1、介詞,介詞一般位于名詞或代詞前,表示該詞與句中其他成分的關(guān)系. 介詞后接名詞或動詞的ing形式,表示時(shí)間的介詞主要有at, on和in at: a. 表示某一具體的時(shí)刻 He usually goes to school at 3:20 b. 表示一天中某段時(shí)間或特定的時(shí)候 at night, at noon, at this time of year, at that time c. 表示節(jié)日, 泛指 at Christmas,時(shí)間介詞,on a, 表示具體某一天, on May 1st b, 表示在周幾及特定的早、中、晚。 on Monday, on Sunday afternoon, o

2、n a cold night c, 表示在節(jié)日(那天), on New Years Day,in a, 表示一天中的早、中、晚, in the morning, in the evening. b, 表示較長的時(shí)間段,如月份,季節(jié), 年份,世紀(jì)等. in the 20th century, in 1989, in summer, in May.,其他表示時(shí)間的用法: in, after 在之后 “in +段時(shí)間”表示將來的一段時(shí)間以后； “after+段時(shí)間”表示過去的一段時(shí)間以后； “after+將來點(diǎn)時(shí)間”表示將來的某一時(shí)刻以后。 My mother will come back in t

3、hree or four days. He arrived after five months. She will appear after five oclock this afternoon.,from, since 自從 from僅說明什么時(shí)候開始，不說明某動作或情況持續(xù)多久； since表示某動作或情況持續(xù)至說話時(shí)刻，通常與完成時(shí)連用。 He studied the piano from the age of three. They have lived here since 1978.,注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every, all或者tom

4、orrow, yesterday, today 等詞之前一律不用介詞： We meet every day. Where did you go last weekend? Where are you going next week?,地點(diǎn)介詞,表示地點(diǎn)位置的介詞, 主要有at, on, in, to at (1)表示在小地方(一個(gè)點(diǎn)); (2)表示“在附近，旁邊” at home, at the bus stop, at school He is sitting at the desk. He arrived at the airport at 9:00 am. in (1)表示 在大地方;

5、(2)表示“在范圍之內(nèi)”。 In Paris, in the water, in school He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. Jiangsu lies in the east of China.,on (1)表示在一個(gè)表面, (2)毗鄰，接壤 There are many books on the desk. Russia lies on the north of China. to 表示在范圍外，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否接壤 Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.,B,表方位的介詞in, on, to, off的區(qū)別 G

6、uangdong lies _ the south of China and Fujian is_ the east of it. Hainan is _ the coast of the mainland. A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away in 表示在境內(nèi). on 表示相鄰或在邊界上, 不在境內(nèi). to 表示在境外, 不接壤. off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方.,2)above, over, on 在上 above 指在上方,不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直，與 below相對； over指垂直的上方,與under相對,但

7、over與物體有一定的空間，不直接接觸。 on表示某物體上面并與之接觸。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk.,3)below, under 在下面 under表示在正下方, 強(qiáng)調(diào)垂直 below表示在下，不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line.,3.表運(yùn)動方向的介詞：across, through 通過，穿過 across

8、表示橫過,即從物體表面通過，與on有關(guān)； through穿過,即從物體內(nèi)部穿過，與in有關(guān)。 She swam across the river. He walked through the forest., across 表示穿過物體表面,或橫過. through 表示在某一空間通過,或縱向穿過. along 表示沿著一條線平行. up 表示向上,由南到北,由東到西,由沿海到內(nèi)陸,由小地方到大地方,由農(nóng)村到城市. 反之則用down. to 表示動作的目的地; towards指朝向,無到達(dá)的意思; for表示前往的目的,連用的動詞有l(wèi)eave, start off, set out, head

9、, sail 等.,4.表示“在之間”的介詞：between, among between指在兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物之間； among指在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或事物之間。 There is a football match between Class 1 by sea, by water ,by land with 表示用 工具、手段，一般指具體的工具手段 write with a pen in 表示用方式，用語言(語調(diào)、筆墨、顏色)等；in a good manner, in red He makes a living by selling newspapers. He broke the wind

10、ow with a stone. The foreigner spoke to us in English.,3)besides, except, except for, but 表示“除之外” besides 表示包含, 除 - 之外還有- except 表示排除, 除 - 之外 but 表示排除, 多與nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who 等連用. except for 表示除去整體中的部分, “只是, 只不過”,C,例：Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days. (2007.全國 II.16 ) A.for B. except C. besides D. with,4) as 作為, 擔(dān)任, 像 He works as a waiter in that restaurant. a. as adj/adv as 和一樣 She is as tall as h