1、過去分詞過去分詞是非謂語動詞一種重要形式，它在句中可作定語、表語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。一、過去分詞作定語1、單個的過去分詞作定語，一般兼有被動和完成的意義，常作前置定語。少數(shù)不及物動詞作前置定語時僅指完成意義，而不指被動。 e.g. broken cup 打破的杯子 polluted water受污染的水 fallen leaves落葉 risen sun升起來的太陽2、過去分詞作后置定語時，相當(dāng)于省略了that/which be的定語從句。e.g. The books, (which were) written by Lu Xun, were very popular. Well go to

2、visit the bridge (which was ) built hundreds of years ago. 注意：過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示一個主動的、正在進(jìn)行的動作；過去分詞作定語表示一個被動的、已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)。boiling water正在燒的水 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子boiled water 已燒開的水 fallen leaves 已落在地上的葉子 現(xiàn)在分詞通常修飾物，過去分詞修飾人。 The news is exciting. We are excited to hear the news.考題演練：1. The Olympic

3、 Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing2. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 3. Dont use words, expressions or p

4、hrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known4. I dont know the girl _ in the snow storm. A. to catch B. caught C. catching D. to be catching 答案： AADB二、過去分詞作表語 1、及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態(tài)，動作的被動和完成。 The glass is broken. 玻璃破了。 The ground is cov

5、ered with snow. 地上覆蓋著雪。 2、不及物動詞的過去分詞作表語，表示主語的狀態(tài)，不表被動，只表示動作的完成。 They are gone for vacation. 他們?nèi)ザ燃倭恕?The stick is burnt. 木棍燃燒過了。注意： 要區(qū)別過去分詞作表語和被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)的動作意義很強(qiáng)，后常跟“ by+ 施動者”。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Jack yesterday. 表示感覺的一些過去分詞 (surprised, disappointed, excited, pleased等) 及其他一些過去 分

6、詞（ dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known, married, bent, recovered, separated等）常可用作表語，表示狀態(tài)。其中有些只表狀態(tài)，毫無被動意義。 I found that I was lost. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我迷路了。 Those days are passed and gone 那些日子一去不復(fù)返了。 He is dead drunk. 他喝得爛醉。三、過去分詞作狀語1、表示時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，可在過去分詞前加上when, while, until等強(qiáng)調(diào)時間概念。Seen from the hill (=When it

7、is seen from the hill), the park looks very beautiful.Having been shown around the library (= After we were shown around), we came to the classroom building. Dont speak until spoken to (= until you are spoken to). 2、表示原因，相當(dāng)于as, since, because引導(dǎo)的從句，這類狀語多放在句子前半部分。如: Frightened by the noise in the nigh

8、t (= Because she was frightened by the noise), the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room. 小女孩被夜里的響聲嚇壞了，不敢在自己的房間睡覺了。Surprised at what happened (As he was surprised at what happened), Tom didnt know what to do.3、表示條件，相當(dāng)于if, unless引導(dǎo)的從句。Given more time (= If we were given more time), we could do it much

9、 better. Compared with you (= If we are compared with you), we still have a long way to go. 4、表示讓步，相當(dāng)于though, even if引導(dǎo)的從句。Much tired (= Though he was much tired), he still kept on working.Even if invited (= Even if Im invited), I wont take part in the party.5、表示方式或伴隨。The hunter left his house, foll

10、owed by his dog (= and he was followed by his dog). She sat by the window, lost in thought (= and she was lost in thought). 注意：分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯上的主語要與句子的主語保持一致。考題演練：1. If you go to Xian, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly _ . A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose 2

11、._in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose3.European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 4.If_the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.A. giving B. give C.

12、given D. being given 5.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 6._some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed by答案：BCACDB四、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示動作已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，并有被動意義。過

13、去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時，句子的謂語動詞通常是感觀動詞和使役動詞。1、表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。He watched the TV set carried out of the room. They found their bikes stolen.2、表示“使役”意義的動詞。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。I had my leg broken in the football game. She raised her voic

14、e to make herself understood.They kept the door locked for a long time. 記憶口訣：五看三使兩聽一感覺3、當(dāng)過去分詞用在“with +賓語賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語與作賓補(bǔ)的動詞之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With everything well arranged, he left the office.考題演練：1. _ poor at English, Im afraid I cant make myself _

15、. A. To be;understand B. Im ;to understandC. Being; understanding D. Being; understood2. I have had my bike _, and Im going to have somebody _my radio tomorrow.A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired C. repaired; repair D. to repair; repairing3. I dont want the children _out in such weathe

16、r.A. take B. to take C. taken D. taking 4. _ , they went home,_. A. Their work had been finished; singing and laughingB. They had finished their work; sang and laughed C. Their work finished; singing and laughingD. after their work finished; singing and laughing5. Before he came to London, he had ne

17、ver heard a single English word _A. speaking B. speak C. spoken D. to speak6. _ from space, the earth with water _70 of its surface looks like a blue blanket. A. Seen; covered B. Being seen; covers C. Seeing; covering D. Seen; covering7. When he came to, he found himself _ on a chair, with his hands _ back. A. to sit; tied B. sitting; tying C. sat; tied D. sitting; tied8. We do not feel _ to enter mo