1、Period TwoLearning about LanguageGrammar：Inversion1完全倒裝語序(把謂語的全部提至主語前)：(1)在以in，out，back，up，down，off，away，here，there等副詞開頭的句子中，若主語為名詞時(shí)，常采用主謂完全倒裝語序，但主語為人稱代詞時(shí)，主謂不倒裝。例如：Look！Here comes the bus.瞧！公共汽車來了。Oh，here it comes.噢，真的來了。Listen！There goes the bell.聽！鈴響了。Oh，there it goes.噢，真的響了。Just then the door ope

2、ned and in came a woman.就在那時(shí)，門開了，進(jìn)來了一個(gè)女的。(2)表示存在關(guān)系的句子將表地點(diǎn)的副詞或介詞短語提至句首時(shí)，若主語為名詞，也采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。East of Asia lies China，with Beijing its capital.中國在亞洲的東部，北京是它的首都。Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.那棵樹下坐著一位美麗的姑娘。(3)在一些固定句型中，以now，then或thus開頭的句子也采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Now comes your turn to answer the teachers question.(

3、Its your turn to answer the teachers question now.)現(xiàn)在輪到你回答老師的問題了。The AntiJapanese War ended in 1945.Then followed Chinas Liberation War.抗日戰(zhàn)爭1945年結(jié)束，接著是中國的解放戰(zhàn)爭。注意：此句型有時(shí)需用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Now comes your turn to be questioned.現(xiàn)在輪到你被提問了。(4)以such開頭的句子采用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achiev

4、ements.這就是愛因斯坦，一個(gè)純樸而又取得巨大成就的人。2部分倒裝句式：如果有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等，將其放在主語之前；如果沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞等時(shí)，要在主語前加助動(dòng)詞do或does(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))或did(一般過去時(shí))。具體如下：(1)以only開頭的句子，當(dāng)only修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句時(shí)，要采用部分倒裝語序。注意：only修飾狀語從句時(shí)，從句不倒裝而主句倒裝。Only then did I realize he，too，was an Englishman.只有在那時(shí)，我才意識到，他也是個(gè)英國人。Only over 18 are you allowed to join the navy

5、，airforce or army.只有超過18歲，你才被允許加入海軍、空軍或陸軍。Only when the war was over in 1918 was Einstein able to get back happily to work.只有在1918年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時(shí)，愛因斯坦才能夠愉快地返回工作崗位。only后接名詞或代詞時(shí)，屬修飾主語，不采用倒裝語序。Only she can solve the problem.只有她能解決這個(gè)問題。(2)含有not only.but also的句子，若把not only提到句首，讓not only和but also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，not only引導(dǎo)

6、的分句要采用部分倒裝語序，但but also引導(dǎo)的分句不倒裝，而且與前邊句子中相同的成分可以省略。Not only did they take away everything he had but also his German citizenship.他們不僅帶走了他所擁有的一切，而且還剝奪了他的德國公民權(quán)。(3)把含有否定意義的詞(never，not，nowhere，hardly，few，little等)或頻度副詞(often，frequently，always，many times等)放在句首時(shí)，要采用部分倒裝語序。Never shall I forget the past bitter

7、 days.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記過去苦難的日子。Not a single mistake did the little pupil make in his composition.那個(gè)小學(xué)生在作文中連一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤都沒有犯。Seldom does my aunt go to church on Sundays.我嬸嬸星期天很少去教堂做禮拜。Frequently does my companion beat me at chess.我的伙伴屢次下棋戰(zhàn)勝我。(4)so.that和such.that句型中，若把so或such及它們所修飾的詞提至句首時(shí)，主句采用部分倒裝語序，但that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句中語序正常

8、。例如：So shallow is the lake that no fish can live in it.這個(gè)湖很淺，魚不能在里邊生存。Such rapid progress did my nephew make that he was able to keep a diary in English before long.我侄子取得了如此快的進(jìn)步，他不久就能用英語記日記了。(5)not.until句型，若將not until短語提至句首時(shí)，主句要采用部分倒裝語序。Not until he has corrected all our homework will the geography

9、teacher be able to come.直到改完我們所有的作業(yè)以后，地理老師才能來。(6)neither.nor引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，兩句都要采用部分倒裝語序。Neither was the director for the plan nor was he against it.主任既不贊成也不反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃。Neither did I know about it nor did I care about it.關(guān)于此事我不知道也不關(guān)心。(7)以so開頭的句子(在肯定句后)，說某人、某事與前邊提到過的相同時(shí)，要采用部分倒裝語序；以neither或nor開頭的句子(在否定句后)，說某人、某事與前

10、邊提到過的相同時(shí)，也要采用部分倒裝語序。I enjoy dumplings.我喜歡吃餃子。So do I.我也一樣。After that we never saw her again，neither(nor) did we hear from her.在那以后，我們從未見過她，也沒有收到過她的來信。注意：上述兩種倒裝句式還可用So it it/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the same with sb./sth.兩個(gè)句型來替換，意思不變。但若前句動(dòng)詞復(fù)雜或有肯定和否定混合時(shí)，只用So it is/was with sb./sth.或It is/was the sa

11、me with sb./sth.兩個(gè)句型，來表示前邊所說情況也適合于后邊的人或事。另外，以so開頭的句子，如果表示對前邊所說事情的重復(fù)，表示某人某事確實(shí)如此，不采用倒裝語序。Marx came from Germany and German was his native language.So it was with Engels.馬克思是德國人，德語是他的母語，恩格斯也一樣。My deskmate works hard and does not go in for sports.It is the same with me.我同桌學(xué)習(xí)刻苦，不喜歡體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我也一樣。He seems very

12、 sad.他似乎很傷心。So he is.His father passed away yesterday.他確實(shí)傷心。他父親昨天去世了。3其他特殊的倒裝句式：(1)以how，when，where，why，who，whom，whose，what等連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，連接詞要用正常語序。You can have no idea how excited I was then.你可能想象不到我當(dāng)時(shí)有多么興奮。(2)以“whatever/however形容詞/副詞”等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，這些詞后要采用正常語序。However cold it was，Lenin wore that old coa

13、t.不管有多么冷，列寧總是穿著那件舊大衣。(3)enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，要放在形容詞或副詞的后邊，修飾名詞時(shí)，放在名詞前后都可以，放在名詞前的較常用。We have a large enough flat(apartment)我們有一套夠大的公寓。People brave enough to take that medicine are all volunteers.夠勇敢服那種藥的人都是志愿者。(4)在定語從句中出現(xiàn)I think等結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，把此結(jié)構(gòu)看做插入語，定語從句仍用正常語序。The boy who everyone thought was honest cheated in t

14、he exam.大家都認(rèn)為老實(shí)的那個(gè)孩子，在考試中作弊了。(5)“the比較級主謂，the比較級主謂”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越就越”。The harder you work，the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得的進(jìn)步就越大。(6)以as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要采用倒裝語序，其倒裝辦法是提前表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形，提前表語時(shí)，若表語為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，要省略不定冠詞。Peasant as my uncle is，he owns a large fortune.雖然我叔叔是個(gè)農(nóng)民，但他擁有一大筆財(cái)富。.單項(xiàng)填空1It was announced that only

15、when the fire was under control _to return to their homes.Athe residents would be permittedBhad the residents been permittedCwould the residents be permittedDthe residents had been permitted答案C解析句意為：據(jù)宣布，只有在火勢被控制住的時(shí)候居民們才被允許回到家中。that從句中only修飾的時(shí)間狀語從句位于句首，后面的主句需用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。2If Joes wife wont go to the party

16、，_.Ahe will either Bneither will heChe neither will Deither he will答案B解析neither引導(dǎo)倒裝句，表示前者不做某事，后者也不做。3Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason, and _.AI was neither Bneither was ICI was either Deither was I答案B解析句意為：Bill對Jason耽誤了報(bào)告的事不高興，我也是(我也不高興)。表示“某人也不時(shí)”，應(yīng)該用“neither/nor助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語

17、”。4So much of interest _ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.Aoffers Beijing BBeijing offersCdoes Beijing offer DBeijing does offer答案C解析在使用so.that句式時(shí)，若soadj./adv.位于句首，則該句須用倒裝語序，故應(yīng)選擇C項(xiàng)。5Only when I left my parents for Italy _ how much I loved them.AI realized BI had realize

18、dChad I realized Ddid I realize答案D解析考查部分倒裝?！皁nly狀語”放于句首時(shí)主句用部分倒裝。6Not until the motorbike looked almost new _repairing and cleaning it.Ahe stopped Bdid he stopCstopped he Dhe did stop答案B解析not until位于句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝語序。7I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom_so lonely as now.Ah

19、ave I felt BI had feltCI have felt Dhad I felt答案A解析將現(xiàn)在與以前相比較，故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，當(dāng)否定副詞置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝形式。句意為：但我很少感覺到像現(xiàn)在這樣孤獨(dú)。8Young _ he is，he is quite experienced.Alike Bas Cso Dsuch答案B解析as作“雖然”講時(shí)，句子要用倒裝句式即表語/狀語as主語謂語。9Autumn coming，down_.Ado the leaves fall Bthe leaves will fallCfall the leaves Dwill the leaves

20、fall答案C解析考查副詞放句首的全倒裝句式。10_it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu bridge.AWere BShouldCWould DWill答案B解析考查虛擬語氣省略if的倒裝句。if從句中如果有be/should/had，可以把if省略，把be/should/had提前。11Not a single song _ at yesterdays party.Ashe sang Bsang sheCdid she sing Dshe did sing答案C解析考查否定詞位于句首時(shí)的部分倒裝結(jié)

21、構(gòu)。12Not only _English well but also _ ready to help others.Adoes he speak；he is Bhe speaks；is heCdoes he speak；is he Dhe speaks；he is答案A解析not only位于句首時(shí)，含not only的句子要用倒裝語序，故選A項(xiàng)。13At the sight of the policeman，_from behind the door.Adid the boy rush out Bthe boy rushing outCout rushed the boy Drushing

22、 out was the boy答案C解析考查副詞位于句首時(shí)的全倒裝句。14Among the goods _.AChristmas trees and flowers areBChristmas trees and flowers wereCdid Christmas trees and flowers beDare Christmas trees and flowers答案D解析考查表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語位于句首時(shí)的全倒裝句式。15So absorbed_in the research that she didnt hear someone knocking at the door.Awas

23、she Bshe wasCdid she Dshe did答案A解析考查so.that句型，把soadj./adv.放句首時(shí)的倒裝句。16On the top of the hill _ the old man once lived.Aa temple stands there in whichBa temple standing on whichCdoes a temple stand whereDstands a temple where答案D解析表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語放句首時(shí)，句子要用全倒裝語序。17He failed the midterm examination and only the

24、n _how much time he had wasted.Ahe realized Bdid he realizeChe had realized Dhad he realized答案B解析only狀語放句首時(shí)，主句用部分倒裝。18I wonder if your wife will go to the ball.If she_，so _I.Adoes；will Bwill；doesCdoes；do Dwould；will答案A解析so引導(dǎo)倒裝句，表示前者做某事，后者也做某事。if從句不用將來時(shí)態(tài)，故選A項(xiàng)。19In my opinion，all Mr.White _good to his

25、 students in his class at present.He is very strict about their study.Adoes does does Bdoes do doCdoes does do Ddid do does答案C解析句意為：在我看來，懷特先生目前在課上所做的一切的確對他的學(xué)生有好處。他對他們的學(xué)習(xí)要求嚴(yán)格。all Mr.White does是主語，does do good to sb.表示“的確/確實(shí)對有好處”，故選C項(xiàng)。20“Never_to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the

26、discussion，”explained Jim.AI expected Bexpected IChad I expected Ddid I expect答案D解析考查never放句首時(shí)的部分倒裝句。.完成句子1Out_rushed(沖出去了) the children.2From the valley came_a_frightening_sound (傳來一陣可怕的聲音)3Gone_are_the_days (日子一去不復(fù)返) when we used the foreign oil.4Not_until_the_children_fell_asleep_did (直到孩子們睡著了) t

27、he mother leave the room.5So_proud_was_he (他如此自大) that he never listened to any advice.6Beautiful_as_she_is (盡管她很漂亮)，she is not clever.7Only_in_this_way_can (只有通過這種方式) we learn English well.8Had_you_reviewed_your_lessons (如果你復(fù)習(xí)你的功課的話)，you might have passed the exam.9He has been to New York，so_have_h

28、is_wife_and_children(他妻子和孩子也去過)10He doesnt do his best to win the game.Neither_does_she(她也沒盡力).閱讀理解AAuthorities did not release(分布)the gunmans name，but Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.DeKalb county coroner(驗(yàn)尸官)Dennis JMiller on Fri

29、day released the identities of the four victims who died in the county：Daniel Parmenter,20，of Westchester；Catalina Garcia,20，of Cicero；RyanneMace,19，of Carpentersville；and Julianna Gehant,32，of Meridan.“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties”，Miller said.Witnes

30、ses said the gunman，dressed in black and wearing a stocking cap，emerged from behind a screen on the stage of 200seat Cole Hall and opened fire just as the class was about to end around 3 pm.Officials said 162 students were registered for the class but it was unknown how many were there on Thursday.A

31、llyse Jerome,19，a sophomore(大二學(xué)生)from Shaumburg，said the gunman burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.“Honestly，at first everyone thought it was a joke，”Jerome said.Everyone hit the floor，she said.Then she got up and ran，but tripped.she said she felt like “an open target”“He couldve decide

32、d to get me，”Jerome said on Friday.“I thought for sure he was gonna get me.”Lauren Carrsad said she was sitting in the third row when she saw the shooter walk through a door on the righthand side of the stage，pointing a gun straight ahead.“I personally armycrawled halfway up the aisle(通道)，”said Carr

33、，a 20yearold sophomore.“I said I could get up and run or I could die here.”She said a student in front of her was bleeding，“but he just kept running”More than a hundred students cried and hugged as they gathered outside the Phi Kappa Alpha house early Friday morning to remember Dan Parmenter，who was

34、 one of those killed.1Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AEveryone thought it was a joke when the gunman appeared in front of them.BPeters had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.C162 students were attending a lecture when the gunman

35、 emerged from behind the screen.DThe gunman opened fire as soon as the class came to an end.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段Allyse Jermome的敘述，“Honestly，at first everyone thought it was a joke”可知A項(xiàng)正確。第一段中的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or.”，根據(jù)前半句可知，此處的he是指的the gunman，而不是Peters本人，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第四段可知，有關(guān)工作人員

36、說有162名學(xué)生報(bào)了這個(gè)課，但并不知道案發(fā)時(shí)多少人在場，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。至于D項(xiàng)，本文在敘述槍擊事件時(shí)并沒有提到它是在課堂結(jié)束時(shí)發(fā)生的，所以通過本文無法證明其正確性。2How many people were shot to death according to the passage?A4. B6. C8. D162.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段可知，縣驗(yàn)尸官M(fèi)iller確認(rèn)身份的有4名死難者，而在第三段，Miller又提到“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties(另外兩個(gè)受害

37、者在被轉(zhuǎn)移到其他縣的醫(yī)院后死亡)”，所以總數(shù)為6個(gè)。3The following are not witnesses except_.APeters BDennis JMillerCDan Parmenter DLauren Carr答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Peters said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois”可知Peters應(yīng)為北伊利諾斯州大學(xué)校方人員；而Dennis JMiller為驗(yàn)尸官，Dan Parmenter為死亡人員之一，

38、只有Lauren Carr經(jīng)歷了此次事件而且活下來，是槍擊事件的目擊者。4What was the first thing that Jerome did when she saw the gunman?AShe got up and ran out of the room.BShe hit the floor.CShe burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.DShe tripped and became an “open target”答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Jermome的敘述可知，當(dāng)看到持槍者出現(xiàn)時(shí)，每一個(gè)人都hit the f

39、loor，自然也包括他自己。5What is the best title of the passage?AWitnesses Tell of Horrible ExperienceBA Cruel ShooterC162 Killed in an AccidentDAn Unknown Gunman答案A解析主旨大意題。本文主要通過目擊者介紹了槍擊事件的一些詳情，所以最佳標(biāo)題應(yīng)為A項(xiàng)：目擊者講述恐怖經(jīng)歷。BSport is not only physically challenging，but it can also be mentally challenging.Criticism fro

40、m coaches，parents，and other teammates，as well as pressure to win can create too much anxiety or stress for young athletes.Stress can be physical，emotional，or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that wa

41、s at one time enjoyable.The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself.The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place.Young athletes can，for example，learn how to cooperate with others，make friends，and gain other social skills that will be used throug

42、hout their lives.Coaches and parents should be aware，at all times，that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children.Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find faults in themselves.Coaches and parents should also be cautious that youth sport participa

43、tion does not become work for children.The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.In todays youth sport setting young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.Following a game

44、 many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find faults with youngsters performances.Positive support should be provided regardless of the outcome.Research indicates that positive support motivates(激發(fā))and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.Again，criticism can create high levels o

45、f stress，which can lead to burnout.6An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is_.Ato make sports less competitiveBto increase their sense of successCto reduce their mental stressDto make sports more challenging答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Stress can be physical，emotional，or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可知，stress(緊張，壓力)會(huì)導(dǎo)致burnout(激情耗盡；撒手不干)，所以阻止這種現(xiàn)象發(fā)生