1、2010年6月閱讀Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2with a sing

2、le line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 51 to 56 are based on the following passage. Only two countries in the advanced world provide no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child. Last spring one of the two, Australia, gave up the dubious distinction by establishing paid

3、 family leave starting in 2011. I wasnt surprised when this didnt make the news here in the United Stateswere now the only wealthy country without such a policy. The United States does have one explicit family policy, the Family and Medical Leave Act, passed in 1993. It entitles workers to as much a

4、s 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem. Despite the modesty of the benefit, the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly, describing it as government-run personnel management and a dangerous precedent. In fact, every step of the

5、 way, as (usually) Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work-family balance measures into the law, business groups have been strongly opposed. As Yale law professor Anne Alstott argues, justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that, in some sense, society mus

6、t pay for. In her book No Exit: What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents, she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives: there is no exit when it comes to children. Society expectsand needsparents to provide their children with continuity of care, meaning the

7、intensive, intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual, emotional and moral capabilities. And society expectsand needsparents to persist in their roles for 18 years, or longer if needed. While most parents do this out of love, there are public penalties for not providing care.

8、 What parents do, in other words, is of deep concern to the state, for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society. The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children welfare, yet parents receive little h

9、elp in meeting the life-changing obligations society imposes. To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is no collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting; really, it is to steal those benefits because they accrue (不斷積累) to the whole of soc

10、iety as todays children become tomorrows productive citizenry (公民). In fact, by some estimates, the value of parental investments in children, investments of time and money (including lost wages), is equal to 20-30% of gross domestic product. If these investments generate huge social benefitsas they

11、 clearly dothe benefits of providing more social support for the family should be that much clearer.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。52. What do we learn about paid family leave from the first paragraph? A) America is now the only developed country without the policy. B) It has now become a hot topic in the United

12、 States. C) It came as a surprise when Australia adopted the policy. D) Its meaning was clarified when it was established in Australia.53. What has prevented the passing of work-family balance laws in the United States? A) The incompetence of the Democrats. B) The existing Family and Medical Leave A

13、ct. C) The lack of a precedent in American history. D) The opposition from business circles.54. What is Professor Anne Alstotts argument for parental support? A) The cost of raising children in the U. S. has been growing. B) Good parenting benefits society. C) The U. S. should keep up with other dev

14、eloped countries. D) Children need continuous care.55. What does the author think of Americas large body of family laws governing childrens welfare? A) They fail to ensure childrens healthy growth B) The fail to provide enough support for parents C) They emphasize parents legal responsibilities. D)

15、They impose the care of children on parents.56. Why does the author object to classifying parenting as a personal choice? A) It is regarded as a legal obligation. B) It relies largely on social support. C) It generates huge social benefits. D) It is basically a social undertaking. Passage TwoQuestio

16、ns 57 to 62 are based on the following passage. A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that todays youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds

17、 that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But theres no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change

18、; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away? The w

19、riters of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America,

20、 with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the proje

21、ct as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her

22、 global perspective, into her posts. Shes excited because, as she puts it, I dont have to wait until 15 years from now to make sense of the world. Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Marys University, credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology.

23、The Internet exposes them to more thinking, he says, and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together. Thats exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的美國人) parents,

24、grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) theyve inherited from Generation X (60 年代后期和70 年代出生的美國人). Its no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinaryif ambitiousyoung people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。57. What is

25、the finding of a new study by CIRCLE? A) More young voters are going to the polls than before. B) The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes. C) Young voters played a decisive role in Obamas election. D) Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.58. What is a main co

26、ncern of the writers of Generation O? A) How Obama is going to live up to young peoples expectations. B) Whether America is going to change during Obamas presidency. C) Whether young people will continue to support Obamas policy. D) How Obamas agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.59. What

27、 will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts? A) Their own interpretation of American politics. B) Policy changes to take place in Obamas administration. C) Obamas presidency viewed from a global perspective. D) Their lives in relation to Obamas presidency.60. What accounts for the you

28、nger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores? A) Their embrace of radical ideas. B) Their desire to change America. C) Their utilization of the Internet. D) Their strong sense of responsibility.61. What can we infer from the passage about Generation X? A) They are politica

29、lly conservative. B) They reject conventional values. C) They dare to take up challenges. D) They are indifferent to politics.2010年6月閱讀答案Section B Passage 1 52 A) America is now the only developed country without the policy. 53 D) The opposition from business circles. 54 B) Good parenting benefits s

30、ociety. 55 B) They fail to provide enough support for parents. 56 D) It is basically a social undertaking. Passage 2 57 A) More young voters are going to the polls than before. 58 C) Whether young people will continue to support Obamas policy. 59 D) Their lives in relation to Obamas presidency. 60 C

31、) Their utilization of the Internet. 61 D) They are indifferent to politics. 2010年12月閱讀Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D You should decide on the

32、 best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.In the early 20th century, few things were more appealing than the promise of scientific knowledge. In a world struggling with rapid

33、 industrialization, science and technology seemed to offer solutions to almost every problem. Newly created state colleges and universities devoted themselves almost entirely to scientific, technological, and engineering fields. Many Americans came to believe that scientific certainty could not only

34、 solve scientific problems, but also reform politics, government, and business. Two world wars and a Great Depression rocked the confidence of many people that scientific expertise alone could create a prosperous and ordered world. After World War , the academic world turned with new enthusiasm to h

35、umanistic studies, which seemed to many scholars the best way to ensure the survival of democracy. American scholars fanned out across much of the worldwith support from the Ford Foundation, the Fulbright program, etc.to promote the teaching of literature and the arts in an effort to make the case f

36、or democratic freedoms.In the America of our own time, the great educational challenge has become an effort to strengthen the teaching of what is now known as the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math). There is considerable and justified concern that the United States is fall

37、ing behind much of the rest of the developed world in these essential disciplines. India, China, Japan, and other regions seem to be seizing technological leadership.At the same time, perhaps inevitably, the humanitieswhile still popular in elite colleges and universitieshave experienced a significa

38、nt decline. Humanistic disciplines are seriously underfunded, not just by the government and the foundations but by academic institutions themselves. Humanists are usually among the lowest-paid faculty members at most institutions and are often lightly regarded because they do not generate grant inc

39、ome and because they provide no obvious credentials (資質(zhì)) for most nonacademic careers.Undoubtedly American education should train more scientists and engineers. Much of the concern among politicians about the state of American universities today is focused on the absence of “real world” educationwhi

40、ch means preparation for professional and scientific careers. But the idea that institutions or their students must decide between humanities and science is false. Our society could not survive without scientific and technological knowledge. But we would be equally impoverished (貧困的) without humanis

41、tic knowledge as well. Science and technology teach us what we can do. Humanistic thinking helps us understand what we should do.It is almost impossible to imagine our society without thinking of the extraordinary achievements of scientists and engineers in building our complicated world. But try to

42、 imagine our world as well without the remarkable works that have defined our culture and values. We have always needed, and we still need, both.注意：此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。52. In the early 20th century Americans believed science and technology could _.A solve virtually all existing problems C help raise peop

43、les living standardsB quicken the pace of industrializationD promote the nations social progress53. Why did many American scholars become enthusiastic about humanistic studies after World War?A They wanted to improve their own status within the current education system.B They believed the stability

44、of a society depended heavily on humanistic studies.C They could get financial support from various foundations for humanistic studies.D They realized science and technology alone were no guarantee for a better world.54. Why are American scholars worried about education today?A The STEM subjects are

45、 too challenging for students to learn.B Some Asian countries have overtaken America in basic sciences.C America is lagging behind in the STEM disciplines.D There are not enough scholars in humanistic studies.55. What accounts for the significant decline in humanistic studies today?A Insufficient fu

46、nding. C Shortage of devoted faculty.B Shrinking enrollment. D Dim prospects for graduates.56. Why does the author attach so much importance to humanistic studies?A They promote the development of science and technology.B They help prepare students for their professional careers.C Humanistic thinkin

47、g helps define our culture and values.D Humanistic thinking helps cultivate students creativity.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Will there ever be another Einstein? This is the undercurrent of conversation at Einstein memorial meetings throughout the year. A new Eins

48、tein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a long time. After all, more than 200 years separated Einstein from his nearest rival, Isaac Newton.Many physicists say the next Einstein hasnt been born yet, or is a baby now. Thats because the quest for a unified theory that would account for all t

49、he forces of nature has pushed current mathematics to its limits. New math must be created before the problem can be solved.But researchers say there are many other factors working against another Einstein emerging anytime soon.For one thing, physics is a much different field today. In Einsteins day

50、, there were only a few thousand physicists worldwide, and the theoreticians who could intellectually rival Einstein probably would fit into a streetcar with seats to spare.Education is different, too. One crucial aspect of Einsteins training that is overlooked is the years of philosophy he read as

51、a teenagerKant, Schopenhauer and Spinoza, among others. It taught him how to think independently and abstractly about space and time, and it wasnt long before he became a philosopher himself.“The independence created by philosophical insight isin my opinionthe mark of distinction between a mere arti

52、san (工匠) or specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrote in 1944.And he was an accomplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well known. Einstein would furiously play his violin as a way to think through a knotty physics problem.Today, universities have produced million

53、s of physicists. There arent many jobs in science for them, so they go to Wall Street and Silicon Valley to apply their analytical skills to more practicaland rewardingefforts.“Maybe there is an Einstein out there today,” said Columbia University physicist Brian Greene, “but it would be a lot harder

54、 for him to be heard.”Especially considering what Einstein was proposing.“The actual fabric of space and time curving? My God, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type of person who will bang his head against the wall because you believe youll

55、 find the solution.”Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrote in his “miracle year” of 1905. These “thought experiments” were pages of calculations signed and submitted to the prestigious journal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknown. There were no footnotes or citati

56、ons.What might happen to such a submission today?“We all get papers like those in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”注意： 此部分試題請在答題卡2上作答。57. What do scientists seem to agree upon, judging from the first two paragraphs?A Einstein pushed mathematics almost to its limits.B It will ta

57、ke another Einstein to build a unified theory.C No physicist is likely to surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.D It will be some time before a new Einstein emerges.58. What was critical to Einsteins success?A His talent as an accomplished musician.B His independent and abstract thinking.C His untiring effort to ful