九年級(jí)英語定語從句教學(xué)與練習(xí)：精準(zhǔn)理解與靈活運(yùn)用指南在九年級(jí)英語學(xué)習(xí)階段，定語從句是從句語法體系中的核心模塊，也是提升寫作表達(dá)豐富性與閱讀理解準(zhǔn)確性的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。它通過一個(gè)從句對(duì)名詞或代詞進(jìn)行修飾限定，使語言表達(dá)更簡(jiǎn)潔、信息傳遞更高效。本文將系統(tǒng)梳理定語從句的核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)，并輔以針對(duì)性練習(xí)，幫助同學(xué)們構(gòu)建清晰的語法框架，實(shí)現(xiàn)從理解到熟練運(yùn)用的跨越。一、定語從句的概念與構(gòu)成：精準(zhǔn)定位修飾關(guān)系定語從句，顧名思義，是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語的從句，其功能是修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞，即“先行詞”。理解定語從句的關(guān)鍵在于把握“先行詞”與“關(guān)系詞”之間的指代與連接關(guān)系。基本構(gòu)成模式：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句（陳述語序）*先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞。例如：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisinteresting.（先行詞為thebook）*關(guān)系詞：連接主句和定語從句的詞，同時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分（主語、賓語、定語等）。關(guān)系詞的選擇取決于先行詞的性質(zhì)以及它在從句中所扮演的角色。二、核心關(guān)系詞詳解：代詞與副詞的靈活選用定語從句的靈魂在于關(guān)系詞的正確使用。九年級(jí)階段需要重點(diǎn)掌握的關(guān)系詞可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞兩大類。（一）關(guān)系代詞：指代先行詞并充當(dāng)從句成分關(guān)系代詞包括that,which,who,whom,whose。它們?cè)趶木渲型ǔ３洚?dāng)主語、賓語或定語。1.that：指代人或物，在從句中可作主語或賓語。*指人時(shí)，可與who/whom互換（但在某些特定情況下只能用that，見后文“使用要點(diǎn)”）。*指物時(shí)，可與which互換（同樣，某些情況下只能用that）。*例：Thisisthegirlthat(who)helpedme.（指人，作主語）Thestorythat(which)hetolduswasveryfunny.（指物，作主語）Thepenthat(which)Iboughtyesterdayislost.（指物，作賓語，可省略）2.which：指代物，在從句中作主語或賓語。*例：Thebuildingwhichstandsneartheriverisourschool.（作主語）ThisisthenovelwhichIhavereadthreetimes.（作賓語，可省略）3.who/whom：指代人。*who在從句中作主語或賓語（口語中常用，作賓語時(shí)可省略）。*例：Themanwhoistalkingtomyfatherisateacher.（作主語）*例：Theboywhoyoumetyesterdayismybrother.（作賓語，可省略，或用whom）*whom在從句中作賓語（正式用語，常可省略，或用who代替）。*例：Theladywhomwevisitedlastweekisafamouswriter.（作賓語，可省略）4.whose：指代人或物，在從句中作定語，表示“……的”。*例：Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisverylong?（指人，作hair的定語）*例：Thisisthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.（指物，作windows的定語）（二）關(guān)系副詞：指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因，在從句中作狀語1.when：指代時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，其先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的名詞（如time,day,year,moment等）。*例：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.*（=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametothisschool.）2.where：指代地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，其先行詞通常是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞（如place,room,city,country等）。*例：Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.*（=Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatherworks.）3.why：指代原因，在從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞通常是reason。*例：Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouwerelatethismorning?*（=Canyoutellmethereasonforwhichyouwerelatethismorning?）關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇技巧：判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)鍵在于看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。如果從句中缺少主語、賓語或定語，則用關(guān)系代詞；如果從句中缺少狀語（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因），則用關(guān)系副詞。三、定語從句使用要點(diǎn)與常見誤區(qū)規(guī)避1.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)可省略：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(whom)在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，通?？梢允÷?。*例：Thebook(that/which)Iborrowedfromthelibraryisveryuseful.*例：Thegirl(who/whom)hespoketoismyclassmate.2.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句：*限制性定語從句：與先行詞關(guān)系密切，不可省略，省略后主句意思不完整或改變。從句和主句之間沒有逗號(hào)隔開。*例：ThisisthebookthatIneed.（如果省略從句，“Thisisthebook.”意思不明確）*非限制性定語從句：對(duì)先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，可省略，省略后主句意思仍然完整。從句和主句之間通常用逗號(hào)隔開。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，指物用which，指人用who/whom，不能用that，且關(guān)系詞不能省略。*例：Mybrother,whoisadoctor,worksinabighospital.（補(bǔ)充說明“mybrother”的職業(yè)）*例：Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.（補(bǔ)充說明“Beijing”）3.只能用that引導(dǎo)的幾種情況：*先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等時(shí)。*例：Allthatglittersisnotgold.*先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。*例：ThisisthefirstlessonthatIlearnedinthisschool.*例：ThisisthemostinterestingstorythatIhaveeverheard.*先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修飾時(shí)。*例：Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpus.*先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。*例：Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawinthepark.*當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，用that。*例：Whoisthegirlthatissingingoverthere?4.避免成分重復(fù)：定語從句中的關(guān)系詞已經(jīng)代替先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)了某一成分，因此從句中不能再出現(xiàn)指代先行詞的代詞或名詞。*錯(cuò)誤：ThisisthehousewhichIlivedinitlastyear.（it多余，which已作in的賓語）*正確：ThisisthehousewhichIlivedinlastyear.或ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedlastyear.或ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.四、針對(duì)性練習(xí)：從基礎(chǔ)到運(yùn)用練習(xí)一：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空（可省略的用括號(hào)標(biāo)出）1.Thisisthepark__________wevisitedlastSunday.2.Thegirl__________isstandingunderthetreeismysister.3.Istillremembertheday__________wefirstmet.4.Thisisthereason__________hewaslateforschool.5.Theman__________youtalkedtojustnowisourEnglishteacher.6.Thisisthebestfilm__________Ihaveeverseen.7.Thebook__________coverisredismine.8.Helivesinaroom__________windowfacessouth.9.Doyouknowtheboy__________fatherisapoliceman?10.Thecity__________Iwasbornisverybeautiful.練習(xí)二：將下列每組句子合并成一個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句1.Thegirlismycousin.Sheiswearingareddress._________________________________________________2.Thisistheschool.Istudiedinthisschoolfiveyearsago._________________________________________________3.Wemetanoldman.Hetoldusmanyinterestingstories._________________________________________________4.Iwillneverforgettheday.IjoinedtheLeagueonthatday._________________________________________________5.Thebookisveryinteresting.Youlentittomeyesterday._________________________________________________練習(xí)三：找出下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤并改正1.ThisisthepenwhichIboughtityesterday.2.Themanwhoistalkingtomymotherismyuncle,whichisalawyer.3.IhavereadallthebookswhichIborrowedfromthelibrary.4.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasbecausehewasill.5.ThisisthemostbeautifulplacewhichIhaveevervisited.練習(xí)四：用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空，完成短文Iliveinasmalltown(1)__________issurroundedbymountains.Thereisariver(2)__________runsthroughthecenterofthetown.Neartheriver,thereisanoldbridge(3)__________wasbuiltmanyyearsago.Manypeople(4)__________liveinthetownliketowalkonthebridgeintheevening.Thereisapark(5)__________wecanplaygamesandhavepicnics.Theparkhasasmalllake(6)__________wecangoboating.Ilovemytown,(7)__________hasmanybeautifulplacesandfriendlypeople.五、練習(xí)答案與解析練習(xí)一答案：1.which/that(可省略)（先行詞thepark指物，從句中visited缺賓語）2.who/that（先行詞thegirl指人，從句中缺主語）3.when（先行詞theday指時(shí)間，從句中缺時(shí)間狀語）4.why（先行詞thereason指原因，從句中缺原因狀語）5.whom/who/that(可省略)（先行詞theman指人，從句中talkedto缺賓語）6.that（先行詞被最高級(jí)thebest修飾）7.whose（先行詞thebook，從句中cover缺定語，表示“書的封面”）8.whose（先行詞aroom，從句中window缺定語，表示“房間的窗戶”）9.whose（先行詞theboy，從句中father缺定語，表示“男孩的父親”）10.where（先行詞thecity指地點(diǎn)，從句中缺地點(diǎn)狀語）練習(xí)二參考答案：1.Thegirlwho/thatiswearingareddressismycousin.或Thegirl(whom/who/that)yousawismycousin,andsheiswearingareddress.(此為非限制性，原句更適合限制性)2.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedfiveyearsago.或ThisistheschoolinwhichIstudiedfiveyearsago.或Thisistheschool(which/that)Istudiedinfiveyearsago.3.Theoldman(whom/who/that)wemettoldusmanyinterestingstories.或Wemetanoldmanwho/thattoldusmanyinterestingstories.4.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.或IwillneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheLeague.5.Thebook(which/that)youlenttomeyesterdayisveryinteresting.練習(xí)三參考答案及解析：1.去掉it。解析：關(guān)系代詞which已在從句中作bought的賓語，it多余。改正：ThisisthepenwhichIboughtyesterday.2.which改為who。解析：非限制性定語從句，先行詞是myuncle（指人），應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)。改正：Themanwhoistalkingtomymotherismyuncle,whoisalawyer.3.which改為that。解析：先行詞是allthebooks，all是不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞用that。改正：IhavereadallthebooksthatIborrowedfromthelibrary.4.because改為that。解析：Thereasonwhy...isthat...是固定句型，表語從句用that引導(dǎo)。改正：Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasthathewasill.5.which改為that。解析：先行詞被最高級(jí)themost