1、.,1,TheAttributiveClause,.,2,Whatistheattribute?(什么是定語）,.,3,aredappleabeautifulgirl,形容詞作定語,myfriend,hispen,代詞作定語,agirlinred,amanwithglasses,介詞短語作定語,appletree,shoeshop,名詞作定語,什么是定語？,定語就是用來修飾名詞或者代詞的成分,.,4,Whatistheattributiveclause?(什么是定語從句）,.,5,thehandsome修飾成分thenaughty,boy,TheboyisTom.（主句）,Theboywhoi

2、shandsomeisTom.,TheboywhoisnaughtyisTom.,.,6,修飾一個名詞或代詞的單詞或短語叫定語，如為一個句子則稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句,.,7,Peoplewhogotoaformalwesternerdinnerpartyforthefirsttimemaybesurprisedbytablemanners.Besidesthenapkin,youwillfindasmalltoastandthreeglasseswhichareforthewine.Thekn

3、ifeandforkthatareclosesttoyourplatearealittlebiggerthantheonesbesidethem.Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.Forthestarter,whichyoueatwiththesmallerpair,youkeeptheknifeinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourleft.,.,8,定語從句的一般結(jié)構(gòu)是：主句+先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句,Iknowtheboywhoissittingonthedesk.,主句,定語從句,先行詞,引導(dǎo)

4、詞,引導(dǎo)詞有關(guān)系代詞：whowhomwhosethatwhich,關(guān)系副詞：whenwherewhy,先行詞：被修飾的成分,即名詞或代詞。,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中有三個作用：1.引導(dǎo)一個定語從句；2.在從句中代替先行詞；3.在從句中擔(dān)任某一句子成份。,.,9,1.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.,2.TheboywhohasaroundfaceisTom.,3.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.,4.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.,5.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,6.

5、Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,7.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalktoisinthelab.,.,10,8.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.,9.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.,10.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.,11.SheisthegirlwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.,12.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,13.Hereistheboythatdamaged

6、thevase.,.,11,關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞:指人:指物:指人或物:關(guān)系副詞:,who(主格),whom(賓格),whose(所有格),which(主格,賓格),whose(所有格),that,when,where,why,注：當(dāng)先行詞是those,she,he,they等代詞時,關(guān)系代詞用who.作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省，介詞后面用which或whom)ThemantowhomInoddedisProfessorLi.,.,12,4whose在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞與whose后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與ofwhich互換使用,即the+

7、名詞ofwhichwhom或ofwhichwhomthe+名詞。,Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.,ofwhichthebook,.,13,Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?,HeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.,Theteacher,whosesonIworkwith,islikedbyallthestudents.,Thechair,thelegsofwhicharebroken,isbe

8、ingrepairednow.,.,14,3.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省),Thisrecorder（which）heisusingismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,.,15,DoyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Doyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,.,16,that指人/物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,Heistheman(that)It

9、oldyouabout.,.,17,that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。,Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.,Ivereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.,Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.,Thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim.,(1)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much等不定代詞時。,(2)先行詞被all,every,n

10、o,some,any,little,much等修飾時。,(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或最高級修飾時。,(4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾時。,.,18,that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用that而不用which。,(5)先行詞是who或who引導(dǎo)的主句。Whoisthegirlthatdrovethecar?Whothatbrokethewindowwillbepunished.(6)主句以Therebe引導(dǎo)時Thereare200peoplethatdidntknowthething.(7)當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句中作be

11、表語時，關(guān)系代詞用that.Sheisntthegirlthatshewas10yearsago.(8)當(dāng)先行詞是which時，關(guān)系代詞用that.Whichisthebookthatyouboughtlastweek?,.,19,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.which2.Isthereanythingelse_yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it,4.Heta

12、lkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom,A,B,B,B,.,20,that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,一般用which而不用that。,(9)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中緊跟介詞作賓語（介詞提前）Thosearemanytreesunderwhichtheycanhavearest.(10)在非限制性定語從句中Football,whichisaverypopulargame,isplayedallovertheworld.(11)先行

13、詞本身是that，或句子中已經(jīng)有了thatWhatIwanttodoisthatwhichwillhelpusall.,.,21,(1)Thescientistisveryfamousintheworld.Wemetheryesterday.,Thescientistwemetyesterdayisveryfamouswhointheworld.whomthat,(2)Thedressisnew.Sheiswearingit.,Thedressthatsheiswearingisnew.which,.,22,(3)Heisthekindperson.Ihaveeverworkedwithhim

14、.,(4)Thisisthebestfilm.Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.,HeisthekindpersonthatIhaveeverworkedwith.whowhom,ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.,.,23,1.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtoClassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.3.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeafootballplayer.4.Kevinisreadingabook_

15、istoodifficultforhim.5.Thefamily_Imstayingwithlivesintown.6.Iknowthestudent_articlewaspublished.7.Betty,_hasneverbeenabroad,isstudyingEnglishverywell.8.Myparentsliveinahouse_ismorethan100yearsold.9.Theboywith_Johnspokeismybrother.,whothat,whichthat,whose,whichthat,thatwhich,whose,Who,whichthat,whom,

16、.,24,定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞：,when,where,why,.,25,IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.,onwhich,ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,inwhich,.,26,Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.,Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.,.,27,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：,Mysister,whoistwenty,worksinabank.,Themanwhocamehereyesterda

17、yhascomeagain.,限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。,非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時往往逗號分開。,.,28,Heistheman_housethepicturesaretaken.A.whoseB.whichC.fromwhoseD.that2.Helivesintheflat,_hecansee_ishappen-inginthestreet.A.there/whatB.where/somethingC.f

18、romwhosewindow/allthat3.Thatwasthemostinterestingfilm_Ihaveseen.A.whoseB.thatC.whichD.what4.AheadofmeIsawawoman_Ithoughtwasmyaunt.A.whoB.whomC.fromwhomD.ofwhom5.Watchthegirlandherdog_arecrossingthestreet.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.they,.,29,6.Heistheveryoneofthestudents_goodatEnglish.A.whodoesB.thatisC.who

19、mdoD.whichare7.Thesecondbook_IwanttoreadisTraveisinChinabyRewiAlley.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.as8.Heisthesameteacher_spokeatthemeetingontheopeningceremony.A.asB.whomC.thatD.who9.Thedays_Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime_Ihadeverhadinmylife.D.that/thatA.when/whenB.when/thatC.that/which

20、,.,30,*As和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：,Which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句關(guān)系較密切，常放在主句之后；而as引導(dǎo)從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于“andthis”or“andthat”.譯為“這一點”。而as則只能代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。譯為“正如.那樣”，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.eg.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimporta