1、知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,情態(tài)動詞近幾年的考查趨勢:有效信息越來越隱蔽;情景越來越生動、真實(shí);考查的角度越來,越細(xì)化、綜合化。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,情態(tài)動詞近幾年的考查要點(diǎn):,1. 情態(tài)動詞的基本用法,要求考生準(zhǔn)確把握說話者的態(tài)度和語氣。,2. 情態(tài)動詞表示推測和可能性,特別是“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”形式。,3. “can, shall, should, must”表示的特定語氣。,4. “should / neednt / could / might + have done”表示的特定語氣。,一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法,考點(diǎn)1 can與could的用法,表示“能力、許可、可能性”等。在口語中

2、, can可以代替may 表示許可,而may比較正式;could可以代替can, 語氣較為婉轉(zhuǎn)。,He is only four, but he can read. 他僅四歲,但已能讀書。,Can / Could I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎?,Can he be in the office? 他會在辦公室嗎?,考點(diǎn)2 can表示常有的行為和情形,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,can 表示常有的行為和情形,意為“有時會;時而可能”。,He can be very tactless sometimes. 他有時莽撞。,It can be quite cold here in winter. 這里的冬

3、天有時還真夠冷的。,考點(diǎn)3 be able to的用法,1.表示現(xiàn)在的能力等同于can, 表示過去的能力等同于could;be able to可以用在will后邊,也可以用于完成時(have been able to)。,He was able to / could drive when he was fifteen. 他十五歲時就會開 車。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,The baby has been able to walk. 這個嬰兒已經(jīng)會走路了。,2.was / were able to表示過去有能力并且成功地做了某事,相當(dāng)于 managed to do something / succee

4、ded in doing something。,The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 大火很快蔓延到整個賓館,但是大家都跑了出來。,考點(diǎn)4 may與might的用法,1.表示許可或征詢對方許可,有“可以”的意思。用作此意時,它的 否定形式可以用may not, 表示“可以不”;但表示“不可以、禁止 、阻止”等意思時,常用must not (mustnt)代替may not。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,You may go now. 你現(xiàn)在可以走了。,He said that I

5、 might use his telephone. 他說我可以用他的電話。,May I watch TV after supper?我晚飯后可以看電視嗎?,Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt (may not / had better not).是的,可 以。/不,你不可以。,2.表示可能性,有“或許、可能”的意思,“may或might +動詞原形 ”都表示可能性。用might則語氣更加不肯定。,They may / might have a lot of work to do.他們可能有很多工作要做,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,。,考點(diǎn)5 must與have to的用法,1

6、.must表示“必須、應(yīng)該”。否定形式must not (mustnt)表示“不 應(yīng)該;不許可;不準(zhǔn);禁止”等。在回答must的問句時,否定式常用 need not (neednt)或dont have to 表示“不必”,而不用must not, 因 為must not表示“禁止”。,The work must be finished as soon as possible. 這項(xiàng)工作必須盡快完 成。,Must I be home before eight oclock? 我必須8點(diǎn)前到家嗎?,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,Yes, you must. / No, you neednt (dont h

7、ave to). 是的,你必須。/ 不,沒必要。,2.have to表示“必須;不得不”,在這個意義上與must很接近,但must 表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to表示的卻是客觀需要。have to比must有更多的形式。,The TV set is broken. I have to buy a new one. 電視機(jī)壞了。我不得 不再買臺新的。,He had to go, because his mother was ill. 他不得不離開,因?yàn)樗赣H 病了。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,3.must表示“偏偏;非得;一定要”等意思。,If you must go, at least

8、wait until the storm is over. 如果你一定要走的 話,起碼也要等到暴風(fēng)雨結(jié)束。,考點(diǎn)6 need的用法,用作情態(tài)動詞時,need表示“需要”,主要用于疑問句、否定句和條 件狀語從句中,一般不用于肯定句。在回答need的問句時,肯定式常 用must / have to,否定式用neednt。,Need I arrive by ten oclock tomorrow? 我明天必須在十點(diǎn)前到達(dá) 嗎?,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,Yes, you must. / No, you neednt. 是的,你必須。/不,沒必要。,You neednt come so early tomo

9、rrow. 你明天不必來這么早。,考點(diǎn)7 shall的用法,1.在疑問句中,shall用來征詢對方意見或請求指示,用于第一、第三 人稱。,Where shall I wait for you? 我在什么地方等你?,2.在陳述句中,shall表示給對方的命令、警告、威脅、決心或允諾 等,用于第二、第三人稱。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,You shall be sorry one day, I tell you. 我告訴你,你早晚有一天會后悔 的。,Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. 不要焦急, 今天下午你就會得到答復(fù)。,3

10、.用在法律、規(guī)則等條文中,意為“應(yīng);須;得”。,The fine shall be given in cash. 罰款應(yīng)以現(xiàn)金繳納。,It shall be unlawful for any person to keep any wild animal in captivity. 任何一個人圈養(yǎng)任何一種野生動物都是犯法的。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,考點(diǎn)8 should和ought to的用法,1.表示“勸告、建議、責(zé)任、義務(wù)”,常譯作“應(yīng)該”。這時ought to比should的語氣稍重一點(diǎn)。,You should keep your promise. 你應(yīng)該信守諾言。,Young people

11、should learn how to use computers. 年輕人應(yīng)該學(xué)會使 用電腦。,You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父親,你應(yīng)該 照顧他。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,2.表示預(yù)期或按道理“應(yīng)該;想必;一定”。,The photos should be ready by 12:00。照片應(yīng)該在十二點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。,You should know him well, for you worked with him for years. 你應(yīng)該 很了解他,你和他在一塊兒工作了好幾年。,考點(diǎn)9 will的用法,1.will

12、表示“意志、意愿”,可用于多種人稱;would是will的過去式, 表示過去時間的“意志、意愿”,可用于多種人稱。,I will tell you all about it. 我愿把事情全部都告訴你。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,He wont go with us. 他不愿和我們一起去。,2.will在疑問句中用于第二人稱時,表示詢問對方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教?出請求, 若用would, 語氣比will婉轉(zhuǎn),指現(xiàn)在時間。,Will / Would you please open the window? 你把窗戶打開好嗎?,Would you like some coffee? 想要點(diǎn)咖啡嗎?,考點(diǎn)10 d

13、are的用法,用作情態(tài)動詞時,表示“敢;敢于”,和need一樣,也是主要用于 疑問句、否定句和條件從句中。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 他在眾人面前 不敢說英語,是吧?,考點(diǎn)11 used to和would的用法,1.used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài)(暗示現(xiàn)在已不如此)。,Did you use to go there to see your brother? / Used you to go there to see your brother? 你過去常去那兒看你兄弟嗎?,Yes, I

14、did (used to). / No, I didnt (usednt). 是的,經(jīng)常去。/不,不 經(jīng)常去。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,He used to be in good health. 他過去的身體很棒。(暗示現(xiàn)在身體不 好了),2.would表示過去的習(xí)慣動作,不表示狀態(tài)。,When he was there, he would go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. 他在那里的時候,每天下班之后就去拐角處的那家 咖啡店。,used to表示動作時和would可以互換,他們的區(qū)別在于,used to強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn) 在

15、已不這樣;而would則不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在是否這樣。,They would / used to come to my house to play on Sundays.他們過去,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,在星期天經(jīng)常來我家玩耍。,考點(diǎn)12 had better的用法,Had better表示“最好(做)”。,We had better go now. 我們最好現(xiàn)在走。,Breakfast had better be eaten before 8 oclock. 吃早飯最好在八點(diǎn)以 前。,考點(diǎn)13 may well和may as well,1.“may well +動詞原形”是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu),意為“很可能;完全

16、能,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,”,相當(dāng)于to be likely to。,He may well be proud of his son. 他大可為兒子感到自豪。,Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. 她的模樣變化太大,你很可能認(rèn)不出她來了。,2.“may as well +動詞原形”意為“最好;滿可以;倒不如”,相當(dāng)于 had better或have a strong reason not to。,We may as well stay where we are. 我們留在現(xiàn)在的地方倒也不錯。

17、,You may as well do it at once. 你最好馬上做這件事。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,二、情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法,考點(diǎn)1 情態(tài)動詞表示推測,情態(tài)動詞must, can / could, may / might可以用來對事情進(jìn)行推測。 must表推測時只用于肯定句,語氣非常肯定,譯為“一定”。can / could表推測時一般用于否定句或疑問句,could偶爾可以用于肯定 句。may / might表推測時可用于肯定句或否定句。,1.“情態(tài)動詞+do / be”結(jié)構(gòu),通常對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r進(jìn)行推測。,Its already 12: 30. You must be hungry n

18、ow. 已經(jīng)十二點(diǎn)半了,你現(xiàn) 在一定餓了。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,The light is still on. He must be working in the office now. 燈還亮著, 他現(xiàn)在一定還在辦公室工作著。,He may be in the classroom. Ill go and make sure. 他或許還在教室 里,我去弄弄清楚。,Michael cant be a policeman, for hes much too short. 麥克不可能成 為警察,因?yàn)樗恕?2.“情態(tài)動詞+ have done”結(jié)構(gòu)用于對過去事情的推測。,I didnt hear

19、the phone. I must have been asleep. 我當(dāng)時沒聽到電話 響,我一定是睡著了。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,Tom hasnt come back yet. He may have missed the bus again. 湯姆還 沒有回來,他可能又沒趕上班車。,Jack cant have arrived yet; otherwise he would have telephoned me. 杰克不可能來了,否則,他會給我打電話的。,考點(diǎn)2 情態(tài)動詞表責(zé)備語氣,情態(tài)動詞should / ought to, could, might, neednt等常用來表示說話 人

20、對過去事情的不滿或遺憾,帶有較強(qiáng)烈的責(zé)備語氣。,1.should / ought to have done“本應(yīng)該”,表示過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí) 際沒有做的事情,含有責(zé)備或遺憾的語氣,其否定形式為“should not,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,/ ought not to have done”。,We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead. 我們昨晚本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí),卻去看了音樂會。,I was really anxious about you. You shouldnt have left home without

21、 a word. 我當(dāng)時真的很為你擔(dān)心。你不該一句話不說就離家出走。,2.neednt have done“本來不需要”,表示過去本來沒必要做某 事,但事實(shí)上卻做了。,There was plenty of time. She neednt have hurried. 當(dāng)時時間很充足, 她沒有必要那么匆忙。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,3.could / might have done“本來能夠 (會)”,表示過去本來可以 (能夠)做某事,但實(shí)際上沒有做到。,I stayed at a hotel while in New York. 在紐約時我住在了一家賓館 里。,Oh, did you? You

22、could have stayed with my brother. 是嗎?你本來 是可以和我弟弟住在一起的。,考點(diǎn)3 情態(tài)動詞表示意外、驚訝、納悶等意思,1.“should +動詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的情況感到意外。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,I find it astonishing that he should be so rude to you. 他竟然對你這樣 無禮,真叫我吃驚。,2.“should + have done”表示過去的情況感到意外。,The meeting was very important. You should have arrived so late. 會議 非常重要。

23、你竟然去得那么晚。,3.can, dare, should, need與疑問詞連用,表示意外、納悶、驚訝等意思。,How / Why can you be so stupid? 你怎么會這么笨呢?,How dare you say that? 你怎么敢這樣說呢?,Why should you think that way? 你到底為什么那么想?,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,1.(2011全國新課標(biāo)) They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.,A.will B.can C.must D.should,【答案與解析】D 句意:他們本應(yīng)該午餐時間到達(dá),可是他們的飛 機(jī)晚點(diǎn)了。can / must have done表示對過去的推測;should have done 表示過去本應(yīng)該做而沒有做。根據(jù)句意可知答案為D項(xiàng)。,知識盤點(diǎn),真題探究,2.(2011全國) If you smoke, please go outside.,A.can B.s