1、何凱文長(zhǎng)難句66句1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.【詞匯突破】：cognitive 認(rèn)知的 （后天習(xí)得的） Intuitive 先天的 和以上這組單詞概念相同的表達(dá)還有： Nature先天；nurture后天； bo

2、rn ;先天的；made 后天的；innate天生的；Acquired后天習(xí)得；Determine 決定Coupled with 相當(dāng)于and,想類似的表達(dá)還有along with ; combined with等?！局鞲勺R(shí)別】：句子的主語(yǔ)是This success和later research ；謂語(yǔ)是led; 賓語(yǔ)是Ericsson; 不定式短語(yǔ)to conclude 做狀語(yǔ)；主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that 【其他成分】：在research后面接一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，在這個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞

3、短語(yǔ)中that引導(dǎo)的從句做showing 的賓語(yǔ)；在不定式短語(yǔ)中that引導(dǎo)的從句做conclude的賓語(yǔ)；morethan結(jié)構(gòu)翻譯為與其說(shuō)，不如說(shuō)?！疚⒂^解析】：由于主語(yǔ)中的第二個(gè)并列成分比較長(zhǎng)，且是用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)的，在閱讀的時(shí)候可以跳讀；把This success和動(dòng)詞led先連起來(lái)然后再來(lái)解析其他成分。【譯文賞析】：這種成功和后來(lái)表明記憶本身并不是先天決定的研究使愛(ài)立信總結(jié)道，記憶的行為與其說(shuō)是一種先天的行為不如說(shuō)是一種習(xí)得的行為。2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out num

4、erical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.【詞匯突破】：visualize 想象 Figure out 發(fā)現(xiàn)和找出 Suits 使適合【主干識(shí)別】：句子主語(yǔ)是由how引導(dǎo)的一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句，it是句子的形式主語(yǔ)；句子主干為: How is not obvious.在主語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是capacity，謂語(yǔ)是suits 賓語(yǔ)是one ;【其他成分】：狀語(yǔ)為to answer主語(yǔ)后加上兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語(yǔ)； 動(dòng)詞不定式中的賓語(yǔ)questi

5、ons后面接一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】：這個(gè)句子是一個(gè)由形式主語(yǔ)it引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，其中難點(diǎn)為需要識(shí)別出主語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞suits.【譯文賞析】：構(gòu)思物體和找出數(shù)字模型的能力是如何讓一個(gè)人去回答那些連最好的詩(shī)人和哲學(xué)家都回避的問(wèn)題的，這點(diǎn)我們還不是很清楚。3Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether its knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.【詞匯突破】Toil through (

6、辛苦的經(jīng)歷) 名詞：Winston Churchill: Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat”(丘吉爾演講)sweat and toil （汗水和辛苦） He succeeded after years of toil. (他經(jīng)歷數(shù)年的辛勞之后成功了) SAT 美國(guó)高考 全稱為scholastic assessment test 學(xué)術(shù)性評(píng)估測(cè)試 testify 證實(shí) matter 這里是動(dòng)詞，重要；sth matters 事情很重要；【主干識(shí)別】anyone 為句子的主語(yǔ)，will testify 為句子謂語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句；【其他成分】that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

7、中test-taking skill 為主語(yǔ)，matters 做謂語(yǔ)，whether 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句【譯文賞析】任何一個(gè)曾經(jīng)辛苦的經(jīng)歷過(guò)SAT考試的人都會(huì)證實(shí)考試的技巧也很重要，無(wú)論這種技巧是知道什么時(shí)候去猜還是知道什么問(wèn)題應(yīng)該跳過(guò)。 【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether its individuals willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group. 4. Duri

8、ng the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.【詞匯突破】count on 依靠； fair play 公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)【主干識(shí)別】the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)態(tài)；【

9、其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定語(yǔ)從句修飾middle-class family ；During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做狀語(yǔ)；【微觀解析】the American middle-class family 為句子主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)是has been transformed；During the past generation和by economic risk and ne

10、w realities 為狀語(yǔ)；that 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中做主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)為 could count on， 賓語(yǔ)為hard work and fair play；to keep itself financially secure為狀語(yǔ)。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)后接了較長(zhǎng)的修飾成份使這個(gè)句子在閱讀時(shí)主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難。【譯文賞析】在過(guò)去的20多年時(shí)間里，那些曾經(jīng)依靠辛勤工作和公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就可以保證自己財(cái)政收支安全的美國(guó)中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭已經(jīng)被經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和新的現(xiàn)實(shí)所改變。（定語(yǔ)從句前置的翻譯方法來(lái)處理這個(gè)句子）5.Much of the language used to describe

11、monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.【詞匯突破】steer 指揮，控制 precise 精確的【主干識(shí)別】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】used to describe monet

12、ary policy過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)修飾the language；such as “steering the economy to a soft landing ”or “ a touch on the brakes”形容詞短語(yǔ)；形容詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)修飾the language。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)后接了較長(zhǎng)的修飾成份使這個(gè)句子在閱讀時(shí)主干不容易把握。造成理解的困難?！咀g文賞析】有很多用于描述貨幣政策的詞匯，例如操縱經(jīng)濟(jì)軟著陸或者輕踩剎車，使貨幣政策聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是一門精確的科學(xué)。沒(méi)有什么比這更遠(yuǎn)離實(shí)際情況的了。（但這些說(shuō)法是最不靠譜的，事情遠(yuǎn)非如此用來(lái)表示強(qiáng)烈的反對(duì) 這與i cannt agre

13、e with you more有異曲同工之妙） 【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】第二個(gè)句子的翻譯中可以使用正話反說(shuō)的方法來(lái)進(jìn)行翻譯，在肯定和否定之間進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換?？梢詤⒖枷旅娴膬蓚€(gè)例子：（1）An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 機(jī)會(huì)難得。（2）Such things are of no rare occurrence. 這些事情經(jīng)常發(fā)生?！咀魑摹坑糜谂g對(duì)方的時(shí)候就可以用：Nothing could be further from the truth.6.On another level, many in the medical community ackno

14、wledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.【詞匯突破】agony 痛苦 despair 絕望 prolong 延長(zhǎng)【主干識(shí)別】many acknowledge that +賓語(yǔ)從句 （many 作為代詞表示很多人，或者很多個(gè)體）【其他成分】On another level 做狀語(yǔ)和in the medical communi

15、ty做定語(yǔ)；the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients為賓語(yǔ)從句主干；特別提示：fuel本來(lái)意思是燃料，但是這里可以理解為由于，因?yàn)?，加劇的意思；為了以后閱讀理解更透徹，可以直接把結(jié)構(gòu)A is fueled by B 理解為：A是結(jié)果；B是原因.例句：Chinas success is fueled by the age of globlization.【微觀解析】in part賓語(yǔ)從句中的狀語(yǔ)，for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical

16、 agony of dying.定語(yǔ)從句修飾patients; 定語(yǔ)從句還原為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子就是：Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 這個(gè)句子中的them 和前面句子中的patients 為相同名詞，因此在這里作者將其寫(xiě)成了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但是在翻譯的時(shí)候是要分譯的。這句話在定語(yǔ)從句的前世和今生： suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients. The modern medicine has prolonged

17、the physical agony of dying for them.(兩個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)了共有的名詞patients 和 them,于是them 被換成了whom ；for whom 一并提前。)【難點(diǎn)揭秘】同樣是隔離結(jié)構(gòu)在閱讀的過(guò)程中給我們帶來(lái)不舒服的感覺(jué)，in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之間，in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之間。【譯文賞析】在另一個(gè)層面上，很多醫(yī)療界的人士承認(rèn)，關(guān)于醫(yī)生幫助下的自殺的討論，部分是因?yàn)椴∪说慕^望情緒，對(duì)病人來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)已經(jīng)延長(zhǎng)了死亡的生理的痛苦?！緦?xiě)作】On another level

18、，many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacles on their job hunting way.7.The trend was naturally most obviou

19、s in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.【詞匯突破】illustrate 例證； in terms of 根據(jù)，以為依據(jù)；【主干識(shí)別】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞【其他成分】naturally ,in

20、 those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom為狀語(yǔ)?！疚⒂^解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修飾狀語(yǔ)中的名詞science做定語(yǔ)?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副詞做狀語(yǔ)放的位置都不是在開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，而是放在了中間部分，這樣給我們閱讀帶來(lái)一定的困擾，但是難點(diǎn)既亮點(diǎn)，我們?cè)趯?xiě)作的過(guò)程中就可以靈活的運(yùn)用：based especially on這樣的表達(dá)了。【譯文

21、賞析】很自然，這種趨勢(shì)會(huì)在尤以數(shù)學(xué)或?qū)嶒?yàn)室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的自然學(xué)科領(lǐng)域中表現(xiàn)的最為明顯，并且可以用英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)的發(fā)展作為例證來(lái)說(shuō)明。【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】把副詞放到開(kāi)頭來(lái)翻譯，正是體現(xiàn)了前面所講到的副詞很多時(shí)候就是在修飾整個(gè)句子。8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin probl

22、ems of end-of-life care.【詞匯突破】 under treatment 治療不足 aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑釁的 3.有進(jìn)取精神的;有干勁的 4.大膽的 dishonor 使丟臉,使受恥辱 medical procedures 醫(yī)療手段【主干識(shí)別】The report identifiesandas the twin problems of end-of-life care 主謂賓賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)；the under treatment of pain和 the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced med

23、ical procedures” that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 為并列的賓語(yǔ)成分?！疚⒂^解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying為定語(yǔ)從句修飾ineffectual and forced medical procedures，定語(yǔ)從句中有兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞prolong and dishonor做謂語(yǔ)。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的困難之處就在于并列賓語(yǔ)的后半部分加上了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)而使identify 和as 之間的距離拉大，產(chǎn)生了閱讀障礙。【譯文賞析

24、】報(bào)告把對(duì)疼痛處理不夠和大膽使用可能延長(zhǎng)死亡期甚至讓病人死的不體面的無(wú)效的和強(qiáng)制的醫(yī)療手段確定為臨終關(guān)懷的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題。報(bào)告確定了臨終關(guān)懷的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，一是對(duì)疼痛處理不夠，二是大膽的使用可能延長(zhǎng)死亡期甚至讓病人死的不體面的那些無(wú)效和強(qiáng)制的醫(yī)療手段?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】這個(gè)句子的翻譯主要考察對(duì)于詞的理解： dishonor the period of dying 直接翻譯就是:使死亡的階段受到恥辱。可以轉(zhuǎn)譯為：讓病人死的不體面。中文是習(xí)慣是以人為主體的。還有就是medical procedures 表示醫(yī)療手段而不要翻譯成醫(yī)療過(guò)程。9. The notion that learning should have

25、 in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.【詞匯突破】inspired 有激發(fā)性的 establishment 機(jī)構(gòu)，建立nonetheless 但是case 事實(shí),實(shí)情【主干識(shí)別】The notion would seem merely silly. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】that learning should have in it an eleme

26、nt of inspired play 同位語(yǔ)從句修飾notion；主干為that learning should have an element of inspired play，是主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；in it 為狀語(yǔ)。to the greater part of the academic establishment狀語(yǔ)。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】這個(gè)句子的難點(diǎn)就是在主干中加入了狀語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句使句子結(jié)構(gòu)變得復(fù)雜。很多同學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)but 和 nonetheless 連用感到困惑。兩個(gè)句子之間是需要連詞連接的，but是連詞，起連接兩個(gè)句子的作用。但是兩個(gè)句子之間的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系并不是像but所表達(dá)的那樣強(qiáng)烈，前后兩句之間為“

27、部分肯定”的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此使用nonetheless 轉(zhuǎn)折副詞，表明轉(zhuǎn)折的意味并不強(qiáng)烈。這里的but也可以換為and。 【譯文賞析】大多數(shù)的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)認(rèn)為在學(xué)習(xí)中加入有啟發(fā)性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的，但是這樣的事情確實(shí)常常發(fā)生的?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】把狀語(yǔ)翻譯為中文中的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，我們也可以翻譯為：“對(duì)于大多數(shù)的學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)而言”，但是翻譯為中文的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)更簡(jiǎn)潔，that is the case 如果翻譯為這就是事實(shí)，沒(méi)有能表達(dá)出準(zhǔn)確的句意。就正如邁克爾杰克遜的紀(jì)念電影this is it 我們翻譯為:就是這樣。10. An invisible border divides those arguing for

28、computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.【詞匯突破】argue for 支持 argue against 反對(duì) on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表career prospects 就業(yè)前景radical 徹底的，根本的，激進(jìn)的【主干識(shí)別】An invisible bord

29、er divides those and those. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)分別修飾兩個(gè)those 作后置定語(yǔ)?！疚⒂^解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of stude

30、nts career prospects相當(dāng)于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects【難點(diǎn)揭秘】divide those and those在兩個(gè)those后面加上了很長(zhǎng)的修飾成分造成了結(jié)構(gòu)識(shí)別的困難。 【譯文賞析】一條無(wú)形的界限將支持計(jì)算機(jī)進(jìn)課堂的人分為兩類：一類人是從學(xué)生的職業(yè)前景從發(fā)思考的，另一類人想的是像教育的徹底改革這樣的一些更廣泛的理由。【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】在翻譯的過(guò)程中，我們把a(bǔ)rguing for computers in the classroom放到了th

31、ose 前作漢語(yǔ)中的前置定語(yǔ)再把過(guò)長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)部分單獨(dú)成句，這樣更符合中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。）11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.【詞匯突破】the treasury secretary 財(cái)政部長(zhǎng)（美） anecdote 軼聞，趣聞 statistic

32、s 數(shù)據(jù)（還有一個(gè)我們不熟悉的意思：表格） picture 情況，事態(tài)，局面，狀況，情形，形勢(shì)【主干識(shí)別】There is a disjunction.【其他成分】as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入語(yǔ)；between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics后置定語(yǔ)修飾a disjunction.【微觀解析】between the mass of bus

33、iness anecdote and the picture; 為定語(yǔ)的主體部分；that points to a leap in productivity修飾anecdote；reflected by the statistics修飾statistics?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】由于插入語(yǔ)的加入，造成了對(duì)主干是別的難度，尤其是在between and結(jié)構(gòu)的識(shí)別中由于加入了定語(yǔ)從句使其難于理解?！咀g文賞析】正如財(cái)長(zhǎng)魯賓所說(shuō)，在表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事和數(shù)據(jù)所反映的情況之間存在著脫節(jié)。【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】也可以把比較長(zhǎng)的那個(gè)部分單獨(dú)翻譯，這樣更符合中文的習(xí)慣：有大量表明生產(chǎn)力飛躍發(fā)展的商業(yè)佚事，但是財(cái)長(zhǎng)羅伯特.

34、魯賓認(rèn)為現(xiàn)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)表明的情況并不能支持這些傳奇。前11個(gè)句子都屬于主謂被隔離的情況。而今天則是并列的結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了。12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.【詞匯突破】estimate 估量，評(píng)估 notbut 不是而是【主干識(shí)別】Their

35、 methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes.【其他成分】括號(hào)中的內(nèi)容對(duì)biomass進(jìn)行解釋和說(shuō)明；of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定語(yǔ)修飾biomass， in that biomass over time后置定語(yǔ)修飾changes；【難點(diǎn)揭秘】estimate的賓語(yǔ)為the actual biomass 和changes的并列，并列連詞為but , 在閱讀的過(guò)程中往往 會(huì)由于長(zhǎng)定語(yǔ)的分割而產(chǎn)生閱讀的障礙；【譯文賞析】他們的研究方法并不是想估計(jì)

36、出某些特定地區(qū)魚(yú)類的實(shí)際生物量（活的生物總量），而是估計(jì)出這些生物量隨著時(shí)間發(fā)生的變化。【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】多個(gè)定語(yǔ)在修飾著changes因此順序應(yīng)該做符合中文習(xí)慣的調(diào)整。13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.【詞匯突破】authority 權(quán)威harness 使停止的意思；和stop

37、 可以互換但是更加正式的表達(dá)；還有一個(gè)單詞是curb，這個(gè)單詞表示控制的意思相當(dāng)于control，原意是韁繩的意思，這個(gè)單詞為考研高頻詞。 conscious 有意識(shí)的 intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于dreams;【主干識(shí)別】one leading authority says that+賓語(yǔ)從句；【其他成分】賓語(yǔ)從句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control; 并列

38、連詞not only but also連接兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞harnessed 和 brought；to help us sleep and feel better 為目的狀語(yǔ)【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動(dòng)詞的并列造成識(shí)別上的困難。【譯文賞析】而一名頂級(jí)權(quán)威認(rèn)為，這些極其強(qiáng)烈的大腦活動(dòng)不僅可以被抑制，實(shí)際上還可以受到意識(shí)的控制，進(jìn)而幫助我們睡眠，使我們感覺(jué)好一些。14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and

39、be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selvesgoals that pose a real challenge.【詞匯突破】 utility 運(yùn)用supervision 監(jiān)管【主干識(shí)別】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)由and 連接；【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility狀語(yǔ)；with less human superv

40、ision狀語(yǔ)；at least狀語(yǔ)；goals that pose a real challenge整個(gè)句子的同位語(yǔ)。【微觀解析】同位語(yǔ)goals 被定語(yǔ)從句修飾；【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動(dòng)詞的并列，狀語(yǔ)的隔離；同位語(yǔ)的識(shí)別需要關(guān)注?！咀g文賞析】但是如果機(jī)器人能在下一個(gè)階段達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用，它們將必須在更少的人力監(jiān)督之下工作，而且還要至少能夠自己做出幾個(gè)決定-這些目標(biāo)才會(huì)帶來(lái)真的挑戰(zhàn)?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】對(duì)于the next stage of laborsaving utility的處理，如果直譯就是：如果機(jī)器人要達(dá)到節(jié)省人工的運(yùn)用的下一個(gè)階段在，這樣的表達(dá)不僅拗口而且難懂，就是典型的死譯，所以把定語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯為狀

41、語(yǔ)。15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.【詞匯突破】glimpse 快速的看一眼； disregard 拋棄，丟棄 irrelevant 不相干 ins

42、tantaneously 立即 winding 蜿蜒曲折的 suspicious 可疑的【主干識(shí)別】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞glimpse和disregard【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修飾 the 98percent; focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face i

43、n a big crowd. 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，focus 的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者就是句子主語(yǔ)human mind。【微觀解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 為focus on 的并列賓語(yǔ)【難點(diǎn)揭秘】動(dòng)詞的并列在主句中出現(xiàn)；而在現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)并列賓語(yǔ)；【譯文賞析】但是人類的大腦可以只迅速地瞟一眼一個(gè)快速改變的場(chǎng)面，然后立刻放棄98的不相關(guān)信息，而馬上聚焦于一條崎嶇森林道路邊的一只猴子，或者在茫茫人海中的一張可疑的臉。16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last c

44、entury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.，【詞匯突破】reveal 揭露constitutes 包含 primacy 重要性，首要地位【主干識(shí)別】A comparison reveals notbut also 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)【其他成分】of British geological publications定

45、語(yǔ)修飾comparison, over the last century and a half定語(yǔ)修飾publications，an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research賓語(yǔ)，a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列賓語(yǔ)【微觀解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on the primacy of research修飾emphasis;research修飾defini

46、tion ; what 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句作of 的賓語(yǔ)，what為賓語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)。【難點(diǎn)揭秘】出現(xiàn)并列的賓語(yǔ)并且在賓語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)又出現(xiàn)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，這樣就增加了句子的復(fù)雜性，并且在句中出現(xiàn)了好幾個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞。【譯文賞析】將過(guò)去一個(gè)半世紀(jì)英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的出版物做一下比較，(我們)就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅對(duì)科研的主導(dǎo)地位的強(qiáng)調(diào)不斷攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研論文所包含的內(nèi)容的定義也有所變化。【翻譯點(diǎn)撥】在這個(gè)句中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)名詞一個(gè)是comparison，還有一個(gè)為emphasis，其中還有一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)形容詞changing；在翻譯的處理上都翻譯為動(dòng)詞，并增加概說(shuō)的主語(yǔ)“我們”。17. I believe that t

47、he most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.【詞匯突破】M&A 為mergers

48、 and acquisitions 的縮寫(xiě)表示合并和兼并的意思為經(jīng)濟(jì)術(shù)語(yǔ)。underlie 構(gòu)成的基礎(chǔ)；導(dǎo)致發(fā)生。例如：The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.（引起這些危機(jī)的社會(huì)問(wèn)題尚未解決。）trade and investment barriers 貿(mào)易和投資壁壘globalization process 全球化進(jìn)程(可以作為寫(xiě)作詞匯使用)【主干識(shí)別】I believe that+賓語(yǔ)從句【其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave a

49、re the same 為賓語(yǔ)從句主干；that underlie the globalization process為定語(yǔ)從句；“：”后為對(duì)forces的解釋；【微觀解析】三種力量的并列為falling transportation and communication costs,以及l(fā)ower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 that require enlarged operations和后置定語(yǔ)形容詞短語(yǔ)：capable of meeting customers demands【難點(diǎn)揭秘】并列的三種力量

50、，由于修飾語(yǔ)比較長(zhǎng)和并列連詞較多使其解析較難；【譯文賞析】我認(rèn)為巨大的并購(gòu)浪潮背后的最重要的推動(dòng)力和促進(jìn)全球化進(jìn)程的力量是一樣的：即降低交通運(yùn)輸成本，逐漸減少貿(mào)易投資壁壘，以及為能滿足消費(fèi)者需求而大幅度拓展得市場(chǎng)。18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one

51、eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.【詞匯突破】auditors 審計(jì)人員 distract 分散注意力【主干識(shí)別】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +賓語(yǔ)從句. 形式主語(yǔ)從句【其他成分】for auditors 狀語(yǔ)；scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessit

52、y of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.賓語(yǔ)從句?！疚⒂^解析】scientists should not be distracted 賓語(yǔ)從句主干；who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定語(yǔ)從句修飾scientist；where they are going and how they will get there定語(yǔ)從句中know的賓語(yǔ)從句；by the necessity o

53、f keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.狀語(yǔ)；of keeping one eye on the cash register修飾the necessity 作定語(yǔ)。while the other eye is on the microscope狀語(yǔ)修飾keeping?！倦y點(diǎn)揭秘】主語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)定語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)并列的賓語(yǔ)這樣隔離的障礙就更為顯著了?！咀g文賞析】審查者完全有理由相信，知道自己準(zhǔn)備做什么、怎么做的科學(xué)家不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楸仨氁恢谎鄱⒅浙y機(jī)，另一只眼盯著顯微鏡而分散

54、了注意力?！痉g點(diǎn)撥】by短語(yǔ)在句子中是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，翻譯為原因，where they are going and how they will get there處理為知道做什么，知道怎么做，這樣的表達(dá)符合中文的習(xí)慣。如果直接翻譯為：知道他們要去哪里和怎么去，就是對(duì)于字面含義的翻譯。屬于死譯。 19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Sout

55、hampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.【詞匯突破】hypocritical 虛偽的； spectacles 景象 ample 充足的 radical 激進(jìn)的，根本的 journalist 記者

56、，新聞工作者 advocate 支持 participatory democracy 參與制民主 enrolled in 注冊(cè)入學(xué)，入伍【主干識(shí)別】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)態(tài)【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定語(yǔ)從句修飾spectacles；“：”之后列出三種虛偽的景象的代表人物，舉例說(shuō)明。【微觀解析】定語(yǔ)從句還原為一個(gè)完整的句子：The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干為：The spectacles seem in ample supply；now more than ever為狀語(yǔ)。代表人