1、Passage OneThe growing importance of airpower in World War II, combined with its sensitivity to weather, led to an ever greater military reliance on accurate forecasts. Knowing the weather was of vital concern to combat commanders of that war. As much an art as it is science, predicting the weather

2、is dependent on the accurate tracking of weather phenomena, particularly storm fronts, from the areas where they originate. Though meteorologists(氣象學(xué)家) of the 1940s had none of the weather tracking satellites which make that job so much simpler today, they were still able to generate usably accurate

3、 forecasts as much as 72 hours in advance-as long as they could get the data they needed.The need for that data gave birth to one of the most interesting and unique campaigns of the Second World War, the so-called “Weather War.” Although it was not a war of major commands and of troops, ships, or ai

4、rcraft, it had an important impact on the fighting in the Atlantic and European Theatres. It was the weather data secured by this campaign which enabled the planning and execution of such critical operations as the Allied landings at Normandy and the entire strategic bombing campaign against Hitlers

5、 empire.The Weather War began with the German invasion of Denmark and Norway in April 1940. prior to that, those nations allowed their arctic weather stations to report the weather in the clear so all countries could use the information. Germanys occupation of much of Scandinavia gave Berlin a monop

6、oly(壟斷) over arctic weather data-a development the Allies could not allow.The British, in fact, began planning to seize the weather stations even as the campaign for Norway progressed. Of course, the Germans had plans for those same stations too, but Allied dominance over the sea, coupled with the u

7、nexpectedly high German naval losses in the Norwegian invasion, allowed Britain to score the first successes. But the weather itself proved the most serious obstacle to the start of the Weather Wars operations, delaying the first moves until August. In fact, throughout the Weather War, both sides fo

8、und the elements a more formidable(可怕的) foe than the enemy.日益增長的重要性空軍在二戰(zhàn)期間,結(jié)合其靈敏度,天氣,導(dǎo)致一個(gè)更大的軍事依賴準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。知道天氣很重要作戰(zhàn)指揮官的戰(zhàn)爭。更像是一門藝術(shù),因?yàn)樗强茖W(xué),預(yù)測天氣是依賴于準(zhǔn)確的跟蹤天氣現(xiàn)象,尤其是風(fēng)暴方面,從它產(chǎn)生的地區(qū)。盡管氣象學(xué)家(氣象學(xué)家)的1940年代,沒有天氣跟蹤衛(wèi)星,讓那份工作所以更簡單的今天,他們?nèi)匀荒軌虍a(chǎn)生有效地準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測高達(dá)72小時(shí)只要他們能提前為他們需要獲取數(shù)據(jù)。需要這些數(shù)據(jù)生下了一個(gè)最有趣的和獨(dú)特的運(yùn)動(dòng)的第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中,所謂的“天氣戰(zhàn)?！半m然這不是一個(gè)戰(zhàn)爭的主要

9、命令和軍隊(duì)、船舶或飛機(jī),它有重要影響戰(zhàn)斗在大西洋和歐洲劇院。這是天氣數(shù)據(jù)獲得的這個(gè)活動(dòng),使計(jì)劃和實(shí)施等關(guān)鍵操作作為盟軍在諾曼底和整個(gè)戰(zhàn)略轟炸希特勒的帝國。戰(zhàn)爭開始的天氣與德國入侵丹麥和挪威在1940年4月。在此之前,這些國家允許其北極氣象站報(bào)道天氣晴朗的所以所有國家可以利用這些信息。德國的占領(lǐng)大部分斯堪的納維亞給柏林壟斷(壟斷)在北極的天氣數(shù)據(jù)通常發(fā)展盟軍無法允許。英國,事實(shí)上,開始計(jì)劃抓住氣象站即使競選挪威進(jìn)步。當(dāng)然,德國人曾計(jì)劃對這些站太,但盟軍統(tǒng)治大海,再加上德國海軍損失意外的高在挪威入侵,允許英國分?jǐn)?shù)第一的成功。但天氣本身證明了最嚴(yán)重的障礙開始天氣戰(zhàn)爭的操作,延遲到8月第一步。事實(shí)上,

10、在整個(gè)天氣戰(zhàn)爭,雙方找到了一個(gè)更強(qiáng)大的元素(可怕的)敵人比敵人。1. We learn from the passage that the commanders on both sides of the war attached great importance to _.A) airpowerB) weather forecastsC) dominance over the seaD) operations in Normandy 2. We can infer from the passage that meteorologists today _.A) rely on satellite

11、s to track storm frontsB) can generate accurate forecasts 72 hours in advanceC) have a much simpler job than in the past regard weather forecast as science rather than an art3. Which of the following statements is true of the Weather War?It involved large numbers of ships and aircraft.It contributed

12、 greatly to Allied victory.It started ling before the German invasion of Scandinavia.It was fought by a small group of meteorologists. 4. Before April 1940, arctic weather data _.were monopolized by Germanywere shared by Denmark and Norwaywere not regarded as important by both sides in the war could

13、 be accessed by all countries 5. In the Weather War, the British found _.the Germans were hard to conquerthey were ill preparedweather itself presented the greatest obstacledelaying the operations allowed their foe to score the first successPassage TwoThe interview is an important event in the job-h

14、unting process, because the 20 or 30 minutes you spend with the interviewer may determine whether or not you get the particular job you want. Therefore, it is important to remember that your objective during the interview may differ from the objective of the potential employer. You want to make your

15、self stand out as a whole person who has personal strengths, is well qualified, and should be considered the right person for the job. It is encouraging to know that the interviewers task is not to embarrass you or to trip you up, but to hire the right person for the job.Remember, job hunting is ver

16、y competitive. Anything you can do to enhance your interview techniques will be to your advantage. The following suggestions may help you land the most important job.Your goal in this interview is to make sure your good points get across. The interviewer wont know them unless you point them out, so

17、try to do this in a factual and sincere manner.Do nor make slighting references to former employers or professors. If you have been fired from a job and the interviewer asks about it, be frank in your answer.Show the interviewer that you are interested in the company by asking relevant questions. As

18、k about responsibilities, working conditions, promotion opportunities and fringe benefits (附加福利) of the job you are interviewing for.If at some point you decide the interview is not going well, do not let your discouragement show. You have nothing to lose by continuing a show of confidence, and you

19、may have much to gain. It may be real, or it may be a test to see how you react to adverse conditions.Some interviewers may bring up salary early in the interview. At this time, you may indicate that you are more interested in a job where you can prove yourself than a specific salary. This politely

20、passes the question back to the interviewer. If the interviewer continues to press, give him a range or suggest the going rate for a particular job. If possible, you should negotiate for salary after you have been offered a job and when you are ready to complete the paperwork.面試是一個(gè)重要的事件在求職過程中,因?yàn)?0或3

21、0分鐘花在面試官可能決定你是否得到了你想要的特別的工作。因此,重要的是要記住,你的目標(biāo)在面試中可能不同于潛在雇主的目的。你想讓自己脫穎而出作為一個(gè)整體的人的個(gè)人能力,是有資格的,應(yīng)認(rèn)為是這個(gè)職位的最佳人選。這是鼓勵(lì)知道面試官的任務(wù)不是讓你或你犯錯(cuò),但雇傭最適合這份工作的人。記住,找工作是很有競爭力的。任何你可以做來提高你的面試技巧將是你的優(yōu)勢。以下的建議可以幫助你土地最重要的工作。你的目標(biāo)在這面試是確保你的好點(diǎn)越過。面試官不會(huì)知道他們除非你點(diǎn)出來,所以盡量這樣做在一個(gè)真實(shí)和誠懇的態(tài)度。做也不能讓輕視的引用前雇主或教授。如果你被開除工作和面試官問起這事,坦白你的回答. .,讓面試你的公司很感興趣

22、,詢問相關(guān)問題。問關(guān)于責(zé)任、工作條件、晉升機(jī)會(huì)和福利(附加福利)的工作你是面試。如果在某些時(shí)候你決定面試并不順利,不要讓你氣餒顯示。你損失什么繼續(xù)表現(xiàn)自信,你可能會(huì)有很大收獲。它可能是真實(shí)的,或者它可能是一個(gè)測試,看你如何應(yīng)對不利條件。一些面試官可以把工資在面試開始。在這個(gè)時(shí)候,你可能表明你更感興趣的工作,你可以證明自己不是一個(gè)具體的工資。這個(gè)禮貌地將問題丟回給面試官。如果面試官繼續(xù)出版社,給他一個(gè)范圍或建議現(xiàn)行匯率為一份特定的工作。如果可能的話,你應(yīng)該談判工資后,你有了一份工作,當(dāng)你準(zhǔn)備完成文書工作。To get the job you want, during the interview

23、you should _.avoid the interviewers questions that are designed to trip you upremember that you are the best qualified candidatemake yourself stand out as the right person for the jobkeep in mind that it determines whether or not you get the particular job you wantIf you did not get along with your

24、former employer, you _.should tell the interviewer frankly should not speak ill of himshould refer to him in a factual mannershould never mention itWhen you find the interview is not going well you should_.keep up your confidencebring it to an end as soon as possibletell you interviewer how you reac

25、t to adverse conditionstell yourself you have much to gain and nothing to loseThe best time to discuss your salary is _.when you have been offered the jobat the end of the interviewafter you have completed the paperworkwhen the interviewer brings this matter upThe most important thing to do during a

26、n interview is _.to make your strengths understoodto show your intense interest in the job you are applying forC) to be frank and sincereD) to be natural and confidentPassage threeIn the Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society, Revised and Enlarged Edition (W.W. Norton) Schlesi

27、nger provides deep insights into the crises of nationhood in America. A new chapter assessed the impact both of radical multiculturalism and radical monoculturalism on the Bill of Rights. Written with his usual clarity and force, the book brings a noted historians wisdom and perspective to bear on A

28、mericas “culture wars.”Schlesinger addresses the questions: What holds a nation together? And what does it mean to be an American? Describing the emerging cult of ethnicity, Schlsinger praises its healthy effect on the campaign of multicultural advocates to divide the nation into separate ethnic and

29、 racial communities. From the start, he observes, the United States has been a multicultural nation, rich in its diversity but held together a shared commitment to the democratic process and by the freedom of intermarriage. It was this national talent for assimilation that impressed foreign visitors

30、 like Alexis de Tocqueville and James Bryce, and it is this historic goal that Schelsinger champions as the best hope for the future. Schlesinger analyses what he sees as grim consequences of identity politics: the widening of differences. Attacks on the First Amendment, he argues, threaten intellec

31、tual freedom and, ultimately, the future of the ethnic groups. His criticisms are not limited to the left. As a former target of McCarthyism, he understands that the radical right is even more willing than the radical left to restrict and weaken the Bill of Rights.The author does not minimize the in

32、justices concealed by the “melting pot” dream. The Disuniting Of America is both academic and personal, forceful in argument, balanced in judgment. It is a book that will no doubt anger some readers, but it will surely make all of them think again. The winner of Pulitzer prizes for history and for b

33、iography, an authoritative voice of American liberalism, Schlesinger is uniquely positioned to bring bold answers and healing wisdom to this passionate debate over who we are and what we should become.在美國Disuniting:反思一個(gè)多元文化社會(huì),修訂增補(bǔ)版(W.W.諾頓)施萊辛格提供深入的國家在美國的危機(jī)。一個(gè)新的章評估影響的多元文化主義和激進(jìn)都激進(jìn)單一文化主義在權(quán)利法案。與他平時(shí)寫的清晰和

34、力量,這本書帶來了一位著名的歷史學(xué)家的智慧和視角來承擔(dān)美國的“文化戰(zhàn)爭”。施萊辛格地址的問題:什么持有一個(gè)國家在一起嗎?那這意味著什么是一個(gè)美國人嗎?描述新興崇拜種族,Schlsinger稱贊它的健康效應(yīng)的競選主張民族多元文化劃分成獨(dú)立的民族和種族的社區(qū)。從一開始,他說,美國是一個(gè)多元文化的國家,豐富的多樣性,但在一起共同致力于民主的過程,通過通婚的自由。這是這個(gè)國家才能同化,外國游客印象像托克維爾和詹姆斯布萊斯,正是這種歷史目標(biāo),Schelsinger冠軍最好的對未來的希望。施萊辛格分析他認(rèn)為身份政治的嚴(yán)重后果:日益擴(kuò)大的分歧。攻擊第一條修正案,他認(rèn)為,威脅到知識自由,最終未來的民族。他的批

35、評是不限于左邊。作為一名前目標(biāo)的麥卡錫主義,他明白,激進(jìn)的右翼分子甚至更愿意激進(jìn)左派限制和削弱權(quán)利法案。作者并不減少不公掩蓋了“大熔爐”的夢想。美國的Disuniting既是學(xué)術(shù)和個(gè)人,有力的論點(diǎn),平衡的判斷。它是一本書,無疑將憤怒一些讀者,但這肯定會(huì)讓他們重新考慮。普利策獎(jiǎng)得主的歷史和傳記,美國自由主義的權(quán)威聲音,施萊辛格唯一能夠帶來大膽的回答和愈合的智慧這充滿激情的辯論我們是誰,我們應(yīng)該成為什么。57. According to Schlesinger, the United States is .A) a melting potB) a nation with diverse cultu

36、res held together by the democratic processC) a federation of ethnic and racial communitiesD) a nation with one culture despite its various ethnic and racial groups58. We can infer from the passage that Schlesinger .A) advocates the assimilation of different cultures into one nationhoodB) holds that

37、 each racial group should keep its distinct identityC) gives full support to the emerging cult of ethnicityD) prefers multiculturalism to monoculturalism59. We can infer form this passage that America .A) is experiencing a crisis of nationhoodB) has ended its history of racial prejudiceC) is trying

38、to restrict the Bill of RightsD) has tried to obstruct intellectual freedom60. According to the author, Schlesingers book will .A) put an end to the culture wars in America.B) cause anger among the radical rightC) cause anger among the radical leftD) provoke thinking among all readers61. This passag

39、e is most probably taken from .A) a history book B) a new reportC) a book review D) a journal of literary criticism.Passage fourLike many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, not least because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Mo

40、tor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Car of the Future.” They featured unconventional styling and things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesnt do anything that my brothers Studebaker didnt do. It goes, it stops, it burns g

41、asoline, it plays music. I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I dont steer it carefully. But guess what? All of these things are subjected to change in the not-so-distant future. It will still go and stop, but it may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be

42、a lot better at not running into things. Airbags arent the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed collisions (碰撞), they obviously still need some development. But they arent going away, and in fact, you

43、can expect to see cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer. Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place. Future ca

44、rs may be able to eliminate many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, tailgating and sleepiness. Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a drivers system and prevent the car from being started, for example. Many accidents are caused by people following th

45、e car in front too closely. As early as next year, youll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines youre closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle. For city streets, expect other radar devices that will give advance warning that

46、 the car in front of you has slowed abruptly and you should step on the brakes or that may even brake for you Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves? Theres no reason to think it wont be technically possible, and Mercedes is working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicl

47、e down a highway on its own. Nobody really expects people to give up all control to their cars, but such systems could be used as failsafe systems to keep cars on the road and bring them safely to a stop even if the driver suddenly became disabled.像許多其他的小男孩,我非常著迷,不僅因?yàn)槲业钠嚧蟾缬悬c(diǎn)一個(gè)汽車人,訂閱了酷雜志喜歡車和司機(jī)和運(yùn)動(dòng)趨勢。

48、常常,那些雜志的一篇文章將運(yùn)行中的“未來汽車”。“他們出現(xiàn)非常規(guī)樣式之類的小型核反應(yīng)堆作為電力來源。然而,坦率地說,我的車不做任何事,我哥哥的Studebaker沒有做。它走,它就會(huì)停止,它燃燒汽油,它播放音樂。我仍然必須引導(dǎo)它,和它仍然遇到事情如果我不開車小心。但你猜怎么著?所有的這些因素都受到改變在不遠(yuǎn)的將來。它仍然會(huì)去阻止,但它可能不是燒汽油,我可能沒有駕馭它,它可能是一個(gè)更好的選擇,它不會(huì)撞到東西。安全氣囊沒有一勞永逸的安全。事實(shí)上,考慮到最近的新聞人們偶爾被他們的安全氣囊在低速碰撞(碰撞),他們顯然還需要一些發(fā)展。但他們并沒有離開,事實(shí)上,你可以期望看到汽車,側(cè)面安全氣囊出現(xiàn)額外的東西,一些歐洲汽車制造商已經(jīng)提供。比系統(tǒng)來減少損傷在一個(gè)事故的發(fā)生,然而,是系統(tǒng),減少事故發(fā)生的可能性發(fā)生在第一個(gè)地方。未來的汽車可以消除