1、44名詞的數(shù),名詞的數(shù),名詞的所有格,名詞的變化,可數(shù)名詞,不可數(shù)名詞,NOUN.,不可數(shù)名詞(U) 一般情況下，不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前面不與不定冠詞a(n)連用，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 Milk is my favourite food. Water is very important to us all. 特殊情況： 1)如果不可數(shù)名詞表示特指，則必須與定冠詞(the)或其它限定詞連用。 The milk in the cup was bad.,2) 當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞表示個(gè)體時(shí)，必須使用單位名詞(量詞)。 a piece of advice / bread / chalk / ne

2、ws etc. a pair of glasses / shoes / trousers etc. two bottles of ink / milk /wine etc. 3)部分帶有形容詞修飾語的不可數(shù)名詞可以用來表示“一種”,“一段”,“一類”等，常與不定冠詞a(n)連用。 for a long time take a great interest live a hard life make a fire 下面不可數(shù)名詞不可與不定冠詞連用。,advice weather knowledge homework progress fun news housework information

3、furniture traffic 4)有些名詞的用法隨意義變化而不同。 coffee(咖啡) a coffee(一杯咖啡) glass (玻璃) a glass (玻璃杯) man (人類) a man (男人) iron (鐵) an iron (熨斗) room （空間） a room（房間） work （工作 a work（著作） paper （報(bào)紙） a paper（報(bào)社） hair （頭發(fā)） hairs （幾根頭發(fā)）,)部分以-s結(jié)尾的專有名詞指某一事物名稱常用做單數(shù)。 The United States is made up of 50 states. The United Na

4、tions has sent an official there. 但是， The Olympic Games are held every four years. 2.可數(shù)名詞： 個(gè)體名詞 (worker,pen,dog etc.) 集體名詞 (family,group,police etc.) 運(yùn)用原則：適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~C或pl形式。 A horse is a kind of animals. The horse is a kind of animals. Horses run faster than donkeys.,復(fù)數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成方式： 名詞后直接加-s。清輔音后讀s;濁輔音和元音后讀z.

5、desks dogs apples days 以-s , -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的名詞加-esiz. buses watches boxes classes 以“輔音y”結(jié)尾的名詞，先把y變成i,再加上-es iz. factories countries cities babies 以“元音y”結(jié)尾的名詞，或以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞直接加-sz. boys days Germans,5)以”輔音字母o”結(jié)尾的名詞，加-es iz heroes tomatoes potatoes zeroes Heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes. 大多數(shù)以o結(jié)尾的外來詞，縮略詞直

6、接加-s. radios photos pianos zoos bamboos 7)以f和fe結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)有三種情況： a)直接加-s. 一個(gè)首領(lǐng)(chief)帶著一個(gè)農(nóng)奴(serf)在海灣(gulf)的懸崖(cliff)上發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)屋頂(roof)上面有個(gè)保險(xiǎn)箱(safe)。,b) 變f或fe 為-ves. 一個(gè)賊人(thief)的妻子(wife)冒著生命(life)危險(xiǎn)用半(half)片樹葉(leaf)似的小刀(knife)殺死了一只狼(wolf)。 c) handkerchief的復(fù)數(shù)形式有兩種。 handkerchiefs handkerchieves 8)以th結(jié)尾的名詞后直接加-

7、s. 長(zhǎng)元音后讀z;短元音和輔音后讀s mouths paths months 9)不規(guī)則變化 footfeet tooth- teeth goose-geese childchildren mousemice,單復(fù)數(shù)同形。sheep deer fish (fishes) 表示“某國(guó)人”的名詞。 中日友誼是一致(單復(fù)數(shù)同形) Chinese Japanese Swiss 英法聯(lián)盟a改e Englishman Frenchman 其它一般加-s Germans Americans 復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù) boy friend gold watch passer -by sister -in-law ma

8、n doctor woman singer,s,es,s,s,men doctors,women singers,有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別的意義。 papers(報(bào)紙，稿件) works(工廠，作品) times(時(shí)代) drinks(飲料) manners(禮貌) 部分物質(zhì)名詞可以用復(fù)數(shù)表示種類。 silks fruits foods word用做“消息”“通知”不與冠詞連用，也不用復(fù)數(shù)。 Word came that he won the first prize keep ones word have a word/a few words with sb. have words with

9、 sb. leave word in a word in other words,備注：有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如。 goods(貨物) glasses(眼鏡) compasses(圓規(guī)) thanks(感謝) clothes(衣服) remains (遺物，遺體) trousers(褲子) cattle(牛） police 警察,守信,與某人說話,與某人吵嘴,留言,簡(jiǎn)而言之,換句話說,名詞的一般用法 名詞做定語 1.修飾另一名詞時(shí),一般用單數(shù) * He has two pencil-boxes. * There are three banana trees over there. 2.man

10、 woman用做定語時(shí),應(yīng)與后面的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all women workers.,3.sports,clothes做定語時(shí),仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式 *a sports field *a clothes shop a parents meeting 4. 當(dāng)數(shù)詞與單位名詞一起做定語時(shí)， 單位名詞往往用單數(shù)形式,數(shù)詞與單位名詞用“-”連接。 *He is a fourteen-year-old boy. *This is a two-hour plan.,名詞做主語時(shí),應(yīng)注意名詞的數(shù)，避免主謂不一致。 * Her family is

11、 a large one and her family are all teachers. 她家是一個(gè)大家庭,她的家人都是老師。 *There is a pair of glasses on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡,名詞所有格 表示名詞間的所有關(guān)系“ 的” 一.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成方法 1.單數(shù)名詞后加“ s” *Tom s book *my friend s uncle 2.以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,則在s后加“ ”即可 *Teachers Day *two weeks holiday,3.不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格,仍按慣例加“ s” * Children s Day * men s

12、shoes 4.用of加名詞，構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系的短語，主要用于表示無生命名詞的所有關(guān)系 *a picture of the classroom 但是有些表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、等無生命的東西的名詞，可以加“s”來構(gòu)成所有格。todays newspaper，ten minutes walk， Chinas problem，,表示時(shí)間： 一周的休假 a weeks holiday 明天的天氣 tomorrows weather 兩年的時(shí)間之內(nèi) in two years time 十分鐘休息 ten minutes break 兩小時(shí)的耽擱 two hours delay 也可以用a tenminute

13、 break，a two-hour delay： 我們有十分鐘的休息時(shí)間。 We have ten minutes break We have a tenminute break,二.名詞所有格的幾個(gè)注意點(diǎn) 1.可用名詞所有格表示地點(diǎn), 地點(diǎn)名詞習(xí)慣上省略 * my aunts ( home） (我姑姑家） * go to the teachers ( office） (去老師辦公室） 2.有些名詞的所有格可用兩種形式 *the cats name / the name of the cat *Chinas capital/ the capital of China,3.表示兩人共同擁有,在最

14、后一個(gè)名詞后加“s” * Lucy and Lilys room 露西和莉莉的房間（兩人共有一間房間） 請(qǐng)區(qū)別: Lucys and Lilys rooms 露西的房間和莉莉的房間 （兩人各有一間房間）,在表示所有物的名詞前有冠詞、數(shù)詞、不定代詞或指示代詞時(shí)，常用“of+名詞s”的形式來表示所有關(guān)系，且of后面的名詞一般都表示人，不能表示物。 如：a friend of my fathers，that book of Peters，two bags of his sisters。,1.The rich_not always happy. A.are B.is C.have D.has 2.In

15、 Britain,_are all painted red. A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 3.There are four_and two_in the group. A.Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C.Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans 4.She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second_. A.home B.family C.house D.country 5

16、.Mother brought me_. A.a good news B.a piece of news C.many good news D.two news,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,A,A,D,A,B,6.We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewer B.fewer, less C. little, little D.few, few 7.Beijing is one of the most beautiful_in China. A.city B.cities C.citys D.the cities 8.Would

17、 you like_? A.some more meat B.any more meat C.many more meat D.more much meat,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,(A),B,A,9. ( ) This is my_ dictionary. A. sister Mary B. sisters Mary C. sister, Marys D. sisters Marys 10. Joan is_. A. Marys and Jack sister B. Mary and Jacks sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Marys and Jacks sister 11. ( ) The football under the bed is_. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys,12. ( ) Its about _ walk from my house. A. ten minute B.