestreport.

4.2Lighting

Artificiallightsourcewithacolourtemperatureof(6500±200)K(CIEstandardilluminantsD65light).

4.3Holderforfurniturecomponents

Deviceforplacingtheobjecttobeinspectedatanangleof30°±3°andinamannerensuringthattheassessedsurfaceisexposedtoalightintensityof1,000lxto2,000lx(Figure1),measuredinthecentreoftheholderinhorizontalposition.

6

Dimensionsinmillimetres

Figure1-Visualassessmentprincipleforfurniturecomponents

4.4Assessmenttemplate

Toolwithdefinedareas[mm2],e.g.atransparentfilmwithprintedareas.

NOTEAsuitabletemplateisthe"Sizeestimationchart",productcode0109DIRTT,availablefromTAPPI,15TechnologyParkwaySouth,Suite115,PeachtreeCorners,Atlanta,GA300922910,USA,tel.fax1)

1)Theseareexamplesofsuitableproductsavailablecommercially.ThisinformationisgivenfortheconvenienceofusersofthisdocumentanddoesnotconstituteanendorsementbyCENofthisproduct.

7

4.5Lightbox

Thelightboxprovidesa"daylight"bybulbortubeorLED(seeFigure2).

Thelightshallbeevenenoughtoensuretheabsenceofunderilluminatedzones.

Thelightbehindthetestpatternshallbewithoutablackareawithinthelightsource.

Thelightboxcanbeanegatoscopeorotherequipmentwithadiffuseandhomogeneouslight.Thelightboxwiththetestpatternshallsendanimagewithaclearcontrastonthemirror.Thedistinctionofimageshallbewithoutdistorsionordullnessonaplanemirror.

NOTESuitabledevicesaree.g.NBX1negatoscopebyELLALEGROSorGlossinspectorbyMHanser.1

Figure2—Lightbox

4.6Testpattern

Thetestpattern(seeFigure3)hasemptysquares(10,0±0,2)mmside,separatedbymetalbarsof(2,0±0,1)mm.

Theoveralldimensionshallbeatleastof15columnsand20linesofsquares.

Thetestpatternshallstayplaneonthelightboxorprintedonthelightboxscreen.

8

Figure3—Testpattern

4.7Ratingcodescale

TheclassificationisbasedontheprincipleofthefigurespresentedinAnnexB,seeFigureB.1toB.8.

9

5Testingandassessment

5.1General

AssessmentproceduresAandBaredeterminedtobeperformedintheincomingandoutgoinginspectionatthefactory.

AssessmentprocedureCisdeterminedtobeperformedonsiteinaninstalledcondition.

Theassessmentshallbeperformedonfurnituresurfacesthathavebeencleanedwiththecleaningsolutionaccordingto4.1.

Thesurfacesshalldryoffafterthecleaning,withoutrubbingthesurface.

5.2ProcedureAforvisualassessmentoffurniturecomponentsattheincomingandoutgoinginspectioninthefactory

Thefurniturecomponentshallbecleanedwiththecleaningsolutionaccordingto4.1(1dayoldatmost)beforethevisualassessment.Theconcernedsurfaceshallbelightlywipedwithaclean,soft,absorbentcloth(nomicrofibre)beforetheinspection.

Thesurfacetobeassessedshallbeinsertedintheholder(4.3)andassessedbyanexperiencedinspectorinkeepingwiththeinspectionconditionsofTable1andunderthelightingdevice(4.2),asillustratedinFigure1.

Table1-Assessmentconditions

Assessmentparameters

Value

Position

Incline(30±2)°

(orientationasininstalledcondition)

Lightsourcecolourtemperature(daylight,diffuseorD65lamps)

(6500±200)K

Lightintensity

1000lx-2000lx

Viewingangle

30°-90°tothesurface

Viewingdistance

(0,7±0,1)m

Viewingperiod

max.20s

Thevisualassessmentispreferablyperformedincomparisonwithagreedreferencesamples(e.g.originalsample)and/ortolerancesamples,orcomparablesectionsofrepeats,e.g.withwoodendecors.

Thefollowingcriteriashallbeobservedintheprocess:

—deviationsinthecolourshade,glossinessandstructure;

-stains,occlusions(e.g.oil,soot,insects,fibres);

-flawsinthecoatingsuchas,forexample,dents,scratches,bubbles,welts,paintruns,contrastingareas;

-aswellasotherindentationsorupheavals.

Anassessmenttemplate(see4.4)canbereliedupontoassessthesizeofstains,impacts,indentationsandupheavals.

Departuresfromthereferencesamples,tolerancesamplesorrepeatsshallbelogged.Thesizeofdefectsassessedwiththetemplateshallbecalculatedfortheinspectedunitarea(inmm2/m2).

NOTEExamplesofstandardswithcalculationproceduresforvariousmaterialsarelistedintheBibliography.

10

5.3ProcedureBforvisualassessmentoffurniturecomponentswithhigh-glossfinishesatincomingandoutgoinginspectionsinthefactory

Thefollowingprocedurecanbeusedtovisuallyassessthedistinctnessofimagereflectiononhigh-glossfinishes(glossvalue≥70at60°geometryaccordingtoEN13722).

Figure4showsthepositionofeachelement.

Key

1observer

2negatoscope(lightbox)

3testpatternwhosegeometriccentreisattheobserver'seyelevel±500mm

4assessedsurfacepositionedvertically90°±5°whosegeometriccentreisapproximatelyat500mmundertheobserver'seyelevel

5reflectionofthepattern

6distance3to4=(1100±100)mm

7distance1to4=(2000±150)mm

Figure4-Descriptionofthelocationrequiredforeachelement

Theobservershalllookattheassessedsurfaceclosesttothelightbox.Thepositionoftheobservertotherightorleftsideofthelightboxisleftfreetochoose.Theobserverpositionisgivenforthebackoffeet.Theobservermaymovehisupperbodytotheleftorrightforbetterandeasierevaluation.Feetstayfixedatthesameposition.Themovementoftheobservershallnotchangetheviewingdistance.

Thesurfaceshallbeobservedforamaximumperiodof20s.

Thescaleoflevels(see4.Z)shallbeplacedneartheassessedsurface.EveryscaleshallbeprintedinfullA4size.

TheassessedsurfacesshallberatedinaccordancewithTable2.

Table2-Descriptivenumericalratingcode

Numericalrat-

ingcode

Description

5

Theimagepatternisperfectlyreproducedontheinspectedsurface,withoutdeformations

ordullpatches.Thereflectionisasclearasinamirror.Onlyasmallnumberofveryminordeviationsisacceptable.

11

Numericalrat-

ingcode

Description

4

Minordeviation.Theassessedsurfaceshowsasmalldeviationofthelines.Thetestpatterniseasilyrecognizable.

3

Moderatechange.Thelinesaremovedandthesquaresareclearlyirregular.

2

Strongchange.Theassessedsurfacereflectsanirregularpatternthatisdullinparts.

1

Significantchangewithstrongorangepeelorstrongdullness.Theassessedsurfacereflectsalargegreysquare.

Eachassessedsurfaceshallberatedbyanexperiencedobserver.Incasesofdispute,threeobserversshallberequired.Incaseofthreeobservers,thereportedratingforthetestsurfaceshallbetheaveragetothenearestnominalvalue.

5.4ProcedureCforon-sitevisualassessmentofinstalledfurniturecomponents

5.4.1Assessmentforflaws

Theiteminquestionisvisuallyassessedforflawsinanormalposition.

Aflawontheassessedsurfaceshallnotbeseparatelymarked.

Thevisualassessmentshallbeperformedindiffusedaylight(noincidenceofdirectsunlightorartificiallight).Ifthereisnotenoughdaylight,theexistingartificiallightingshallbeswitchedon.Additionallightingshallnotbeprovided.

Theassessmentshallincludetheoverallanddetailedimpression.

Flawsthatonlybecomevisibleingrazinglightshallnotbeincludedintherating.

TheevaluationforflawsshallbeperformedaccordingtoTable3.

Table3-Descriptivenumericalratingcodeforflaws

Numericalrat-

ingcode

Description

5

Novisibleflawsintheassessmentoftheoverallimpressionordetailedimpression

4

Oneorseverallow-contrastflawsvisibleinassessingthedetailedimpressionthatareinvisi-bleintheassessmentoftheoverallimpression,however

3

Oneorseveralclearlycontrastingflawsvisibleinassessingthedetailedimpressionthatareinvisibleintheassessmentoftheoverallimpression,however

2

Oneorseveralclearlycontrastingflawsvisibleinassessingthedetailedimpressionthatarealsovisibleintheassessmentoftheoverallimpression

1

Oneorseveralclearlycontrastingflawsvisibleinassessingthedetailedimpressionthatarealsoclearlyvisibleintheassessmentoftheoverallimpression

Thetypeandpositionoftheflawsshallbedocumentedusingthecustomaryterminologyforfurniturecomponents/surfacedefects.

SeeAnnexAforexamplesofflaws.

5.4.2Assessmentforcolour,glossandstructuraldiscrepanciesanddeviationsindecorativeprints

Theassessmentisperformedfromadistanceof(0,7±0,1)munderthelightconditionsdescribedin5.4.1.

Ifavailable,thesurfacesofnaturalmaterials(e.g.solidwood,veneeredsurfaces,dimensionstone)andglassshallbevisuallycomparedwithareferencesample.

12

Ifavailable,mastersamplesorproductdescriptionsfromthemanufacturersshallbeused.

Theassessedsurfaceshallbecomparedtoothersurfacesoftheitemoffurnitureatthesamelevel,e.g.frontwithfront,usingwoodsurfacesectionswithidenticalgrainor,forprints,decorsectionsofthesameappearance.

Colourdifferencesbetweencomponentsarrangedatarightangle,e.g.worktops,shallbeassessedbyarrangingthesamplesinparalleltotheinstalledparts.

Colour,structural,glossandprintdeviationsfromsamplesorbetweeninstalledfurniturecomponentsareassessedaccordingtoTable4.

Table4-Descriptivenumericalratingcodeforcolour,gloss,structuralandprintdeviations

Numericalrat-

ingcode

Description

5

Nocolour,gloss,printand/orstructuraldeviation

4

Minorcolour,gloss,printand/orstructuraldeviations

3

Moderatecolour,gloss,printand/orstructuraldeviations

2

Distinctcolour,gloss,printand/orstructuraldeviations

1

Highlydistinctcolour,gloss,printand/orstructuraldeviations

6Testreport

Thetestreportshallincludeatleastthefollowinginformation:

a)referencetothisdocument;

b)descriptionofthefurnitureorfurniturecomponent[essentialinformation,e.g.size,productiondateoftheassessedsurfaceinassessmentprocedureB,ifknown);

c)informationontheassessmentprocedureapplied(A,BorC);

d)deviationsfromreferenceandtolerancesamplesorrepeatsand/ordeviationsdocumentedinassessmentaccordingtoprocedureA;

e)distinctnessofimagereflectionratingfromthelightboxforhigh-glosssurfacesinassessmentaccordingtoprocedureB;

f)numericalclassificationaccordingtoTable3and/orTable4withassessmentstatedonprocedureC;typeandpositionofdiscoveredflaws;

g)alldeviationsfromthisstandard;

h)nameoftheobserverandthelaboratory;

i)assessmentdate.

13

AnnexA

(informative)

SelectionofflawS

TableA.1describesexamplesofflaws.

TableA.1-Examplesofflaws

Flaw

Description

Dispersalissues

Streakystructuresorcloudformation

Orangepeel

Bumpysurfacestructureresemblingtheskinofanorange

Dullness

Veryfinestructuredisturbingstronglythereflection

Craquelurecracks

Smallstar-ornet-shapedcracks

Craters

Smallpitsinthepaintsurfacethatlooklikecraters

Pinpricks

Fine,pore-likeholesreminiscentofpinpricks,diametermarkedlyunder1mm

Paintruns

Runsinthepaintcoats

Scratches

Linearexternalimpactthathaspenetratedfromtheoutsideandcanpartlygothroughtheentiresurfacecoating

Punctiformflaws

Punctiformexternalimpactthathaspenetratedfromtheoutsideandcanpartlygothroughtheentiresurfacecoating

Chipping

Irregularlyshapedpiecesofsurfacecoatingthathavebrokenoff

Chafemarks

Micro-scratchesofaplanarappearanceinthetopsurfacecoating

Stains

Partialcolourdiscrepanciesinthesurfacecoatingorinthesubstrate

Bubbles

Gaseousocclusionsinthesurfacecoating

Indentations

Impressioninthesurfacewithoutdamagetothesurfacecoating

Bumps

Isolatedprojectionsfromthesurfacewithoutdamagetothesurfacecoating

Patchyglossflaws

Areaswithpartialdeviationsintheglossiness

Cracks

Linear-lookingdisruptionsinthesurfacecoatingormaterialthatgothroughthesurfacecoating

Contrastingflaws

Small-scaledcolourdeviationsinthesurfacecoating(e.g.causedbytheentrapmentofforeignbodies)

14

AnnexB

(normat